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Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Climate change is one of the most serious environmental issues facing humanity. Scientists collect data about temperatures, weather patterns and changes in nature to understand this process. Since 1880, global temperatures have increased significantly because of human activities. Researchers explain that even a small rise of 1.5 degrees can influence ecosystems around the world. Climate studies help governments create strategies to reduce harmful emissions. People can also contribute by saving energy, recycling materials and using environmentally friendly transport. Protecting the climate requires cooperation between countries, scientists and ordinary citizens.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Robots have become an important part of modern science and industry. They are used in factories, hospitals and research laboratories to perform different tasks. The first industrial robots appeared in the 1960s and changed manufacturing processes. Today, some robots can complete tasks with extremely high accuracy and work in dangerous environments. Scientists are developing machines that can help people in everyday life and support elderly or disabled individuals. Although robots cannot fully replace humans, they can make many activities safer and more efficient. Future developments in robotics may create new opportunities in different fields.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The study of animals helps scientists understand the natural world. Researchers observe animal behaviour to learn how different species communicate, survive and adapt. Some animals have existed on Earth for millions of years and have developed unique abilities. For example, certain birds can travel thousands of kilometres during seasonal migrations. Scientists use information about animals to protect endangered species and preserve biodiversity. Modern technologies allow researchers to track animals and study their habits more effectively. These investigations show that every species has an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The Moon has always attracted the attention of scientists and explorers. It is the closest natural object to Earth and provides important information about the history of our planet. The first people landed on the Moon in 1969 during a famous space mission. Scientists discovered that the Moon has no atmosphere and temperatures can change from extremely hot to nearly minus 170 degrees Celsius. Modern research missions continue to study its surface and resources. Some experts believe that future lunar bases may help people explore deeper parts of space. Studying the Moon allows scientists to understand how planets are formed and how the universe has changed over time.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The development of computers has changed human life in many ways. Early computers were large machines that could perform only simple calculations, but modern devices are much smaller and more powerful. The first electronic computer was created in 1946 and marked an important step in technological progress. Today, computers can store millions of pieces of information and help people solve complicated problems. Scientists use computer models to study weather, medicine and space. Although technology makes life easier, researchers also focus on protecting personal information and improving digital safety. Computer science continues to develop and influences almost every area of modern society.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The human eye is a complex organ that allows people to see the world around them. It can recognise colours, shapes and movements by processing information from light. Scientists estimate that the eye can distinguish millions of different shades of colour. In 1609, the first practical telescopes helped researchers study distant objects in space. Modern medicine has created advanced methods for treating vision problems and protecting eye health. Regular breaks from digital screens are recommended because long periods of use may cause discomfort. Research on vision helps scientists develop new technologies and improve the lives of people with visual difficulties.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Volcanoes are natural structures that have shaped the surface of the Earth for millions of years. They form when hot material from inside the planet reaches the surface through openings in the ground. Scientists study volcanoes to understand geological processes and predict possible eruptions. One of the largest volcanic eruptions in history happened in 1815 and affected the climate around the world. Some volcanic areas have temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius because of underground heat. Although volcanoes can be dangerous, they also create fertile soil and provide valuable minerals. Research helps people live more safely near active volcanic regions.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The discovery of electricity changed the development of human civilisation. Scientists spent centuries studying electrical phenomena and finding ways to use them in everyday life. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin conducted a famous experiment that improved understanding of electricity. Today, electrical systems provide energy for homes, hospitals and industries around the world. Modern devices can use only a small amount of energy compared with older technologies. Scientists continue to search for safer and more efficient ways to produce electricity. Their work is important because reliable energy sources are necessary for future development.