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Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. Ways to save
2. Inexpensive but unreliable
3. For warmer seasons
4. Far from busy cities
5. Do not get confused
6. Options to choose from
7. The least popular
8. Both benefits and downsides

A.The first big decision when visiting England is whether to travel by private car or use the extensive public transport system. Having your own car means you can make the best use of time and reach remote places, but rental and fuel costs can be expensive, and there are always traffic delays to put up with. Public transport, which includes a reliable system of trains and coaches (buses), is often the better choice for getting around in the United Kingdom. Aside from London, England’s city centres with multiple pedestrian streets are very walkable, too.

B.For long-distance travel around England, trains are generally faster and more comfortable than buses but are usually much more expensive. The English like to moan about their trains, but around 85% run on time, and major stations are well-equipped – with super helpful staff and a range of food outlets. If you leave booking your ticket to the last minute, fares can be disproportionally high, so it is always worth booking as far in advance as you can. Sometimes buying two single tickets can be cheaper than buying a return.

C.Long-distance buses are known as coaches in the UK, and services run between most major towns and cities. If you are on a tight budget, coaches are nearly always the cheapest way to get around England, although they are also the slowest and sometimes late. If you book early or travel at off-peak periods, coach tickets can be very cheap. If you are going to the airport, then take a faster train or taxi for peace of mind that you will make it in time for your flight. The two major coach companies are National Express and Megabus.

D.Travelling by car or motorcycle around England means you have more independence and flexibility, and you can reach more remote parts of the country. Minuses for drivers include regular traffic jams, the high price of fuel, the cost of insurance, and parking fees in cities and tourist towns. Compared with many countries, car-hire is expensive in England. If you have time, by using a mix of train, bus, taxi, walking and occasionally hiring a bike, you can get almost anywhere in England without having to drive.

E.Hiring a bike – for an afternoon, a day, or a week or longer – is a great way to really explore a small region or see England’s great outdoors. Some cities have bike-share schemes, while others have longer-term bike-rental shops. England also has a growing network of long-distance cycling routes that may inspire you to explore more of the country by bicycle. Only a handful of cities have an adequate system of dedicated bike lanes, so it is best to enjoy cycling in more rural and off-the beaten-track locations, particularly during the warmer seasons.

F.England doesn’t have a big network of domestic flights due to its small size, but there are some long cross-country routes that are awkward, costly and time-consuming if you travel by train (e.g. the trip from Exeter or Southampton to Newcastle). However, you’ll still pay at least a hundred pounds for one of these flights, and the time saved becomes less beneficial once transit times and the journey to and from the airport are taken into account. Considering the short distances and high carbon cost, many people prefer not to fly.

G.English cities usually have good public-transport systems. These services can be run by a puzzling number of separate companies. There is usually enough information at each stop or station to find the right one. Staff in tourist offices are always happy to help. Local bus services work year-round in cities and towns, except on Christmas Day, and sometimes also Boxing Day. Sundays also see fewer services. CityMapper is a handy app for planning the quickest journey between points, especially if you are combining transport options.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. For the strong and adventurous
2. Conquering cold waves
3. Watching predators and prey
4. How locals live and entertain
5. Nature and activities to enjoy
6. Impressive but difficult to reach
7. Hot water, cold air
8. Closer to wildlife

A.At the edge of Russia, on the Pacific Ocean, there is the distinctive Kamchatka peninsula, famous for its rich natural diversity. This land is surrounded by rough ocean waters, in the interior lie fiery volcanoes and boiling, steaming geysers. Some 300 volcanoes, 29 of which are active, make up nearly 40% of the peninsula. But Kamchatka’s landscapes and natural diversity are not the only things to attract the travellers from far and wide: the area is also rich in opportunities for extreme sports. Make your adventures in Kamchatka unforgettable.

B.Surfing in Bali is no big deal these days: the hot sun, the warm ocean, coconuts, bananas… We’ve seen it all! How about surfing in the chilly waters of the Pacific in Kamchatka? One of Kamchatka’s best surf destinations is Khalaktyrsky beach. You can catch waves here almost all year long: the hardiest of surfers are ready to jump in in sub-zero temperatures. Naturally, the best time to surf is summer when surf schools and equipment rental places are open for business. You don’t feel the cold in a wetsuit!

C.The Kamchatka peninsula is washed by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea to the northeast and by the Sea of Okhotsk to the west. One of the best ways to explore the rugged coastline is to take a long trip by kayak. On the water, you’ll find yourself face to face with wild nature: you can get acquainted with sea lions, seals, killer whales and other sea creatures, and see the most beautiful, secluded bays, islands, headlands and lakes inland. You’re going to be taking numerous pictures of the seals and sea lions as they bask in the sun.

D.With vast numbers of fish, it is no wonder that Lake Kuril attracts over 200 Kamchatka brown bears who visit the lake to fish. Across the whole peninsula, there are around 20,000 bears altogether – that’s one bear to every 15 human inhabitants. Over the years, the animals on Lake Kuril have adapted to life alongside humans. Therefore, you can observe the bears and their prey close up as they show no signs of aggression. An experienced guide knows exactly where to observe them to make your adventure absolutely safe.

