Банк заданий
ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. Lions’ home

2. Lions in danger

3. Necessary for nature

4. Problems of family life

5. Appearance matters

6. Giving a helping hand

7. Looking after their young

8. Clever strategies for food

A. The magnificent lion is the symbol of Africa. Powerful and beautiful, the king of the beasts has no natural enemies. Lions have strong, compact bodies and powerful forelegs, teeth, and jaws for pulling down their food. Their coats are yellow-gold, and adult males have manes that range in colour from blond, to reddish-brown and black. The length and the colour of a lion’s mane are likely determined by age, genetics, and hormones. Young lions have light spots on their coats that disappear as they grow.

B. Lions are mammals and the most sociable of all big cats. They live in groups called prides, which usually consist of related females and their cubs. Males often fight to maintain dominance. Young females usually stay in their mothers’ prides for life, unless food shortage forces them out. Young males are driven from their prides when they grow large enough to compete with the dominant males. This usually happens when young males are between the ages of 2 and 4.

C. Today, lions are not at risk of extinction in Africa. However, three-quarters of their populations are in decline. The main threats to African lions are conflicts with people and the loss of living space, as well as climate change and wildlife trade. Some African lion populations have become small and isolated. Besides, the number of plant-eating animals they hunt for is being reduced. With around 23,000 African lions left in the wild, they are now officially classified as “vulnerable.”

D. African lions are highly adaptable animals and can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including desert areas. They prefer open woodland and thick bush, as well as scrub and grasslands. Such environments help them to hunt and also to find shade to rest during the hottest part of the day. African lions used to be spread across most of the continent. But now they are only found in sub-Saharan Africa, with 80% in eastern or southern Africa. Three of the five largest populations are in Tanzania.

E. Lions are top hunters in their environments, whether that is grassland, desert, or open woodland. It means they play an important role in keeping a healthy balance of numbers among other animals, especially plant-eating ones, like zebra and wildebeest. This influences the condition of grasslands and forests. By protecting a lion’s landscape, people are helping the whole area to grow and develop, which does not just benefit wildlife, but the people who rely on local natural resources, too.

F. Lions do most of their hunting at night as their eyes have adapted to the dark. This gives them a huge advantage over the animals they hunt for. Interestingly, lions also hunt during storms. The noise, rain, and wind make it harder for other animals to see and hear lions, increasing their chances of a successful hunt. Females are the primary hunters, although males will sometimes join them during a hunt. When hunting, females have specific roles.

G. To save lions, new protected areas of habitat in east Africa are organised. There is a special conservation programme in Kenya that monitors and protects lions. The programme educates local people on lion conservation, too. This includes working with local communities, such as anti-poisoning actions. They also provide better fenced areas for farm animals in local villages. Taking school children on trips to see the wild animals they are saving is one more important action to support wildlife.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. You need to believe it

2. Not only for the study

3. Just progress, nothing more

4. Develop your thinking skills – write by yourself

5. Too many emotions

6. Cleverer than some may think

7. Individuality matters

8. More than grammar and vocab

A. I have just finished my college applications. When I was doing them, I visited several websites, and each one stressed this fact: essay readers want to hear a student’s voice. AI can write well-structured essays in two minutes, but these essays have no voice. They are formulaic and dry, and they will not help a student get into a university. To have a chance, their essays must be interesting and engaging. So, a student must put in the work, writing and rewriting until they have produced an essay that tells readers who they are.

B. While AI has its advantages, it can’t bring the satisfaction which comes from writing by yourself. AI uses the existing ideas of others in order to generate an answer. However, the response is not unique and does not truly represent the idea the way you would. When you write, it causes you to reflect on a topic and come up with an original idea. You understand a topic in greater depth. It creates a sense of clarity, and you look at a problem from different angles. So, it is still important to learn to be a good writer.

C. If you are writing an essay using AI, that is plagiarism. It can get you in a lot of trouble because it is against the law to try to make it seem like it is your writing. So I believe that learning how to be a good writer still matters a lot. When you write any sort of essay, you learn to communicate your ideas to your audience. This skill can be used in your daily life. You need to clearly express yourself when you talk to your teachers, write emails, or send a text message to your friends. This is something that AI cannot help you with.

D. Writing is still an important skill, but maybe not in the same way it was in the past. In an era of improving AI, topics such as grammar and spelling are less important than ever. Platforms already correct small grammar mistakes; how long till they can suggest improving sentences? However, being a good writer is not just using grammar or vocabulary correctly. It is about collecting your thoughts into a logical text. If you want to communicate your own ideas, you are better off just writing it yourself.