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The Arctic region is one of the most important areas for studying climate change. It contains large amounts of ice that influence global temperatures and ocean levels. Scientists have observed significant changes in the Arctic since the beginning of the twentieth century. In some areas, ice is disappearing faster than expected, affecting local animals and ecosystems. Polar researchers often work in temperatures below minus 30 degrees Celsius. Their studies help people understand environmental changes and develop solutions for protecting the planet. The Arctic remains a key location for scientific research.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The history of medicine includes many discoveries that have saved millions of lives. Ancient doctors used natural materials to treat illnesses, but modern medicine is based on advanced scientific research. The invention of the microscope in 1590 allowed scientists to observe tiny organisms for the first time. Today, doctors use special technologies to diagnose diseases quickly and accurately. Some medical machines can analyse thousands of health indicators in a short period. Researchers continue to develop new treatments and improve healthcare systems. These achievements show how science can improve human well-being.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Birds are among the most interesting animals studied by scientists. They have developed many abilities that help them survive in different environments. Some birds can fly thousands of kilometres during seasonal migration and return to the same places every year. Researchers study bird communication, movement and behaviour to understand nature better. In 1898, scientists began using more systematic methods to observe bird populations. Today, modern equipment allows experts to follow birds without disturbing them. These studies are important because birds help maintain ecological balance in many regions.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The development of medicine depends greatly on scientific experiments and technological progress. Vaccines are one of the most important achievements because they help protect people from dangerous diseases. The first vaccine was introduced more than 200 years ago and changed public health forever. Modern vaccines are tested carefully before they become available. Scientists use advanced methods to study how the immune system reacts to different substances. Although medical research can take many years, it helps create safer and more effective treatments. Healthcare continues to improve through cooperation between doctors and researchers.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Forests are essential ecosystems that support life on Earth. They provide oxygen, store carbon and offer homes for countless species of plants and animals. Scientists estimate that forests cover about 31% of the planet’s land surface. Researchers study forests to understand how they respond to climate changes and human activity. In recent decades, many forest areas have been damaged by cutting trees and pollution. Protecting forests is important because they influence the climate and maintain biodiversity. Scientific research helps people find better ways to use natural resources without destroying the environment.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The development of modern medicine is closely connected with scientific discoveries and technological innovations. Over the past centuries, researchers have made remarkable progress in understanding the human body and treating various diseases. One of the most significant achievements was the discovery of antibiotics in the early twentieth century. These medicines transformed healthcare and saved millions of lives. Modern laboratories use sophisticated equipment to analyse biological processes and create effective treatments. Some medical technologies can examine thousands of cells within a short period of time. Although medicine continues to develop rapidly, scientists still face complex challenges, including rare diseases and global health problems. Their research contributes to improving the quality of life and increasing life expectancy around the world.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The preservation of endangered species has become an essential part of modern environmental research. Many animals are threatened because of habitat destruction, climate change and human activity. Scientists investigate ecosystems to understand how different species interact with each other and their surroundings. In 1973, an international agreement was created to protect rare animals and plants. Today, conservation programmes use advanced technologies to monitor populations and prevent extinction. Researchers believe that protecting biodiversity is crucial because every species plays a significant role in maintaining ecological balance. Although saving endangered animals requires considerable effort and financial resources, these actions are necessary for preserving the natural world.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The human immune system is a sophisticated defence mechanism that protects the body from harmful microorganisms. Scientists have been studying immunity for many decades to understand how the body responds to infections. Vaccination is considered one of the most effective methods of preventing dangerous diseases. In 1796, the first successful vaccine was developed, which became a turning point in medical history. Modern researchers continue to investigate immune reactions and create new treatments. Some advanced therapies can help patients whose immune systems do not function properly. Understanding immunity is extremely important because it allows doctors to develop more effective approaches to healthcare.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Artificial intelligence has become one of the most influential technological developments of the twenty-first century. AI systems are capable of analysing enormous amounts of information and identifying patterns that humans may not notice. Researchers apply artificial intelligence in medicine, education, transportation and scientific investigations. In 1997, a computer programme defeated a world chess champion, demonstrating the growing abilities of intelligent machines. However, experts continue to discuss the ethical consequences of AI development. They believe that artificial intelligence should be used responsibly to support people rather than replace human creativity and decision-making.