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ОГЭ по английскому языку Задание №12 Понимание основного содержания текста

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. Why is the musical about Shrek successful?

2. What makes Shrek different from traditional fairytale characters?

3. The voices of which celebrities can we hear in the cartoons about Shrek?

4. What famous films do the cartoons about Shrek remind us of?

5. Why do children like the cartoons about Shrek?

6. Why can Shrekʼs story be interesting to computer gamers?

7. What person does Shrek look like?

A. Somewhere in a far-away magical kingdom, there lived a beautiful princess, a prince and animals who could talk like humans. This is a typical plot for many fairy tales. In 1990, a short story for children about Shrek, a big green troll, appeared. Unlike previous heroes, he looked ugly and scary but had a big, kind heart. In 2001, DreamWorks studio made the first animated Shrek cartoon.

B. All the characters of the cartoons about Shrek are easy to remember and have a good sense of humour. The cartoons are full of episodes about friendship, good and evil, love and family values. The cartoons present an amusing mixture of traditional fairy tales and real-life events familiar to everyone. All that made the story of the troll very popular, especially with children.

C. Maurice Tillet was a famous professional French boxer and wrestler of the 20th century. Unfortunately, at the age of twenty he got a rare disease which changed his body and appearance. It made him look like a huge troll. Few people know that Shrek’s appearance copies that of Maurice Tillet. However, in contrast to the cartoon character, Maurice Tillet was highly intelligent – he spoke fourteen languages and was good at writing prose.

D. Several scenes in cartoons about Shrek are based on scenes from famous movies. For example, the ‘Welcome to Duloc’ song sounds like the popular Disney tune ‘It’s a Small World’. During the fight between Fiona and Robin Hood’s men, the camera moves as in ‘The Matrix’. There are hints of the ‘The Lord of the Rings’ and ‘Mission Impossible’.

E. The famous story was also made into a Broadway show, ‘Shrek the Musical’. Technically, the musical show is not the same as the film but it has its advantages. Children and adults enjoy seeing celebrities in the roles of Shrek and Princess Fiona. The success of the musical is also based on a nice combination of new and old popular songs.

F. The stories about the green troll and his friends are for all ages. Teenagers and grown-ups may enjoy modern computer games about Shrek. Computer stories have attractive design and dynamic plots, so gamers and fans will not be bored. Though the images of Shrek and Fiona are a bit different from the film, they are easily recognizable.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. Why do a lot of letters come to the Italian city on Valentine’s Day?

2. Why is it important to see the right bird on Valentine’s Day?

3. What message can be sent with the flowers?

4. Why do some people give St Valentine’s presents to their pets?

5. What is a different way to celebrate February 14?

6. How did the holiday get its name?

7. Why did a traditional St Valentine’s box of sweets have the form of a heart?

A. Chocolate is the most common present on St. Valentine’s Day. The tradition goes back to the 1800s when doctors made patients eat chocolate to make them feel happier. This might also be the reason why in the 1860s, Richard Cadbury produced his heart-shaped box of chocolates exclusively for Valentine’s Day. Today, it’s estimated that more than 35 million heart-shaped boxes of chocolates are sold for Valentine’s Day each year.

B. St Valentine’s Day is a perfect occasion to express your deepest feelings to the person you love. On Valentine’s Day lovers, friends and family members exchange Valentine’s Day gifts as symbols of love. However, statistics show that nearly 9 million people prefer celebrating Valentine’s Day with their pets and give them presents. The reason is that most pet owners consider animals to be more grateful and loyal than humans.

C. Roses are still the most popular flower for Valentine’s Day. Each rose sent on this holiday has some meaning. For example, a red rose means love and respect and pink says, ‘I am having sweet thoughts about you’. Also, it is believed that one rose stands for love at first sight, eleven flowers mean that the receiver is truly and deeply loved and a hundred and eight roses are recommended for marriage proposals.

D. Some superstitions about seeing birds on Valentine’s Day are really funny. It was once believed that if a woman saw a flying robin, she would get married to a sailor. However, if she saw a sparrow, her future husband would be poor. If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a millionaire. There is no answer to who she would marry if she saw a pigeon, as history does not say anything about pigeons.

E. Romeo and Juliet, the two characters from one of the most popular plays written by William Shakespeare, are remembered all over the world as an emblem of romance. The young lovers lived in Verona, Italy. The famous Juliet House in Verona is the city’s main attraction. Every Valentine’s Day, the city still receives about 1,000 letters addressed to Juliet. The fictional character is still alive for many people who believe in romantic and immortal love.

F. Started by a group of feminists, Quirkyalone Day is celebrated on February 14 as an alternative to Valentine’s Day. The new holiday started in 2003 as a celebration of romance, freedom and individuality. It’s a day to celebrate the things you enjoy doing alone. Ways to celebrate include: buying yourself a new dress, taking a long walk without your mobile phone, exploring a new part of town, trying a new recipe etc.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. Why were ravens considered to be scary and dangerous birds?

2. Why is keeping a raven as a pet really difficult?

3. How do ravens entertain themselves?

4. What is a raven’s essential diet?

5. How can you distinguish a raven from a crow?

6. Why are ravens important for Great Britain?

7. What tricks do ravens play to get and save their food?

A. For intelligence, ravens rate up with chimpanzees and dolphins. These birds have the largest brain of any bird species. Ravens can push rocks on people to keep them from climbing to their nests and play dead to scare other ravens away from a delicious meal. If a raven knows another raven is watching, it hides the tasty bits. It pretends to put the food in one place but hides it in another.

