Задание 8 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

3

Now we are ready to start.

Presenter: What comes to mind listeners when you think of rabbits? Is it the Easter Bunny or Bugs Bunny? Or maybe you think of cute furry little creatures with long ears and funny teeth? Rabbits are popular pets in many countries, but in one they are really dangerous. Here to tell us about these rabbits is Simon Hearn, a research scientist. So, Simon, it's almost too silly to be true. Are there really vicious rabbits somewhere in the world?

Simon: Well, not in the way you might be thinking. They're not bloodthirsty monsters that physically attack anyone, but they are responsible for major economic and environmental effects in Australia.

Presenter: How is that possible? They look so innocent.

Simon: Well, let's start at the beginning shall we? With the history of Europeans in Australia and then we'll move on to discuss the arrival of the rabbits there. Now, in the seventeenth century a number of European explorers sailed the coast of Australia, which was then known as New Holland.

Presenter: New Holland? Really? I had no idea. I suppose the obvious question is why?

Simon: Ah yes, that's because the first European to explore the land was Willem Janzoon, a Dutchman. Not surprisingly he named it after his own homeland. The explorers who followed were from Spain, England, France, Sweden and many more from Holland, but they didn't stay there to colonize the land. It wasn't until 1770 that Captain James Cook claimed it for Britain. Eight years later the British began sending their criminals there for punishment. The first group arrived in Sydney on January 26, 1788. It consisted of eleven ships carrying one and a half thousand people and their supplies, including European rabbits.

Presenter: Now, these rabbits were not wild and did not spread to other areas. They were probably kept in cages for food. But in 1859 twenty-four wild rabbits were released by a farmer in Australia's south for hunting. He had no idea what that would eventually lead to. Forty years later the rabbits had spread to the rest of the country except for the wet tropical forest areas in the north and had become a major pest and a huge problem.

Presenter: But Australia is massive. Surely the rabbits couldn't cover such a large area.

Simon: Oh but they can. Rabbits increase their populations very quickly indeed. Did you know that one female rabbit can produce thirty to forty young a year?

Presenter: Oh my goodness. There would be billions of rabbits in no time at all.

Simon: Yes, that's exactly what happened. And as their numbers increased they began competing for food and so they had to move to other areas in order to eat. Those billions of wild rabbits caused a lot of economic damage as they crossed the land. They destroyed farmland for crops such as wheat and cotton and grazing areas for sheep and cows. As I'm sure you know, Australia's biggest exports are wheat, beef and wool. So the rabbits have had a major impact on the economy.

Presenter: And the environmental damage?

Simon: That's equally bad. Rabbits destroy the land by creating underground tunnels known as burrows and by eating plants. They can completely stop plants from regrowing. Because of this many plant species have become extinct. Rabbits even compete with cows and sheep for grass.

Presenter: I imagine Australia has tried to control the problem.

Simon: Oh yes. One of the earliest methods was to build long fences to keep the rabbits away, but that didn't work. Since then scientists have resorted to other measures.

8. Which of the following was NOT the reason why rabbits caused economic damage to Australia?
Ключевые фразы: "Rabbits increase their populations very quickly indeed." (быстрый рост популяции), "They destroyed farmland for crops such as wheat and cotton and grazing areas for sheep and cows." (уничтожали растения для овец). В тексте не сказано, что кролики повредили электрические провода. → 3) Rabbits damaged a lot of electric wires throughout the country.