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ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Imagine that you are doing a project on which digital technologies Zetlanders use most often. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).

Comment on the data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise from using digital technologies and suggest a way of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the role of information technologies in everyday life.

Imagine that you are doing a project on what Zetlanders enjoy most about national holidays. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).

Comment on the data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Write 200–250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
– select and report 2–3 facts;
– make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
– outline a problem that can arise when celebrating national holidays and suggest a way of solving it;
– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of national holidays and traditions.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. A place with a dangerous reputation

2. A unique animal community

3. Protecting the natural treasures

4. A landscape created by water

5. The unusual inhabitants of the desert

6. A forest full of ancient secrets

7. A natural area for relaxation

8. The role of climate in nature

A. Australia is famous for its extraordinary landscapes and remarkable biodiversity. The continent is home to many species that cannot be found anywhere else on Earth. Scientists explain this uniqueness by the fact that Australia was separated from other continents for millions of years. As a result, many animals and plants developed independently and adapted to local conditions. This natural isolation created one of the most unusual ecosystems in the world.

B. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the most impressive natural structures on the planet. It stretches for thousands of kilometres along the coast of Australia and consists of millions of tiny organisms called coral polyps. The reef provides shelter for numerous marine species, including colourful fish and sea turtles. However, rising ocean temperatures and pollution threaten this fragile environment.

C. The Australian desert may seem empty and lifeless at first glance, but it contains many fascinating examples of adaptation. Some animals can survive with very little water and avoid extreme heat by changing their behaviour. For example, certain creatures become active only at night when temperatures are lower. These survival strategies allow them to exist in one of the harshest environments on Earth.

D. Australian forests contain some of the oldest living plants in the world. Certain trees have existed for hundreds of years and have developed special features that help them survive fires and changing weather conditions. Researchers study these forests because they provide important information about climate history and the evolution of plants.

E. Australia has many protected areas created to preserve its natural heritage. National parks and wildlife reserves help scientists monitor endangered species and maintain ecological balance. Government organisations and environmental groups work together to reduce the negative impact of human activity. These efforts are essential because many unique species depend on these protected environments.

F. The Australian climate strongly influences the appearance and behaviour of living organisms. Different regions of the country have completely different weather conditions, from tropical areas in the north to cooler zones in the south. Plants and animals have developed various adaptations that allow them to survive in these diverse environments.

G. Some Australian natural areas attract millions of visitors every year because of their beauty and peaceful atmosphere. Tourists come to enjoy beaches, forests and national parks. These places provide opportunities for outdoor activities and help people relax away from busy city life. At the same time, visitors are encouraged to follow environmental rules to avoid damaging nature.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. The first attempts to record information
2. A new form of reading
3. Books that changed society
4. Protecting valuable examples of the past
5. The people behind modern publishing
6. A place where knowledge is collected
7. The influence of technology on books
8. Reading as a social activity

A. Long before modern books appeared, people searched for ways to preserve important information. Ancient civilisations used different materials, including stone, clay and special plant fibres, to record their ideas. These early examples were not similar to modern books, but they played an essential role in keeping knowledge for future generations. Scientists study these objects to understand how human communication developed over time.

B. Libraries have always been connected with the preservation and organisation of knowledge. In ancient times, they stored valuable manuscripts that contained information about science, history and culture. Today, libraries have changed significantly and offer visitors access to printed books as well as digital resources. Although people can find information online, libraries continue to remain important educational centres.

C. The invention of printing technology transformed the way people received information. Before this development, books were expensive and could only be produced in limited numbers. The creation of printing machines allowed texts to become available to a much wider audience. This change contributed to the spread of education and helped scientific ideas reach more people.

D. Some books have had a remarkable impact on society because they introduced new ideas and influenced people’s opinions. Scientific works, historical texts and literary masterpieces have changed the way people understand the world. Researchers often study famous publications because they reflect important changes in culture and human thinking.

E. Modern publishing involves many specialists who work together to create books. Authors develop ideas and write texts, while editors, designers and other professionals prepare materials for readers. Although digital technologies have changed the industry, human creativity remains a central part of the publishing process.

F. Electronic books have become increasingly popular in recent years. Many readers appreciate digital formats because they allow people to store thousands of texts on a single device. However, some researchers believe that printed books still have advantages because they create a different reading experience and help people concentrate better.

G. Reading has traditionally been considered an individual activity, but it can also bring people together. Book clubs and literary events allow readers to discuss stories, exchange opinions and discover new authors. Such activities demonstrate that books can connect people with similar interests.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. A journey through enormous distances
2. Producing light without electricity
3. An important source of scientific information
4. Dangerous encounters with sea creatures
5. Human activity changes the underwater world
6. A world we still know little about
7. Technology makes the impossible possible
8. Surviving under extreme pressure

A. Oceans cover most of our planet, yet surprisingly little is known about what lies beneath their surface. Scientists have created detailed maps of the Moon and Mars, but large areas of the ocean floor have never been studied directly. One reason is that exploring the deep sea is extremely difficult and expensive. Researchers regularly discover previously unknown species, unusual geological formations and entire ecosystems. For marine scientists, therefore, the ocean remains one of the greatest unexplored regions on Earth.

B. Sunlight cannot reach the deepest parts of the ocean, so these areas are permanently dark. Nevertheless, some of their inhabitants have developed an extraordinary ability called bioluminescence. Chemical reactions inside their bodies allow them to create their own light. Some fish use it to attract prey, while other creatures produce sudden flashes to confuse predators. Although the phenomenon looks almost magical, scientists have discovered that it is a highly efficient biological process.

C. Animals living thousands of metres below the surface face conditions that would be fatal to most familiar species. The weight of the water above them creates tremendous pressure, while temperatures are usually very low. Deep-sea creatures have developed special body structures and chemical processes that enable them to function normally in this hostile environment. Interestingly, bringing some of these animals rapidly to the surface can be harmful because their bodies are adapted to completely different physical conditions.

D. Some marine animals spend their lives moving between regions separated by thousands of kilometres. Whales, sea turtles and certain fish regularly travel across vast areas of the ocean to find food or reproduce. Researchers are particularly interested in how these creatures navigate because there are no roads or visible signs to guide them. Evidence suggests that some species may use the Earth's magnetic field, the position of the Sun and even underwater sounds to determine their direction.

E. For centuries, people assumed that the ocean was too large to be seriously affected by human behaviour. Modern research has shown that this is not true. Plastic waste can travel far from the place where it was thrown away, and tiny particles have been discovered in marine organisms. Fishing and rising water temperatures can also influence entire ecosystems. Scientists stress that changes occurring in one part of the ocean may eventually affect regions located far away.

F. Ocean research can also help scientists understand events that happened long before humans began keeping written records. Layers of material on the seabed contain chemical evidence of previous environmental conditions. By analysing these deposits, specialists can reconstruct changes in temperature and learn about the Earth's climate in earlier periods. In this way, information hidden beneath the waves can contribute to our understanding of both the planet's past and its possible future.

G. Reaching the deepest parts of the sea was once considered almost impossible. Today, researchers use remotely operated vehicles, robotic submarines and sophisticated cameras to investigate places that humans cannot safely visit. Some machines can collect samples from the seabed and transmit images to research vessels above. Improvements in engineering are gradually allowing scientists to examine environments that remained completely inaccessible only a few decades ago.