B. It’s amazing to watch ravens sliding on snow-covered roofs. For fun, they also roll down snowy hills. Ravens often play keep-away with other animals like wolves, foxes and dogs. They even make toys – a rare animal behavior – from sticks, pine cones, golf balls, or rocks to play with each other or by themselves. When they feel bored, they mock other creatures like crows, cats and dogs and find it very amusing.

C. According to surveys, the ravens are one of the main reasons why tourists come to see the Tower of London. Nobody knows when the ravens first appeared there but there is a belief that at least six ravens must always remain on the territory of the Tower. Otherwise, the British Monarchy may fall. To prevent the birds from flying away their wings are clipped every three weeks.

D. In the past, in some cultures, people were truly afraid of these dark birds. In Germany, ravens were considered to be the incarnation of criminals’ souls. In Sweden, ravens were thought to be the souls of murdered people. And in Denmark, people believed that it was dangerous to look at ravens because you could turn into a raven yourself.

E. Sometimes people find injured ravens and take them home, but it’s really challenging. These birds require a lot of care, a lot of freedom and a lot of time. Ravens are wild creatures, and they cannot be treated like cats and dogs are. If the bird is strong and healthy, it is unfair and cruel to keep it in captivity. In some countries it’s even illegal. So if you really love and admire these birds, enjoy them from a distance.

F. These birds are often confused with each other because they are both black birds. Even people who are well aware of the differences between them can get confused. Ravens are larger than crows, with thicker beaks and longer tails. Ravens have a deeper voice than crows.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What was coffee’s long way to Europe like?

2. How did drinking coffee become a social life activity?

3. How was coffee discovered?

4. Why was coffee prohibited in some countries?

5. What ingredients are used in coffee recipes?

6. Why do some people refuse to drink coffee?

7. What helped coffee to conquer the USA?

A. Coffee was first found in Eastern Africa in the area we know today as Ethiopia. A popular legend says that one day, a man called Kaldi was watching his goats eating grass and leaves. He noticed that after eating berries from a certain bush, the goats became very active. Curious, Kaldi tried the berries himself. He found that these berries gave him additional energy. The story quickly spread throughout the region.

B. The first coffee berries were transported from Ethiopia to Arabian countries and then they were cultivated in Yemen. From there, coffee travelled to Turkey where coffee beans were roasted for the first time over open fires. The roasted beans were crushed and then boiled in water, creating the drink we enjoy today. Finally, in the seventeenth century, coffee arrived in France, Britain and Italy.

C. The first coffeehouses opened in Mecca and quickly became popular centres of social and political activity. The government believed that coffee stimulated radical thinking, and even thought it might unite the opposition. As a result, soon coffee was forbidden in Mecca. The same thing happened in Turkey a century later, when coffee drinkers were severely punished.

D. They say, in 1776, the thirteen American colonies adopted coffee as their national drink instead of tea. When the British tried to raise the tax on tea, Americans refused to buy it and switched to coffee. In fact, by drinking coffee, Americans demonstrated their political views and their dislike for the British – the famous tea-lovers.

E. The Italians drink their espresso with sugar, the Germans and Swiss add an equal part of hot chocolate, the Mexicans prefer it with cinnamon, and the Belgians – with chocolate. Coffee drinkers in the Middle East usually add cardamom and spices. The Egyptians, on the other hand, are extremely fond of pure, strong coffee. They add neither milk nor cream.

F. When the first European coffeehouses opened, they quickly grew into places where people played chess, exchanged gossip, sang and danced. Coffeehouses were very popular. Anyone could go and enjoy a cup of the drink because the price of a cup of coffee was reasonable. European coffeehouses became meeting points for intellectuals, writers and businessmen.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What can the Indian ancient drawings tell us about?

2. Why do people come to the holy waters?

3. Where are Indian movies made?

4. Why is India getting more and more popular with tourists?

5. How can travellers escape the heat?

6. Which ancient language influenced modern languages a lot?

7. Why is the Indian capital called a city of contrasts?

A. The world’s first university was established in India in 700 BC, where more than 10,500 students from around the world studied more than 60 different subjects. The training was conducted in Sanskrit. Nowadays, Sanskrit is considered to be the mother of all the European languages. Its elements can be traced in most of them.

B. The most frequently visited place in India is Delhi, the capital city of the country. It seems to be divided into two parts. New Delhi is a modern city with hi-tech architecture, tourist attractions and modern facilities. Old Delhi is several centuries old, with narrow streets, ancient churches and noisy bazaars. Lots of people live in slums without the most essential facilities like toilets and running water.

C. People all over the world know of India’s greatest river, the Ganges. The river looks extremely beautiful in the morning light. It is the subject of thousands of prayers. It has become a common ritual for pilgrims to gather by the holy river in the mornings. It is believed that bathing in the Ganges helps to cure all kinds of diseases and can improve your life in general.

