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Around Moscow

As one leaves Moscow, the fast-paced modern capital fades from view and the slower-paced, old-fashioned countryside unfolds around. The subtly changing landscape of the Moscow region is crossed by winding rivers and dotted with peasant villages. This is the classic provincial Russia, A__________ writers over the centuries.

Ancient Russian towns and cities situated not far from Moscow are united in the Golden Ring. The towns are arranged in a circular pattern around the capital, forming a ring. These towns, B__________ Russian Orthodoxy, Pereslavl Zalessky, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal and Vladimir, were built between the 11th and 17th centuries. The Golden Ring area provides an excellent opportunity to view a typical old Russian town C__________ monasteries. Today, these towns are often known as open-air museums. The unique monuments of Russian architecture are kept and compiled there, reminding visitors of the dramatic events and different personalities of the past D__________. In Suzdal and Kostroma there are two interesting outdoor architectural museums – entire wooden villages E__________. All the towns of the Golden Ring have been well restored. Many of the buildings are now museums F__________ the country during their Golden Age, an age that lasted over four centuries.

1. that made up glorious Russian history

2. which was immortalized by artists and

3. that still keeps its Kremlin, churches and

4. that were built to represent old Russian life

5. whose contribution is internationally accepted

6. including Sergiev Posad, which is the centre of the

7. tracing the history of the area that was the centre of

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State Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings. 

1. that they are particularly interested in

2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

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Kazan

The exact date of Kazan foundation is unknown. According to the opinions of some historians, it was founded in the second half of the 13th century, but other specialists believe A__________. It is located on the banks of the Volga River. Since 1438 the city was the capital of Kazan Khanate, B__________ Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Nowadays, Kazan is the capital of the Tatarstan republic. Kazan is a large industrial centre of the region. It witnessed many important historical events. Kazan is a very interesting city from the architectural point of view. Here one can see old buildings, C__________ to the present day, for example, the Kremlin with different constructions, the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Marjani Mosque.

The Kazan Kremlin is definitely one of the most attractive places in the city. It is a unique mixture of historical and architectural monuments. The real fortress, with a history lasting through the ages, and its buildings absorbed pieces of Slavic and Turkic cultures, D__________ Muslim and Christian civilizations. On the territory of the Kazan Kremlin tourists will find a complex of old buildings, E__________, sandstone constructions of the
16––18th centuries, as well as some modern museums. Tourists will have a chance to visit a real fortress and feel a breath of ages while walking inside a unique historical monument, F__________ World Heritage Sites in 2000. 

1. and in 1552 it was conquered by

2. that the city was founded in 1177

3. which have been carefully preserved

4. that the city has many tourist attractions

5. which were created in the 10-15th centuries

6. taking the best parts of urban planning from

7. which was included in the list of the UNESCO

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Polenovo

Polenovo is located away from the main transport links to the south-west of Moscow in Tula Region, close to its border with Kaluga Region. It is a surprisingly beautiful estate A__________.

Vasily Polenov is one of Russia’s most renowned landscape painters of the 19th century, and like many Russian artists he had his own country estate, B__________. Polenov’s estate was originally known as Borok, and is located in beautiful surroundings close to the Oka River. It is worth visiting for this reason alone, C__________. At just two hours from Moscow, it is the perfect destination to escape the hustle and bustle of the capital and enjoy the Russian countryside.

On the grounds of the estate there are several museums to visit. The main one is the Large House itself, which was built in 1892 D__________ when Vasily Polenov lived there. The smaller neighbouring building is known as the Abbey, which was used as a workshop, E__________ where the painter worked. After looking around the grounds of the estate, one can walk along the Oka River to the Trinity Church, which is located 1.5km north of the estate just past the village of Byokhovo. On the way visitors can enjoy the beautiful views of the Oka. The church was built between 1904 and 1905 according to a plan by Vasily Polenov himself F__________.

1. and tourists can visit its unique interior and see

2. that was designed and owned by Vasily Polenov

3. and has been carefully restored to how it looked

4. even if one has no interest in Polenov or his work

5. that were regularly invited to his hospitable house

6. which must have provided inspiration for his painting

7. and therefore should not be missed when visiting the estate

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Wonderful underwater life

The ocean graces more than 70 % of our planet, and millions of marine species call these waters home. Whether a person is a novice or an experienced snorkeller, there are plenty of places to witness enchanting underwater life. All one needs is a mask, snorkel and fins A__________.

From sharing the sea with manta rays in the Maldives B__________ and being surrounded by colourful fish in the Caribbean, these are the best places to go snorkelling in the world.

For brilliant marine life and eye-popping coral, there is nowhere better than the Great Barrier Reef. As the planet’s largest reef system, the Great Barrier Reef is made up of 2,900 individual reefs C__________. More than a thousand fish species, along with six species of sea turtles, inhabit the reef. Warming waters are causing the coral to bleach, and scientists predict D__________.  

Komodo National Park is another place to go to enjoy underwater beauty. It is centrally located in Indonesia. Established in 1980 to preserve the Komodo Dragon, the park became a UNESCO World Heritage site six years later. As one of five islands E__________, the park gets a lot of attention, but the surrounding waters can’t be overlooked. Having enjoyed protected status for more than 30 years, the reefs are thriving with a variety of exotic underwater life, F__________. 

1. stretching nearly 1,400 miles off the shoreline

2. including over 1000 species of tropical fish

3. to experience the beauty of unique coral reefs

4. where one can see the unique lizard in the wild

5. to seeing humpback whales in the Dominican Republic

6. that the reef has become a popular tourist sight

7. that the reef may become extinct as soon as 2050