E.Discovered as recently as 1941, the Valley of Geysers in the Kronotsky Reserve in Kamchatka is one of the world’s largest geyser fields and is the only one in Eurasia. In a cramped 8 square kilometer piece of land there are over 40 powerful spouting geysers, not to mention hot springs, mud pools, thermal sites, waterfalls, all surrounded by volcanoes. As dangerous as any of these places seem, there are special paths for travellers. You can only get to the valley by air, so take a helicopter tour and face the raw power of Mother Nature.

F.If you feel comfortable on the runs at Alpine resorts and consider yourself experienced, Kamchatka will surprise you: imagine skiing down the slopes of an active volcano with breathtaking views over the Pacific! This is no fantasy: we suggest experienced riders try heli-skiing! Fly to the highest volcanoes’ peaks by helicopter, then enjoy the buzz of skiing the untouched slopes with awesome views of the not-so-distant Pacific. Such an activity requires skiers to be in great shape physically, and to have the love of an adrenaline rush.

G.Kamchatka is a very harsh place to live, yet people have lived here for centuries. In order to survive, they had to learn to live in harmony with nature. That led to the development of rituals that are still performed. When you visit, you can see how the indigenous people of Kamchatka have been living for generations in the village of Pimchakh that is open to visitors. Shortage of snow is never an issue, so the locals happily indulge in competitive and recreational dog sled races. You should certainly put a short dog sled trip on your bucket list.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. Famous cats
2. Books about cats
3. Figuratively speaking
4. Cats through history
5. Cats in cinematography
6. Why keep a cat?
7. A cat in your mobile
8. A cat or a dog?

A.Cats are among the most popular pets in the world. People love them because they are very smart, agile, sly and independent. The most common reasons why people choose cats as pets are because they are beautiful, clean, low maintenance and mostly self sufficient. Cats may not demonstrate their love and affection for their master openly but they do it in very subtle ways. Cats can sense your mood, especially your depression, and try to help you to get out of this bad emotional state.

B.Cats have been around humans for centuries and their perception by humans has varied over time. In ancient Egypt, for example, cats were almost considered gods. We know of Bastet, a domestic feline goddess of motherhood. Killing a cat, even by accident, was a serious crime. Still, there were times when cats were considered to bring bad luck, like in Europe in the Middle Ages. So, from country to country and from epoch to epoch, the attitude of people to cats has changed greatly.

C.Among the most enjoyable of reads are adult fiction cat stories. There is a certain something about cat characters. They demonstrate resourcefulness like no human can. Their inventiveness and creativity are magical and they can do incredible things. One of top book cats is Oliver from the story The Cat Who Saved Christmas by Sheila Norton. Another author who loves writing fictional stories about cats is Rita Mae Brown. Share these ones with kids – they’ll love them!

D.Cats rule the Internet, but not all cats were created equal. Some of the cats are A-listers whether they are famous for their good looks or their remarkable stories. One of such cats is The Grumpy Cat as it always looks annoyed. There is also the Business Cat Emilio that lives in one of the offices of a big corporation and wears a collar and a tie. It’s supposed to bring luck to the firm. The Queen of the Internet is Venus, a cat whose face is half black half red plus its eyes are blue and green.

E.Not every parent is eager to get a cat as a pet for their kids. However, children, especially girls, want to get a cat so much that they buy fluffy cat toys and everything with cats on it – dresses, handbags, notebooks and so on. Now a cat lover can download a special App in their mobile and enjoy washing, feeding and stroking a virtual cat. The cat may even talk to you and play games with you. That seems to be a good solution for those who are not inclined to get a real cat.

F.Everybody likes cats, so these fluffy creatures are often featured in films, sometimes even as one of the main characters. In fact, cats are as much loved as dogs, so it’s a safe bet to make a film about cats. Still, cats are much more difficult to train than dogs so there also tend to be fewer cat movies compared to dog movies. Cat lovers also enjoy fictional cats and cats in cartoons. Actually, in some people’s opinion, cartoons about cats are even better than feature films.

G.Learning English you come across a lot of idioms with the word cat. The meaning of many such expressions can be easily guessed by a non-native speaker of English. For example, you hear the phrase to let the cat out of the bag, you immediately understand it means a secret has been revealed. Some of these expressions, though, are difficult to understand. For example, if a person is a cool cat, he or she is fashionable, and a fat cat means a person who is quite rich.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. The transport system
2. From the history of Madrid
3. A rich place
4. Key facts
5. Late to bed, late to rise
6. The city and its geography
7. Something for anyone
8. A city of variety

A.Madrid is the capital of Spain. It is also Spain’s arts and financial centre. Madrid was officially made the national capital by Philip III, an entire generation after Philip II took the court to Madrid in 1561. Under the patronage of Philip II and his successors, Madrid developed into a city of curious contrasts, preserving its old, overcrowded centre, around which developed palaces, convents, churches, and public buildings. The population of the city now is more than 3 million people.