D. Indian climate differs from one part of the country to another. The air is cool and fresh in the mountains, but in the plains it is usually very hot and dry, so even a short trip can be very hard for an inexperienced traveller. That is why tourists are always glad to have a rest at one of the numerous stations in the hills. There they can enjoy a nice cup of real Indian tea, the most refreshing drink in such a climate.

E. India is not all history. It is also famous for its Bollywood industry, which produces different films. Indian films have always had their own style; they are rich in music and dancing. Though the industry is still developing, many Indian film stars have received Oscar prizes and are known throughout the world. The home of Bollywood is Mumbai, also known as a busy port and the country’s commercial centre.

F. There is an unusual treasure hidden in the Indian mountains. These are striking ancient temples cut in the rocks. For example, the Buddhist cave temples at Ajanta were built at least 2,000 years ago. Inside the caves on the walls, tourists can see animal images and pictures of people’s lives. Some researchers believe that the interpretation of the images can help us to learn a lot about people’s lives in ancient times.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What natural resource do Icelanders use as an alternative to central heating?

2. What should you take with you when going to Iceland?

3. What are the national characteristics of the local people?

4. In what seasons can you see snow in Iceland?

5. What extreme excursions can the country offer?

6. What does a traditional Icelandic house look like?

7. Why are these animals widely used in tourist business?

A. In spite of its hard northern climate, Iceland is very attractive to tourists. Many people who have visited the country once want to go there again and again. The country turns skeptics into poets and optimists. It’s not only because of the views but also because of the local people. Icelanders are friendly and hospitable and welcome guests. It really compensates for the cold harsh climate!

B. An adventurous traveller would never mistake Iceland’s scenery for any other because of the boiling water fountains and the steam coming from the earth. Smoking volcanoes attract the bravest tourists. Iceland is the only place in the world where you can hike up a volcano and even go inside. There are guided walks to the glaciers, large masses of slowly moving ice, too.

C. Icelandic weather is unpredictable throughout the year. Bright sunshine can easily change to cold and miserable weather within a few hours. In the summer, rain is typical in Iceland. From September to May, when the temperature falls, it often snows, especially on the south and west coasts.

D. Till nowadays Icelanders cannot do without horses. And horses are very important not only for farming. From the Viking Age, horses have become a part of Iceland’s culture. They look like My Little Pony toys but they are exceptionally strong, so they can do heavy work and survive cold winters. The horses are good-natured, which is perfect for new riders. Guesthouses and travel companies across the country offer horse rides and tours.

E. If you decide to visit Iceland, you’ll never regret your decision. The only thing that can spoil your trip is the weather. That’s why it’s very important to get a reliable weather forecast whatever season it is. If you wear appropriate clothes and have some smart heating devices, neither rain nor snow can ruin your trip.

F. Hengill, a place near Reykjavik, is a famous landmark of the country. It is a field of more than 7 thousand hot springs. The water from the springs is used to warm the houses and to fill the open pools in the capital of Iceland. The water comes from below the earth where the temperature is about seven thousand degrees.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. How many official languages are there in the Republic of Ireland?

2. Which colour dominates on the island?

3. What do the colours of the Irish flag mean?

4. What Irish name is now used as a noun in several European languages?

5. After what Irish person did a geographical place get its name?

6. What are the two things associated with the country?

7. Why is the name of an Irishman well-known in the United States?

A. One of the informal names of Ireland is ‘the Emerald Isle’. This is because of its lush greenery and rolling hills. The island country receives a lot of rain each year, which keeps the grass green and the plants blooming. Experts argue that the flora of Ireland demonstrates more than forty shades of green.

B. The most famous symbol of Ireland is undoubtedly the shamrock clover. However, the official emblem of the country is the Celtic harp. Ireland is the only country in the world to have a musical instrument as its national symbol. The harp has become Ireland’s national symbol not because it was created there, but due to the collection of the oldest harps in the world which can now be seen in the museum at Trinity College in Dublin.

C. There is a tricolour of green, white and orange vertical stripes on the national flag of the Republic of Ireland. The flag was designed to reflect the country’s political situation. Created in 1848, the orange stripe represents Irish Protestants. Green is for Irish Catholics and white is for the hope that peace might eventually be reached between them.

D. Most people of the Republic of Ireland speak English. Itis the second official language of the country because, according to the Constitution, Irish (Gaelic) is the national language of the Republic of Ireland. Irish was the primary language that was used on the island. Though children are still taught Irish at school, the language is losing its importance.

E. The White House, the official residence of the US President, was designed by an Irishman. James Hoban was born in Ireland and studied architecture in his homeland. In 1792, James Hoban won a competition for the construction of the President's house in America. He spent nine years supervising the building process. He also designed a few other important buildings in the American capital. No wonder that the name of James Hoban is famous across the ocean.

F. The widely used word boycott originated in Ireland. In 1880, a campaign of isolation against Charles Boycott, a land agent, was started. He threw out the farmers from his land when they complained that the rents were too high. After that, the local shops refused to serve him, his servants left and the boy who delivered his mail disappeared too. The surname of the land agent became a word which means ‘silently ignoring somebody or something’. The word was adopted in English, French, Dutch, German, Russian etc.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. In what place does the climate differ very much?
2. What made people leave this place?
3. Which park has many species of animals?
4. What kind of art did ancient people practise?
5. Where are plant species protected?
6. Why isn’t it risky to take photos in this dangerous place?
7. What place do people avoid visiting?

