Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 8. In Stacey’s story The Pull the central characters are … 1) good friends. 2) reserved people. 3) complete opposites.

Presenter: Hello everybody and welcome to our weekly programme 'The Writer's Workshop'. Today in our studio we have Stacey Swan, a prize-winning short fiction writer, an editor and an educator. Hello, Stacey. Stacey: Good afternoon. Thank you for inviting me here today. Presenter: You're currently spending much time editing other writers' work for American Short Fiction. How does it affect your own work? Stacey: I think my time at American Short Fiction had a huge impact on my learning curve as a writer. I started volunteering as a reader there while I was still in grad school, and for the next seven years or so, I read dozens of submissions a month. For some reason, it is so much easier to see the flaws in our own work after we've seen them in someone else's. My primary agenda, though, was always whether or not I thought the story would be a good fit for the journal, but subconsciously, I was probably filing away plenty of things to steal. Presenter: As a writer, what do you think about drafting and drafts? Stacey: I teach a course of creative writing at university, and I always tell my writing students that while they are drafting, they should lock their internal critic in the trunk of their car and just drive. I find revision easier and more enjoyable than drafting, and that's mostly because the internal critic is so bad while I draft. If I don't put him away, he'll drive me away from the computer. Presenter: You must be doing a lot of editing later, then. Stacey: Of course. My first drafts are huge messes, and it can take me multiple revisions to even pin down the basic plot arc. I used to think revision was one hundred percent about the critical brain, because that's the only part I use when editing others. I certainly wouldn't want to let my free-writing brain loose on someone else's work, but I'm starting to think there may be room for it when I revise my own. Presenter: Your recent story, 'The Pull', has enjoyed tremendous success. Why do you think the readers loved it so much? Stacey: Well, I tend to explain it by the fact that the story traps together two incompatible characters, though I can't say I did it on purpose. When it comes to drafting fiction, I always like to say that my sub-consciousness is way smarter than my conscious brain. I didn't set out to make the central characters incompatible, but I suspect that my sub-consciousness, after so many years of writing, tends to maximise tension when it can. I did intentionally want the relationship to make my characters feel trapped and limited, though. Presenter: The story has the dogs of the main characters. How did you make the parallel? Highly literary and artificial by nature, seems so natural. Stacey: I'm glad you found the parallel natural. The naturalness probably stems from the fact that I didn't start out with the dog and people parallel in mind. Indeed, the parallel between the human couple and dog couple — the dogs can't help fighting — is very clear and seems intentional, and yet it's not at all awkward or forced. Perhaps it's just the old saying about dog owners resembling their dogs. Presenter: How do you manage to give such clear definitions to your characters? Stacey: The final version of my stories is usually not that different from how they come out on the first draft. It's likely that I'm nailing down my characters for myself as a writer before I let them loose in a scene. I suspect this is because of the short fiction I was reading at the time and the overall atmosphere of my MFA programme, where I got my training as a short story writer. Presenter: Thank you, Stacey. It has been very interesting talking to you. Stacey: Thank you.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 9. Which of the following is TRUE about the story The Pull? 1) Dogs play a big part in the story. 2) Stacey copied the dogs from her pets. 3) Dogs fight with people in the story.

Presenter: Hello everybody and welcome to our weekly programme 'The Writer's Workshop'. Today in our studio we have Stacey Swan, a prize-winning short fiction writer, an editor and an educator. Hello, Stacey. Stacey: Good afternoon. Thank you for inviting me here today. Presenter: You're currently spending much time editing other writers' work for American Short Fiction. How does it affect your own work? Stacey: I think my time at American Short Fiction had a huge impact on my learning curve as a writer. I started volunteering as a reader there while I was still in grad school, and for the next seven years or so, I read dozens of submissions a month. For some reason, it is so much easier to see the flaws in our own work after we've seen them in someone else's. My primary agenda, though, was always whether or not I thought the story would be a good fit for the journal, but subconsciously, I was probably filing away plenty of things to steal. Presenter: As a writer, what do you think about drafting and drafts? Stacey: I teach a course of creative writing at university, and I always tell my writing students that while they are drafting, they should lock their internal critic in the trunk of their car and just drive. I find revision easier and more enjoyable than drafting, and that's mostly because the internal critic is so bad while I draft. If I don't put him away, he'll drive me away from the computer. Presenter: You must be doing a lot of editing later, then. Stacey: Of course. My first drafts are huge messes, and it can take me multiple revisions to even pin down the basic plot arc. I used to think revision was one hundred percent about the critical brain, because that's the only part I use when editing others. I certainly wouldn't want to let my free-writing brain loose on someone else's work, but I'm starting to think there may be room for it when I revise my own. Presenter: Your recent story, 'The Pull', has enjoyed tremendous success. Why do you think the readers loved it so much? Stacey: Well, I tend to explain it by the fact that the story traps together two incompatible characters, though I can't say I did it on purpose. When it comes to drafting fiction, I always like to say that my sub-consciousness is way smarter than my conscious brain. I didn't set out to make the central characters incompatible, but I suspect that my sub-consciousness, after so many years of writing, tends to maximise tension when it can. I did intentionally want the relationship to make my characters feel trapped and limited, though. Presenter: The story has the dogs of the main characters. How did you make the parallel? Highly literary and artificial by nature, seems so natural. Stacey: I'm glad you found the parallel natural. The naturalness probably stems from the fact that I didn't start out with the dog and people parallel in mind. Indeed, the parallel between the human couple and dog couple — the dogs can't help fighting — is very clear and seems intentional, and yet it's not at all awkward or forced. Perhaps it's just the old saying about dog owners resembling their dogs. Presenter: How do you manage to give such clear definitions to your characters? Stacey: The final version of my stories is usually not that different from how they come out on the first draft. It's likely that I'm nailing down my characters for myself as a writer before I let them loose in a scene. I suspect this is because of the short fiction I was reading at the time and the overall atmosphere of my MFA programme, where I got my training as a short story writer. Presenter: Thank you, Stacey. It has been very interesting talking to you. Stacey: Thank you.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 3. What does the presenter NOT say about Peter Grey at the beginning of the interview? 1) He is a well-known expert. 2) He runs a blog on psychology. 3) He often gives radio interviews.

