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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is often called the Red Planet because iron minerals in its soil give the surface a reddish colour. A day on Mars lasts about 24 hours and 39 minutes, which is quite similar to a day on Earth. However, a year on Mars lasts 687 Earth days. The planet is also much colder than Earth. In 1965, the American spacecraft Mariner 4 became the first successful mission to take close-up pictures of Mars. Its instruments measured a daytime surface temperature of about minus 100 degrees Celsius, or minus 148 degrees Fahrenheit, during the flyby. Today, robotic spacecraft continue to explore Mars and search for evidence of its ancient environment.