A. In the Capitol Reef National Park in Utah you can see lots of beautiful cliffs and rocks. Many of them are covered with petroglyphs (rock carvings) and pictographs (rock paintings). They were made by the Fremont Indians, who lived there two thousand years ago and mysteriously disappeared in 1300 AD.

B. The Hawaii Volcanoes National Park has two of the world’s most active volcanoes. The true character of the park is best discovered on foot. You can walk along the paths of hard lava and often you can take a photo of real flowing lava running down the volcano slope! But don’t worry; the park rangers won’t let you get too close.

C. The Grand Canyon in Arizona is one of the true natural wonders of the world. It makes up most of the Grand Canyon National Park and millions of tourists visit it every year. The Grand Canyon is over 320 km long and up to 6 km deep. The top and the bottom of the canyon have very different weather and vegetation. While it is very hot at the top, it can be very cold at the bottom, especially at night. There are signs that people lived in the Grand Canyon 4,000 years ago.

D. The Yellowstone National Park is the first and the oldest national park in the USA. It was founded in 1872. Now it is home to a large variety of wildlife including grizzly bears, wolves, bisons, and elks. It’s famous for its geysers and hot springs. The most famous geyser is called “Old Faithful” because it shoots hot water and steam quite regularly — once every 75 minutes.

E. Going to Death Valley once meant danger and even death. It’s the hottest place in the United States and summer temperature can go up to 54 degrees! Today, Death Valley is a national park and thousands of tourists drive there (in comfortable cars, of course) to enjoy the beauty of this strange land. There are lots of ghost towns in Death Valley. In the 1800s people came here looking for gold and silver, but the terrible heat made them leave the place. Today, you can visit these ghost towns and look inside old houses, prisons and banks to see how people lived then.

F. Located roughly 2,600 miles southwest of Hawaii, National Park of American Samoa comprises five volcanic islands and two coral atolls. The park protects hundreds of plant species in five distinct rain forest communities: lowland, montane, coast, ridge, and cloud. It is the only such rain forest on American soil. Among the fauna visitors can see tropical birds and the endangered flying fox — a fruit bat with the wingspan of a barn owl.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What plant helped the Scots during war time?
2. What cloth came to Scotland from France?
3. What item of clothes doesn’t have pockets?
4. What instrument is usually played at every kind of festival?
5. Why are these Games held?
6. What separated England from Scotland in the Roman times?
7. What is the origin of the word denoting certain design?

A. Every schoolchild in Scotland learns the legend of how the thistle saved the country in the Middle Ages, when the Scots and the Norsemen were at war. Under cover of darkness, the Norsemen managed to land unobserved on the coast of Scotland. Removing their boots, they crept on barefoot towards the unsuspecting Scottish army. Suddenly, in the calmness of the night there came a sharp cry of pain: a Norse soldier had stepped on a thistle. Thus awakened, the Scots acted quickly and drove invaders from their shores.

B. The border between Scotland and England stretches for 174 km along the Cheviot Hills and the river Tweed to the North Sea. Hadrian’s Wall, built by the Romans, ran further south than this, from Carlisle on the river Eden to the river Tyne in the east. The town of Berwick-on-Tweed, at the mouth of the Tweed, changed hands between Scotland and England 13 times between 1147 and 1482 before finally becoming part of England.

C. Bagpipes are found in many countries besides Scotland, but they have become so linked with Scotland that the country and its instrument are practically synonymous. Pipes take many different shapes and forms, and though formerly used in pastoral celebrations, today they are used for every kind of festival activities. They have been adopted by military bands; no weddings or parties can do without piping.

D. A traditional Scottish kilt is made of 100 percent woolen material. It should sit high on the waist, with the bottom edge at the center of the knee. It can cost from $400 to $700. Kilts don’t have pockets, so a special purse or bag is attached to the leather belt to carry keys, money etc. Kilts are generally accepted at both formal and informal events. Prince Charles often wears a traditional kilt on ceremonial occasions.

E. The word tartan originally came to Scotland from France and it began to denote a special pattern forming checks of different colours. Tartan is traditionally used for making kilts, skirts, shawls and what not. Certain colours and pattern schemes are common in certain regions. Nowadays tartan patterns are extremely popular all over the world and are widely used in modern fashion.

F. Highland Games are held throughout the year in Scotland and many other countries of the world as a way of celebrating Scottish and Celtic culture and heritage. Certain aspects of the games have become emblematic of Scotland, such as bagpipes, the kilt, and sporting events. While centered on competitions in piping and drumming, dancing and Scottish heavy athletics, the games also include entertainment and exhibits related to other aspects of Scottish and Gaelic culture.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. When did it become possible to listen to the Queen’s speech?
2. What secret spices did the Crusaders bring to Britain?
3. How do Australians celebrate Christmas?
4. Which plant is good for people in love?
5. What kind of custom for fortune telling came from ancient times?
6. What things were not allowed in the 17th century?
7. Where did the custom of having a public fir tree place begin?

A. Houses are decorated with coloured paper ribbons and chains. Holly with red berries is put on the walls and looks very colourful. A piece of mistletoe (a plant) is hung from the ceiling. It is said to be lucky to kiss under the mistletoe hanging from the ceiling. As you can understand, a lot of people who may not usually kiss each other take the chance given by a piece of mistletoe!