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The exploration of Antarctica provides scientists with valuable information about the history of our planet. This remote continent contains enormous ice sheets that preserve evidence about past climate conditions. Researchers analyse ancient layers of ice to understand how the atmosphere has changed over thousands of years. In some regions, temperatures can fall below minus 60 degrees Celsius, making scientific work extremely challenging. Despite harsh conditions, international research stations continue to operate in Antarctica. These investigations are essential for predicting future climate changes and developing strategies to protect the environment.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The invention of the internet has dramatically transformed communication and access to information. Before its widespread development, people depended mainly on traditional sources such as books, newspapers and television. The first network connection was established in 1969 and later became the foundation of the modern internet. Today, billions of users communicate, study and work online every day. Although digital technologies provide numerous opportunities, they also create challenges related to cybersecurity and privacy. Scientists and engineers continue to develop innovative solutions to make online communication safer and more reliable.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The study of earthquakes helps scientists understand the internal structure of the Earth and reduce the risks caused by natural disasters. Earthquakes occur when enormous amounts of energy are released beneath the planet’s surface. Researchers use highly sensitive instruments to detect underground movements and analyse seismic activity. One of the most powerful recorded earthquakes happened in 1960 and affected large areas of the world. Although scientists cannot completely prevent earthquakes, their investigations help create safer buildings and improve emergency systems. This research is extremely important for protecting human lives.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The development of renewable energy technologies is considered one of the most promising solutions to environmental problems. Traditional energy sources such as coal and oil contribute significantly to air pollution and climate change. Renewable sources, including solar and wind power, provide cleaner alternatives. Modern solar panels can convert sunlight into electricity with increasing efficiency. Some countries already receive more than 40% of their energy from renewable sources. Although these technologies require substantial investments, they can help create a more sustainable future and reduce humanity’s dependence on limited natural resources.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The discovery of DNA structure was a remarkable achievement in the history of biology. DNA contains genetic information that determines the characteristics of living organisms. In 1953, scientists described the double helix structure of DNA, which revolutionised biological research. Modern genetics allows researchers to study inherited diseases and develop personalised medical treatments. Scientists can now analyse genetic information much faster than before. However, genetic technologies raise important ethical questions connected with privacy and possible misuse. Careful research is necessary to ensure that these discoveries benefit society.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The development of modern transportation has significantly influenced the way people live and communicate. High-speed trains, electric vehicles and advanced aircraft have made travelling faster and more convenient. The first electric cars appeared more than 100 years ago, but they became widely used only recently. Today, engineers are creating environmentally friendly vehicles that produce fewer harmful emissions. Although modern transport provides many benefits, it also creates problems such as traffic congestion and pollution. Researchers continue to search for innovative solutions that can make transportation more efficient and sustainable.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Social media has become an important part of communication among young people. Digital platforms allow users to exchange ideas, share creative content and stay connected with friends from different places. Researchers study how online communication influences human behaviour and social relationships. According to some studies, more than 70% of teenagers use social networks every day. However, scientists emphasise that the quality of online interaction is more important than the amount of time spent on the Internet. Responsible use of social media can help people develop communication skills and discover new interests. At the same time, experts recommend balancing digital activities with real-life experiences to maintain emotional well-being.

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The modern film industry combines creativity, science and advanced technologies. Over the last decades, filmmakers have developed innovative methods to create realistic visual effects and immersive stories. The first computer-generated images appeared in cinema in the twentieth century and changed the way movies were produced. Today, special effects can transform ordinary scenes into extraordinary fictional worlds. Some films require thousands of hours of digital processing before they are released. Although technology plays a significant role in modern cinema, researchers believe that a successful movie still depends on a strong plot, talented actors and meaningful ideas.