Presenter: Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our daily radio programme, 'People and Relationships'. Today, we continue to speak about building friendship, and our honoured guest today is Peter Gray, the famous psychologist and blogger. Hello, Peter. Peter: Good morning. Thank you for inviting me here today. Presenter: Peter, what do you think is the most important thing to do for people when they are trying to make new friends? Peter: I would say it is opening your heart to the person you are trying to make friends with. Going out together is not so important as being sincere. Having much in common is not as important as believing in the goodness of others. You can't form any connection if you mistrust others or you are fearful that things won't work out. It'll send the wrong vibes and cause them to close off their hearts to you too. Presenter: That can't be a very easy thing to do. Do you do it yourself? Peter: Absolutely. One simple example is how I open myself to all of you fully on my blog, and in return I attract readers who are genuine, supportive and kind. I'm not sure about other communities online, but I know my blog readers exude authenticity and love. I know that because I can feel the warmth from all of them in their emails, comments or messages. Presenter: How can we get to know the person as an individual better? You can easily do it by asking questions. Here are some questions to consider. You may ask about jobs and hobbies, past achievements and upcoming goals and priorities, values, dreams, passions and things like that. Even if a person gives you quite a superficial answer, it will still tell you a lot about them. Presenter: What is the most common mistake we make while meeting new people? Peter: Some people try to change themselves to make new friends and this is totally wrong. In fact, that's the worst thing you can do. I mean, it may be great initially to get those new friends but the friendship was established with you being a different person. In the long run, it'll be tiring to uphold a new image and, in the end, your new friends will feel cheated because you are not the person they befriended. Presenter: So the best thing is just being yourself, isn't it? Peter: That's exactly what I mean. That way, potential new friends will know you as you and they'll use that to decide if they want to take the friendship a step further. It's all about being you. The truest friendships are built with both parties accepting each other for who they are. Presenter: Supposing you've made a new friend. How does one develop this friendship? Peter: A friendship is a supportive union between two people. Is there anything you can help your friends with? However, when you help your friends, don't do so with the expectation of being helped next time. Rather, help unconditionally. Treat them with emotional generosity. Give because you want to, not because you feel obliged to. I find that the satisfaction I get from helping others and knowing they are better off is a reward greater than anything I can get in return. Presenter: Modern people are busy and find it hard to maintain the friendship. What would you say about this problem? Peter: I think we should make a conscious effort to stay in touch. Ask your friends out every once in a while. There's no need to meet up every few days or once a week. Catching up once a month or once every few months might be sufficient. The strength of your relationship is not measured by how frequently you meet. Presenter: Thank you very much, Peter. Peter: Thank you.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 4. To make new friends, people should ... 1) trust each other. 2) go to parties together. 3) share interests.