B. One of the delicacies the British have enjoyed for almost 900 years is the mince pie. This is a sort of small cake with a delicious mixture of spices and fruit. It was the Crusaders who introduced it when they brought back new aromatic spices from the Holy Land. In the 17th century Oliver Cromwell tried to ban eating mince pies (as well as singing carols) — but people continued to eat (and sing) in secret.

C. Christmas Day is a family day when families try to get together. In past years, the Queen broadcast a radio message from her study at Sandringham House. Since 1959 she has been recording her message every year some weeks before Christmas, so it could be broadcast on Christmas Day on the radio in all parts of the British Commonwealth.

D. In the USA many towns have a public tree place in some square or park, or outside the town hall. This custom began first in America when an illuminated tree was set up in 1909 in Pasadena, California. Now we can observe the ceremony of putting up the Christmas tree in Rockefeller Center in the heart of New York City, as well as in the main square of every town in the country. The nation’s main Christmas tree is set up in Washington, D.C. on the parade ground near the White House. A few days before Christmas the President of the United States presses a button to light the tree. This is the signal for lighting trees across the land.

E. The custom of breaking a wishbone (of a chicken or turkey) comes from the Romans who used them for fortune telling. They examined the bones of sacrificed birds, which they thought were messengers from their gods. Looking for signs of future events, they broke the wishbone and the person with the longest piece could make a wish which may bring him luck or good fortune.

F. Christmas in Australia is not like anywhere else since December is one of the hottest months of the year. But the Australians have a great time anyway. Those who live near the coast go to the beach on Christmas Day. They have a swim, play cricket or volleyball, surf or just sit around with family and friends enjoying Christmas dinner. Santa Claus arrives on a surfboard — quite a change from sliding down a chimney!

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. Which park can be called the most modern extra-class park?
2. Which park is mostly loved by children?
3. In which park can you see different trees and plants?
4. Which park was started as an open-air exhibition?
5. Which park used to be a recreational and hunting place?
6. Which park is the place to feel oneself in the forest?
7. Which park is a traditional place for the meetings of war veterans?

A. The oldest park in Moscow is located in the northeast. The park got its name in honour of the royal falcon hunting, which took place here in the XVI–XVII centuries. For a long time, Sokolniki was a royal place of rest but during the years of revolution and the Civil War, the park fell into disrepair. It began to be restored only in the 1930s and soon became the favourite place for Muscovites. In the 1990s, the park again fell into neglect. Its territory was again landscaped in 2011: ponds were cleaned, picnic areas were equipped, lawns were renovated, and sidewalks were repaired.

B. The memorial complex in honour of the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War was solemnly opened on May 9, 1995. This memorial park is a landmark place for veterans of the Great Patriotic War, who gather here on Victory Day annually, on May 9th. In addition, Victory Park is a popular place for winter and summer holidays for Muscovites and guests of the capital. Many Moscow families keep memorable photos taken there on their wedding day.

C. Whenever possible, Muscovites try to escape from the city, breathe in fresh, clean air with a full chest. This is what makes Izmailovsky Park so attractive. It was created in 1931, and since then its doors have been open to visitors at any time of the year. Guests are attracted by the naturalness of this place: it resembles a real forest. You can go down to the boat station, walk around the romantic promenade and visit the exhibition space, where free exhibitions, film screenings and master classes regularly take place.

D. The Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow is the largest in Europe, with a rich collection of plants of open and closed soil, numbering over 17 thousand species and varieties. It was founded in 1945 on the territory of Ostankino Park. The main task of the Botanical Garden is the preservation of biological diversity. But it is also a wonderful place for outdoor recreation — perhaps in a little more exotic conditions.

E. The Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy is the largest multifunctional exhibition, covering an area of more than 235 hectares. Every year it is visited by over 20 million Muscovites and guests of the capital. Today VDNH returns the status of the best exhibition site of the country and the most popular recreation and educational centre, where you can not only have a good rest, but also get new knowledge. VDNH is one of the best recreational areas in the city for hiking and cycling. For the convenience of guests a large pedestrian zone is organized, which occupies one third of the Exhibition area.

F. Gorky Central Park is one of the main parks of Moscow. It became the first world-class park in Russia, a space for recreation, sports, dancing and outdoor games. Free admission, Wi-Fi, new modern zones, a programme of events and attention to people — all this has turned Gorky Park into the centre of the capital’s life, making it one of the main points of attraction for both young people and family audiences. Interesting events, festivals and concerts are held in the park every weekend. In winter, guests are welcome in a skating rink and snowboard park.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. When did the Hermitage become a public museum?
2. What was the Hermitage building used for at first?
3. How many collections are there in the Hermitage?
4. How did the Hermitage collections grow in Soviet time?
5. How are the Hermitage collections popularized in Russia?
6. What day is celebrated by the Hermitage as the date of its foundation?
7. How large are the Hermitage Museum and its collections?

A. The State Hermitage Museum is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg. The second-largest art museum in the world, it was founded in 1764 when Empress Catherine the Great got an impressive collection of paintings from a Berlin merchant. The museum celebrates the anniversary each year on 7 December, Saint Catherine’s Day. It has been open to the public since 1852 and is the eighth among the most visited art museums in the world.