B.Madrid lies almost exactly at the geographical heart of the Iberian Peninsula. It is situated on a plateau of sand and clay at an elevation of some 2,120 feet (646 metres) above sea level, making it one of the highest-located capitals in Europe. This location is partly responsible for the weather pattern of cold, crisp winters accompanied by sharp winds. Sudden variations of temperature are possible, but summers are consistently dry and hot. Autumn is the best season for visitors.

C.Madrid is a city of contrasting styles, reflecting clearly the different periods in which change and development took place. The old centre, a maze of small streets around a few squares in the vicinity of the imposing Plaza Mayor, contrasts with the Neoclassical buildings and grand boulevards created by the best architects of their day. Modern office buildings in the centre and apartment blocks around the outskirts reflect the styles and economic realities of present-day development.

D.The local population of Madrid is often referred to as ‘cats’, partly due to the local lifestyle and the late hours kept by the city’s inhabitants, although keeping late hours is also common in other parts of Spain, especially in the heat of summer. People eat late, theatres and cinemas begin performances late, and the siesta is by no means dead, although the introduction of modern business methods and the influx of foreign interests have tended to alter the traditional workday.

E.Being the centre of government, finance, and insurance has long contributed to the prosperity of the capital, as have tourism and the city’s position as Spain’s transportation hub. Following the Spanish Civil War (1936 – 39), the city became an important manufacturing centre for the automotive and aircraft industries and for electric and electronic equipment, metallurgical manufactures, and optics, as well as for the production of plastics, rubber, and consumer goods.

F.The road and rail systems both come to the capital from all corners of the country. A subway system, the Metro, serves Madrid with various lines that extend throughout the city. Barajas Airport – Madrid’s international airport – lies about 8 miles (13 km) east of the city. A motorway (expressway) system encircles Madrid in a roughly pentagonal shape, coming to a point in the south. Other major motorways radiate from the encircling artery in all directions.

G.Modern Madrid has attractions for all people. Las Ventas, which is the largest bullring in Spain with a capacity of some 25,000 people, is where you can watch famous Spanish bullfights. For football fans there is always a game of football to watch at any of the stadiums located in Madrid. The verbenas, special fiestas held in each quarter in honour of its patron saint, are popular events, especially during warm weather. There are more than 40 parks and public gardens, churches and museums.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. The beginning of animation
2. Language differences
3. Fewer than in real life
4. Important rules
5. Keep it simple
6. Different parts in one
7. Drawn secretly
8. The best drawn character

A.While all of the characters and places in Disney’s animation film “Hercules” have Greek names, there’s one character that doesn’t: Hercules! Like “Mars” is for “Ares” and “Neptune” is for “Poseidon”, “Hercules” is actually the Roman name for the Greek figure “Heracles”. If the movie was consistent, the movie’s main character and title would be “Heracles”. However, Disney executives chose the Roman “Hercules” because they said it was more familiar to the general public.

B.In 1888, French scientist Charles-Emile Reynaud invented a device called the Theatre Optique. It could project a strip of pictures onto a screen. Reynaud painted individual images onto flexible strips of gel to run through the projection system. He made three animated short films to demonstrate his invention. The first was a 12-15 minute film called “Poor Pierrot”, which was shown in 1892. Some consider this to be the first animated movie.

C.The most common mistake which beginner animators make when they think of a story idea is that their plot is too detailed and long. It’s great to have an imagination and visualization of an epic storyline that involves lots of characters and several plot lines. But it’s important to keep in mind that the time frame and the available resources are usually limited. For a beginner, it’s more sensible to work on a story that is not too complicated and easy to follow.

D.One of the most difficult tasks in making “Beauty and the Beast” film was the animation of the beast. In the end, the character’s face and body represented a combination of several animals. Glen Keane, an experienced Disney animator, included the mane of a lion, the beard and head shape of a buffalo, the tusks and nose bridge of a wild boar, the strongly-muscled brows of a gorilla, the legs and tail of a wolf, and the big and bulky body of a bear.

E.A lot of cartoon characters have four fingers on their hands instead of five. The reason is simple – hands with four fingers are easier to draw and animate. Cartoon characters are always simplified versions of their real life equivalents. Four-fingered hand saves a lot of time in animating and it really does not make any difference to us while watching. It all started with the very first Mickey Mouse cartoon. Walt Disney said that this was both an artistic and financial decision.

F.Animators have hidden representations of Mickey Mouse in most of the Disney films and all of the parks. It started as a joke between Walt Disney and other animators and became a tradition carried out for decades. “Hidden Mickeys” usually consist of three circles drawn to represent Mickey’s head and ears, but sometimes they draw Mickey in a crowd scene. Nowadays people have made a game out of searching for Hidden Mickeys in Disney movies.

G.Disney’s Twelve Basic Principles of Animation is a set of principles of animation introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book “The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation”. Johnston and Thomas based their book on the work of the leading Disney animators, and their effort to produce more realistic animations. The book and some of its principles have been adopted by some traditional studios. Many people call it the “Bible of animation”.