Presenter: Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our daily radio programme, 'People and Relationships'. Today, we continue to speak about building friendship, and our honoured guest today is Peter Gray, the famous psychologist and blogger. Hello, Peter. Peter: Good morning. Thank you for inviting me here today. Presenter: Peter, what do you think is the most important thing to do for people when they are trying to make new friends? Peter: I would say it is opening your heart to the person you are trying to make friends with. Going out together is not so important as being sincere. Having much in common is not as important as believing in the goodness of others. You can't form any connection if you mistrust others or you are fearful that things won't work out. It'll send the wrong vibes and cause them to close off their hearts to you too. Presenter: That can't be a very easy thing to do. Do you do it yourself? Peter: Absolutely. One simple example is how I open myself to all of you fully on my blog, and in return I attract readers who are genuine, supportive and kind. I'm not sure about other communities online, but I know my blog readers exude authenticity and love. I know that because I can feel the warmth from all of them in their emails, comments or messages. Presenter: How can we get to know the person as an individual better? You can easily do it by asking questions. Here are some questions to consider. You may ask about jobs and hobbies, past achievements and upcoming goals and priorities, values, dreams, passions and things like that. Even if a person gives you quite a superficial answer, it will still tell you a lot about them. Presenter: What is the most common mistake we make while meeting new people? Peter: Some people try to change themselves to make new friends and this is totally wrong. In fact, that's the worst thing you can do. I mean, it may be great initially to get those new friends but the friendship was established with you being a different person. In the long run, it'll be tiring to uphold a new image and, in the end, your new friends will feel cheated because you are not the person they befriended. Presenter: So the best thing is just being yourself, isn't it? Peter: That's exactly what I mean. That way, potential new friends will know you as you and they'll use that to decide if they want to take the friendship a step further. It's all about being you. The truest friendships are built with both parties accepting each other for who they are. Presenter: Supposing you've made a new friend. How does one develop this friendship? Peter: A friendship is a supportive union between two people. Is there anything you can help your friends with? However, when you help your friends, don't do so with the expectation of being helped next time. Rather, help unconditionally. Treat them with emotional generosity. Give because you want to, not because you feel obliged to. I find that the satisfaction I get from helping others and knowing they are better off is a reward greater than anything I can get in return. Presenter: Modern people are busy and find it hard to maintain the friendship. What would you say about this problem? Peter: I think we should make a conscious effort to stay in touch. Ask your friends out every once in a while. There's no need to meet up every few days or once a week. Catching up once a month or once every few months might be sufficient. The strength of your relationship is not measured by how frequently you meet. Presenter: Thank you very much, Peter. Peter: Thank you.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 5. How does Peter characterize his readers? 1) Aloof 2) Caring 3) Distant

Presenter: Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our daily radio programme, 'People and Relationships'. Today, we continue to speak about building friendship, and our honoured guest today is Peter Gray, the famous psychologist and blogger. Hello, Peter. Peter: Good morning. Thank you for inviting me here today. Presenter: Peter, what do you think is the most important thing to do for people when they are trying to make new friends? Peter: I would say it is opening your heart to the person you are trying to make friends with. Going out together is not so important as being sincere. Having much in common is not as important as believing in the goodness of others. You can't form any connection if you mistrust others or you are fearful that things won't work out. It'll send the wrong vibes and cause them to close off their hearts to you too. Presenter: That can't be a very easy thing to do. Do you do it yourself? Peter: Absolutely. One simple example is how I open myself to all of you fully on my blog, and in return I attract readers who are genuine, supportive and kind. I'm not sure about other communities online, but I know my blog readers exude authenticity and love. I know that because I can feel the warmth from all of them in their emails, comments or messages. Presenter: How can we get to know the person as an individual better? You can easily do it by asking questions. Here are some questions to consider. You may ask about jobs and hobbies, past achievements and upcoming goals and priorities, values, dreams, passions and things like that. Even if a person gives you quite a superficial answer, it will still tell you a lot about them. Presenter: What is the most common mistake we make while meeting new people? Peter: Some people try to change themselves to make new friends and this is totally wrong. In fact, that's the worst thing you can do. I mean, it may be great initially to get those new friends but the friendship was established with you being a different person. In the long run, it'll be tiring to uphold a new image and, in the end, your new friends will feel cheated because you are not the person they befriended. Presenter: So the best thing is just being yourself, isn't it? Peter: That's exactly what I mean. That way, potential new friends will know you as you and they'll use that to decide if they want to take the friendship a step further. It's all about being you. The truest friendships are built with both parties accepting each other for who they are. Presenter: Supposing you've made a new friend. How does one develop this friendship? Peter: A friendship is a supportive union between two people. Is there anything you can help your friends with? However, when you help your friends, don't do so with the expectation of being helped next time. Rather, help unconditionally. Treat them with emotional generosity. Give because you want to, not because you feel obliged to. I find that the satisfaction I get from helping others and knowing they are better off is a reward greater than anything I can get in return. Presenter: Modern people are busy and find it hard to maintain the friendship. What would you say about this problem? Peter: I think we should make a conscious effort to stay in touch. Ask your friends out every once in a while. There's no need to meet up every few days or once a week. Catching up once a month or once every few months might be sufficient. The strength of your relationship is not measured by how frequently you meet. Presenter: Thank you very much, Peter. Peter: Thank you.