B. Its collections, of which only a small part is on permanent display, count over three million items, including the largest collection of paintings in the world. The collections occupy a large complex of six historic buildings including the Winter Palace, a former residence of Russian emperors. The museum has several exhibition centres abroad. Since July 1992, the director of the museum has been Mikhail Piotrovsky.

C. During the time of Catherine, the Hermitage was not a public museum and few people were allowed to view its treasure. The Hermitage buildings served as a home and workplace for nearly a thousand people, including the Imperial family. Many events were held in these buildings including masquerades for the nobility, grand receptions and ceremonies for state and government officials.

D. The Royal collection was greatly enriched during the next two centuries. In 1838, Nicholas I ordered to design a building for the public museum. The New Hermitage was opened to the public on 5 February 1852. Meanwhile, in 1851–1860, the interiors of the Old Hermitage were redesigned to accommodate the State Assembly, Cabinet of Ministers and state apartments.

E. Immediately after the Revolution of 1917 the Imperial Hermitage and the Winter Palace, the former Imperial residence, were proclaimed state museums. The range of the Hermitage’s exhibits was further expanded when private art collections from several palaces of the Russian Tsars and numerous private mansions were nationalized and redistributed among major Soviet state museums.

F. Russia-K, a Russian national television channel, has been presenting the various art collections of the Hermitage to the general public for years. There are a series of programmes that have been particularly successful. All of these programmes are organized by the Director of the Hermitage, Professor Mikhail Piotrovsky. Another programme created by the Hermitage was called ‘The Treasures of St. Petersburg,’ and was broadcast on the St. Petersburg regional television.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. Why did British people begin adding milk in their tea?
2. What is the right way to make tea?
3. Why are quick and easy meals popular nowadays?
4. How did tea drinking become a small meal?
5. What changes in their diet have the British had?
6. What kind of restaurants can be found everywhere around Britain?
7. Why was tea considered a healthy drink?

A. British attitude to what they eat daily has changed a lot over the past twenty years. In the 1990s each person ate about 352 grams of “red” meat each week, but now it’s less than 250 grams. People prefer chicken and fresh fish. And more people are interested in healthy eating these days. In 1988 the national average was 905 grams of fruit and fruit juices each week, but now it’s nearly 2,000 grams.

B. Twenty years ago, British people usually ate at home. They only went out for a meal at special times, like for somebody’s birthday. Today when both parents are working, they cannot cook large meals in the evenings. ‘Ready-made’ meals from supermarkets and Marks and Spencer and ‘take-away’ meals from fast food restaurants are very popular. If you are feeling tired or lazy, you can even phone a local restaurant. They will deliver the food to your house.

C. In the past, traditional steakhouses were very popular places, but now more and more people prefer foreign food. Every British town has Indian and Chinese restaurants, and large towns have restaurants from many other countries too.

D. The British population drinks a lot of tea. Tea — mostly green tea from China — came to Britain in the late 1500s. But it was only for the very rich. It became cheaper about three hundred years later, when it was planted in India and later in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). People from all classes started drinking it. But some people thought that too much tea was bad for their health. So they started putting milk in it to make it healthier!

E. Afternoon tea is a small meal. Now most ordinary British families do not have time for afternoon tea at home, but in the past it was a tradition. It became popular when rich ladies invited their friends to their houses for an afternoon cup of tea. They started offering their visitors sandwiches and cakes too. Soon everybody was enjoying this exciting new meal.

F. Most people today use teabags to make tea, but some serious drinkers make tea in the traditional way. First the water is boiled. Then some of the boiled water is used to warm the teapot. Then the tealeaves are put in the teapot. Then the boiling water is added. Then the pot is left for five minutes under a “tea cosy”. Finally, the tea is served in delicate cups with saucers.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. How did the athletes celebrate the anniversary of women’s participation in the Olympic Games?
2. How did women protest against sexual discrimination?
3. Why were the Olympic Games brought back?
4. When were all wars stopped?
5. Why wasn’t one woman punished for her presence at the stadium?
6. What amazed fans at the stadium?
7. What is the greatest thrill of the Olympic Games?

A. Today’s Olympic Games are very different from the first ones, which were held every fourth summer in Ancient Greece 2,800 years ago. At that time all wars were stopped for a period of the Games. Women couldn’t play; they weren’t even allowed to watch. Athletes competed without any clothes on! The early events were footraces. Later, wrestling, javelin, discus, jumping and other events were added. Athletes became stars in those days, too. There were no TV commercials, but winners’ images often appeared on coins or as statues after their victories. In 394, the Roman Emperor ended the ancient Olympics and they weren’t renewed until many centuries later.

B. In 1896, a Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin began working to bring back the Olympics. He hoped that the Games would help to promote peace among nations. Two years later, the first modern Olympics took place. Of course, they were held in Greece to symbolise the continuation of the centuries-old tradition. The Olympics have changed with the times. The first events for women were held in 1900. Many sports were added. That year, for the first time, women competed in the same number of team sports as men.

C. One of the most famous Olympic traditions is the lighting of the Olympic flame. Australian athlete Cathy Freeman carried the Olympic torch up a white stairway, walking through water to light the flame on stage. Freeman is an Aborigine, which means her ancestors were the first people to inhabit Australia. She was the last of six Australian women to carry the torch at the end of its four-month’s journey to the Olympic Stadium. These women carried the torch to its final destination to celebrate the 100th anniversary of women’s participation in the Games.

