Понимание основного содержания текста (Поиск соответствий)
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
Пример ответа: 1234567
1. A journey through enormous distances
2. Producing light without electricity
3. An important source of scientific information
4. Dangerous encounters with sea creatures
5. Human activity changes the underwater world
6. A world we still know little about
7. Technology makes the impossible possible
8. Surviving under extreme pressure
A. Oceans cover most of our planet, yet surprisingly little is known about what lies beneath their surface. Scientists have created detailed maps of the Moon and Mars, but large areas of the ocean floor have never been studied directly. One reason is that exploring the deep sea is extremely difficult and expensive. Researchers regularly discover previously unknown species, unusual geological formations and entire ecosystems. For marine scientists, therefore, the ocean remains one of the greatest unexplored regions on Earth.
B. Sunlight cannot reach the deepest parts of the ocean, so these areas are permanently dark. Nevertheless, some of their inhabitants have developed an extraordinary ability called bioluminescence. Chemical reactions inside their bodies allow them to create their own light. Some fish use it to attract prey, while other creatures produce sudden flashes to confuse predators. Although the phenomenon looks almost magical, scientists have discovered that it is a highly efficient biological process.
C. Animals living thousands of metres below the surface face conditions that would be fatal to most familiar species. The weight of the water above them creates tremendous pressure, while temperatures are usually very low. Deep-sea creatures have developed special body structures and chemical processes that enable them to function normally in this hostile environment. Interestingly, bringing some of these animals rapidly to the surface can be harmful because their bodies are adapted to completely different physical conditions.
D. Some marine animals spend their lives moving between regions separated by thousands of kilometres. Whales, sea turtles and certain fish regularly travel across vast areas of the ocean to find food or reproduce. Researchers are particularly interested in how these creatures navigate because there are no roads or visible signs to guide them. Evidence suggests that some species may use the Earth's magnetic field, the position of the Sun and even underwater sounds to determine their direction.
E. For centuries, people assumed that the ocean was too large to be seriously affected by human behaviour. Modern research has shown that this is not true. Plastic waste can travel far from the place where it was thrown away, and tiny particles have been discovered in marine organisms. Fishing and rising water temperatures can also influence entire ecosystems. Scientists stress that changes occurring in one part of the ocean may eventually affect regions located far away.
F. Ocean research can also help scientists understand events that happened long before humans began keeping written records. Layers of material on the seabed contain chemical evidence of previous environmental conditions. By analysing these deposits, specialists can reconstruct changes in temperature and learn about the Earth's climate in earlier periods. In this way, information hidden beneath the waves can contribute to our understanding of both the planet's past and its possible future.
G. Reaching the deepest parts of the sea was once considered almost impossible. Today, researchers use remotely operated vehicles, robotic submarines and sophisticated cameras to investigate places that humans cannot safely visit. Some machines can collect samples from the seabed and transmit images to research vessels above. Improvements in engineering are gradually allowing scientists to examine environments that remained completely inaccessible only a few decades ago.