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Volcanoes are places where hot material from inside the Earth can reach the surface. During an eruption, a volcano may produce lava, ash and gases. One of the most famous volcanic disasters happened in the year 79 AD. Mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum under volcanic material. Today, scientists use special equipment to watch active volcanoes. They study small earthquakes, gases and changes in the ground. These signs can sometimes show that a volcano is becoming more active. However, scientists cannot always say exactly when an eruption will happen. Volcanoes can be dangerous, but volcanic areas can also have rich soil, which is useful for agriculture.