D. Smoke, fire, music, dancing, horses and marching bands amazed fans as they cheered teams from all over the world at the opening ceremony. The closing ceremony was even more spectacular — with giant shrimp on bicycles, shiny robots on stilts, a Frankenstein kangaroo and a huge inflatable eyeball. Fireworks — the biggest the world had ever seen — lit up the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

E. The Olympic Games aren’t just about winning. The real thrill is competing against the best players on earth. In other words, “Every athlete wants to face an opponent who’s having the performance of a lifetime. That is when you truly find that you are the best.” It was in the early Olympic Games, the same is true nowadays.

F. In old times women were neither allowed to take part in the Olympic Games or even to watch them at the stadium. For violating of these rules women could be severely punished and even executed. There was a single exception, when a woman coached her son and accompanied him to the stadium in men’s clothes. She wasn’t punished only because her son showed fine results in many sports events.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What great sports event symbolises the unity of nations?
2. What modern sports event has deep national roots?
3. Why is sport so necessary for everybody?
4. What historical event started modern sports traditions?
5. What kind of entertainment could have tragic results?
6. What group of people was discriminated at first?
7. What country became the birthplace of numerous kinds of sports?

A. Sport is probably as old as humanity itself. It has been developing with the growth of mankind. All over the world people of different ages are very fond of sports and games. Sport not only helps people to become strong and to develop physically but also makes them more organised and better disciplined in their daily activities. We all need exercise. Regular exercises give you more energy. That is why many people who suffer from general tiredness should take more exercise as it makes them feel and look better.

B. The British are known to be great sports-lovers, so when they are neither playing nor watching games, they like to talk about them. Football is, maybe, the most popular sport in the UK. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own Football Leagues and National teams. Many of the games we play now come from Britain. The British invented many of the sports now played worldwide, including football, tennis, badminton, cricket and golf.

C. During the 1993 Fair in St. Louis Mr Hatch decided to bungee jump. He arrived at 10.30 a.m., signed the release document and was lifted in the bungee cage 170 feet above the ground. His jump was being filmed by a local television station. The bungee master told him that he had to attach the bungee cord. Unfortunately, he forgot to attach the other end of the bungee cord and Mr Hatch flew 170 feet to the airbag on the ground. Due to the serious injuries he suffered, the jury awarded him $5,000,000 against both the Fair Foundation and the bungee jump operator.

D. The original Olympic Games began in Ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These games were part of the festival held every fourth year in honour of the God, Zeus, at a place called Mount Olympus. It was a great athletic festival, including the competitions in wrestling, foot racing, chariot racing, rowing and others. The games were for man only. Greek women were forbidden not only to participate in competitions but also to attend the Olympics.

E. Scottish Highland Games attract large numbers of spectators from all over the world. These meetings are held every year in different places of Scottish Highlands. They include the clans led by their pipers, dressed in kilts, who march round the arena. No one knows exactly when the men of the Highlands first gathered to wrestle, toss cabers, throw hammers, dance and play music. The Games reflected the hard life of the early Scots. They had to handle timber, lift rocks to build the houses, hunt etc. The contests of the Highland Games have developed from such activities.

F. The world’s greatest international sports games are known as the Olympic Games. The Olympic idea means friendship, fraternity and cooperation among the people of the world. The Olympic movement proves that real peace can be achieved through sport. The Olympic emblem is five interlinking rings: blue, yellow, green, black and red. Any national flag contains at least one of these colours.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What can the rise of temperature lead to?
2. What region can be mostly affected by climate changes?
3. What is the disastrous result of industrial development?
4. How should people change their outlook and lifestyle?
5. What is the main tendency of climate changes everywhere?
6. Why do people react so emotionally to climate changes?
7. How long have people watched climate changes?

A. Jerome K. Jerome said that we are never happy with the weather. The weather, like the government, is always in the wrong. But something has been really wrong with it lately. Droughts, wildfires, landslides, avalanches, gales, tornadoes, floods... All over Europe it’s the same story. The weather is definitely getting worse and the so-called extreme weather events are becoming more and more frequent.

B. Greenhouse effect is actually a natural feature of our atmosphere without which life on our planet would be impossible. Certain atmospheric gases (the most important of them is carbon dioxide — CO₂) work as a kind of blanket, keeping the Earth warm. The amount of these ‘greenhouse’ gases used to be more or less the same for centuries. But the industrial revolution changed this steadiness. Because of heavy industry and other human activities the amounts of CO₂ and other gases have increased by 30%.

C. Climate experts predict that by 2050 the global average temperature will rise by 2–3 degrees. Northern regions will be wetter and warmer, southern regions will be drier and hotter. Forests will grow instead of tundra in Siberia. It’ll be possible to grow grapes in Britain. Not so bad so far. But parts of Spain, Italy and Greece will turn as dry as a desert. Snow will melt in the Alps and other mountains, and the water will cause floods, landslides and avalanches.

