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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Пример ответа: 1

What is wayfinding?

Traditional Polynesian navigation – also called wayfinding – means finding your way without any of the tools modern navigators (30) __________ for granted.

You use no GPS, no compass, no radio or satellite reports to help you navigate. Besides your brain, the only “tool” you might (31) __________ on in traditional navigation is an outstretched hand, which helps for measuring angles in the sky.

Navigators must pay close (32) __________ to characteristic patterns of winds, currents, and weather.

Hawaiians in the voyaging community joke that the best way to spot the navigator on a voyaging canoe is to (33) __________ for the person with red eyes.

Navigators get little sleep while voyaging because traditional navigation (34) __________ non-stop analysis of the natural world.

However, traditional navigation without computers and satellite can be more precise. For instance, in 1985 when master navigator (35) __________ that the ship was within a few miles of land, nobody believed him because their satellite navigation system reported no land for over a hundred miles.

Yet the island (36) __________ by the traditional method appeared shortly after, as promised – a triumph of no-tech over high-tech.

35. 1) extended 2) announced 3) promoted 4) presented

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Пример ответа: 1

What is wayfinding?

Traditional Polynesian navigation – also called wayfinding – means finding your way without any of the tools modern navigators (30) __________ for granted.

You use no GPS, no compass, no radio or satellite reports to help you navigate. Besides your brain, the only “tool” you might (31) __________ on in traditional navigation is an outstretched hand, which helps for measuring angles in the sky.

Navigators must pay close (32) __________ to characteristic patterns of winds, currents, and weather.

Hawaiians in the voyaging community joke that the best way to spot the navigator on a voyaging canoe is to (33) __________ for the person with red eyes.

Navigators get little sleep while voyaging because traditional navigation (34) __________ non-stop analysis of the natural world.

However, traditional navigation without computers and satellite can be more precise. For instance, in 1985 when master navigator (35) __________ that the ship was within a few miles of land, nobody believed him because their satellite navigation system reported no land for over a hundred miles.

Yet the island (36) __________ by the traditional method appeared shortly after, as promised – a triumph of no-tech over high-tech.

36. 1) pretended 2) prevented 3) prepared 4) predicted

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

Beginnings of Russian railways

In the middle of the 19th century, the Russian Empire was so big that the necessity of creating a railway system to connect the central regions with the eastern territories became obvious. The (19) __________ (ONE) public railway in Russia connected Saint Petersburg with the Emperor’s residence in Tsarskoe Selo.

It was 27 kilometers long and it (20) __________ (TAKE) about two years to build it.

At that time nobody knew that in the future Russia (21) __________ (HAVE) one of the longest and best railway systems in the world.

White nights in Norway

Daylight in Norway varies greatly. Though winters are quite dark and gloomy, summers make up for it by the season of white nights. From May to July the sun (22) __________ (NOT SET) below the horizon.

Thus, there is only twilight instead of complete darkness.

This phenomenon (23) __________ (CALL) white nights.

It is interesting that in summers many Norwegians enjoy (24) __________ (HAVE) a four-week holiday which gives them plenty of time to hunt, fish or simply walk.

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

Beginnings of Russian railways

In the middle of the 19th century, the Russian Empire was so big that the necessity of creating a railway system to connect the central regions with the eastern territories became obvious. The (19) __________ (ONE) public railway in Russia connected Saint Petersburg with the Emperor’s residence in Tsarskoe Selo.

It was 27 kilometers long and it (20) __________ (TAKE) about two years to build it.

At that time nobody knew that in the future Russia (21) __________ (HAVE) one of the longest and best railway systems in the world.

White nights in Norway

Daylight in Norway varies greatly. Though winters are quite dark and gloomy, summers make up for it by the season of white nights. From May to July the sun (22) __________ (NOT SET) below the horizon.

Thus, there is only twilight instead of complete darkness.

This phenomenon (23) __________ (CALL) white nights.

It is interesting that in summers many Norwegians enjoy (24) __________ (HAVE) a four-week holiday which gives them plenty of time to hunt, fish or simply walk.

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

Beginnings of Russian railways

In the middle of the 19th century, the Russian Empire was so big that the necessity of creating a railway system to connect the central regions with the eastern territories became obvious. The (19) __________ (ONE) public railway in Russia connected Saint Petersburg with the Emperor’s residence in Tsarskoe Selo.

It was 27 kilometers long and it (20) __________ (TAKE) about two years to build it.

At that time nobody knew that in the future Russia (21) __________ (HAVE) one of the longest and best railway systems in the world.

White nights in Norway

Daylight in Norway varies greatly. Though winters are quite dark and gloomy, summers make up for it by the season of white nights. From May to July the sun (22) __________ (NOT SET) below the horizon.

Thus, there is only twilight instead of complete darkness.

This phenomenon (23) __________ (CALL) white nights.

It is interesting that in summers many Norwegians enjoy (24) __________ (HAVE) a four-week holiday which gives them plenty of time to hunt, fish or simply walk.