D. Moreover, some experts argue that the short-term global warming will lead to a more catastrophic long-term global cooling. As the arctic ice cap melts, a flow of fresh water will change currents, including the Gulf Stream, which now keeps Europe warm. Certainly we can cheer ourselves up with the idea that this forecast is far from proven. After all, people began to measure temperature not so long ago. The climatologic history of the world is long and man’s knowledge of it is short.

E. But it doesn’t mean that we can just sit and wait. Since the global warming is the result of air pollution, the main thing is to lower greenhouse gases emissions. People should use clean energy, such as wind, solar and wave power, which do not emit greenhouse gases. If we recycle cans and paper, take public transport and think about energy efficiency in the home — switching off unused lights, for example, we’ll reduce the threat of global climate change.

F. The Arctic is extremely vulnerable to climate change. The region is warming much more rapidly than the global average. Scientists state that the winter warming of northern regions by the end of the century will be at least 40 percent greater than the global warming. Temperature increases for the central Arctic are projected to be about 3–4°C during the next 50 years. Even an optimistic scenario predicts a result of a 4°C increase in autumn and winter average temperatures in the Arctic by the end of this century.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What programmes were created to improve children’s life?
2. Why did certain political groups start using violence?
3. Why did women start to fight for their rights?
4. What was the history of terrorism?
5. How did governments start to fight for human rights?
6. What makes terrorism more dangerous nowadays?
7. Does everybody agree with the ideas of women’s movement?

A. The modern women’s liberation movement began in the 1960’s. It was started by women who were concerned about their role in the society and their work. Many women want full equality with men in every aspect of life. In marriage, they want husbands and wives to share all the work and responsibilities of a home and a family. At work they want women and men to have the same jobs and the same chances to succeed. They want women to be paid just as much as men for the same work.

B. Many people agree with the ideas and aims of women’s liberation. They feel that women ought to be considered equal to men in every way. They feel that a woman should be able to decide to stay at home and raise a family or to stay at home and not raise a family or to go out and work or to have a job outside the home and family as well. Other people are opposed to women’s liberation.

C. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) country programmes were formulated in consultations with governments. They include cooperation with people from all parts of society including government agencies, non-governmental organizations, community leaders, teachers, parents and children. More than 130 countries receive UNICEF support for primary health care, food, basic education and water and sanitation programmes.

D. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against governments, the public people or individuals to achieve some political aims. Terrorism has been used by political organization, by nationalistic and ethnic groups, by revolutionaries and by the armies and secret police of governments themselves. In the 20th century terrorism became the trait of a number of political movements, groups or even individuals who were trying to destabilize or overthrow existing political institutions.

E. Modern terrorism differs from that of the past because its victims are often innocent people who are just picked up by chance or who simply happen to get into terrorist situations. Violent acts often include kidnappings, assassinations, hijackings, bombing and etc. The universal availability of weapons, explosives, complicated devices along with the global communication revolution adds to the terrorists’ capabilities.

F. In 1945 leaders from fifty-one countries met in San Francisco and organised the United Nations. World War II just ended, millions of people had died and there was destruction everywhere. People hoped they could build a future of world peace with this new organization. Today, almost every country in the world is a member of the UN. Each country has signed an agreement that says it will help the UN in its actions or international peace and human rights to all people. It also says that all members promise to solve international problems in a peaceful way, and no member will use force against another member.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What goods were made from the plant, the symbol of Scotland?
2. What is the national sporting event of the country?
3. What endangered plants grow in the Scottish Highlands?
4. What plant brings luck and success?
5. What is the stereotype of Scotland like?
6. Why is Scotland an attractive place for those who love sports?
7. What is the modern profile of Scotland like?

A. Thanks to television and films, Scotland is often seen by the rest of the world as a magical country, a land of misty mountains and the home of a lake creature called Nessie. This is the image most people have in mind. The truth, however, is completely different from the way the world thinks of Scotland. You may be surprised to find out that most Scots live in the lowlands and don’t believe in Nessie.

B. Scotland is much more than green hills and picturesque valleys. It’s dynamic and cosmopolitan, with a colourful history of invention and innovation. It’s the home of big businesses and a centre of new medical and scientific development. Each year, it hosts the world’s biggest contemporary arts festivals.

C. Scottish heather, a small bush with flowers, is the floral symbol of the country. The colour of the flowers usually varies from purple to lilac, but they can also be white. In the past, the Scots believed that they would never be captured by enemies and would win victories if they wore white heather. Today, when getting married, girls add white heather to bouquets to bring fortune to their family.

D. Heather has grown in Scotland as far back as its history goes. It is an essential thing for any household. Famous heather honey is rich in minerals, and was traditionally used in medicinal drinks. Traditionally dried heather was used to make perfumes, and the tough stems were used to make ropes. On many of the northern Scottish islands, heather was used in the construction of houses.

E. Scotland is an excellent destination for open-air activities all year round. Its lakes and coastline are ideal for boating and rowing and have some of the best sea-kayaking in the world. The rivers are perfect for fishing and the mountains are wonderful for hill climbing and skiing. Scotland is also good for walkers. You can enjoy easy family walks or more difficult mountain hikes.

F. The history of Scotland is rich in armed conflicts. The Scots have always valued physical power and the skills needed for battle and survival. That’s why the Highland Games were very popular. They date back to long before Scotland’s written history. The Games are still held today and include the athletic competitions in their original form as well as dancing contests. Traditional bagpipe music accompanies all the events.