E. AI will eventually replace the need for the average person to write at the level that they do. AI is no different than every other tech advancement we have made, which have made tasks like writing easier. Similar concerns could have been raised with the introduction of computers in the classroom, and the loss of people having great handwriting. I don’t think the prospect should be worrying. AI is a tool. Having it write for us will allow us to focus on more important things that AI is not yet capable of.

F. AI is becoming more and more competent. This could mean more students will find their way to an AI site to look for an answer. I agree that this could spell trouble for student intelligence if answers are so readily available. But you might want to consider the students themselves. The majority are hardworking and smart. They are not just smart about subjects at school, but about using AI for their school work. Students will probably not use this tech first hand until it stops making errors, and that will take some time.

G. Learning to be a good writer absolutely still matters in the age of AI. While artificial intelligence can assist with certain aspects of writing, such as grammar checking, it cannot replace the creativity, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence that we human writers bring to the table. Another reason is that storytelling is part of human life. A good writer inspires thoughts, feelings, and actions. AI may boost efficiency, but it cannot copy the truthfulness that a human writer brings to their work.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. Small pleasures for big efforts

2. Study time, digital silence

3. Beat delay by starting strong

4. Two heads learn better than one

5. The smart way to press pause

6. Learning works differently

7. Too late to take a break

8. One thing at a time

A. Figuring out the way you learn best will help you in your academic life. Over the years, researchers and psychologists have tried to understand how we learn. The VARK model proposes that if you are a visual learner, you need to use visuals such as diagrams, charts and colour in your notes. Auditory learners can learn best through listening. Kinaesthetic learners prefer using all their senses or moving around. Of course, we learn through a mix of styles and methods, but one may be more useful than the others.

B. Studying on your own can be productive; however, there are times when studying in a group can be more effective. Studying in a group or with a partner can make the experience more enjoyable. It can provide you with new views and experiences. It can also be helpful in revealing knowledge gaps or gaps in your understanding. For example, when explaining a concept to the members of your study group, you may realise that you get stuck while explaining a step of a process.

C. Our attention span is between 45 to 60 minutes so continuous studying is not as productive as you may think. Taking a break will help you prevent study fatigue and allow you to return to your notes with fresh focus. However, if the breaks are too long, you will lose motivation to return to your studies. Try using the Pomodoro Technique where you balance study and breaks. Set a timer for 25 minutes and completely focus on your task. When the time is up, take a short 3-to-5-minute break.

D. In order to be productive and study efficiently, it is important to reward yourself for your hard work. This can help to keep you motivated and will also reinforce the behaviour. There are several ways that you can reward yourself. Give yourself one evening off once you have achieved your study goals. Reward a study session with a half hour of your favourite show or game. You can take a nap, or meet up with a friend, whatever makes you happy. You complete your study, you get a reward!

E. A popular productivity and time management method used by many around the world, is the “Eat the Frog” technique. This is how it works. First, choose a “frog” (difficult task) for the day. You should try to get your task done early in the day. It helps when you have an assignment with a near deadline, but you are not sure how to start. When a task is difficult, we tend to put it off. By completing the most difficult tasks of the day first thing in the morning, you are putting a stop to procrastination.

F. Most of us buy into the idea that we can multitask effectively, but in reality, we cannot focus on multiple tasks at the same time. What usually happens is that our focus moves from task to task. As a result of this, the task we are trying to complete takes longer, and we are more likely to make mistakes. Instead of multitasking, try to focus on single tasks at a time. You might spend an hour studying with the TV on, but instead focus only on your study for 45 minutes and this will allow you to watch TV for 15 minutes.

G. When we talk about productivity, it is true that there are some unavoidable distractions that students face. However, there are certain things that we can do to limit distractions and therefore improve our productivity. Firstly, it is important to minimise the use of devices when trying to study or be productive. If we receive a message and we decide not to check it, it will hold our attention. It is best to keep devices out of sight and out of mind. Also take away smart watches. They may alert you and break your focus.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

1. Avoiding risks

2. Can crows talk?

3. A variety of species

4. As smart as a crow

5. Food strategies

6. Meet the crow!

7. Family life issues

8. They are not the same

A. Crows are birds known for their intelligence, their adaptability, and their loud, harsh cawing sound. They are part of the same family as ravens, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers. Different crow species live on every continent, except South America and Antarctica. Although they are not sometimes taken seriously, just as annoying noisy birds, crows are clever, curious, and deeply social creatures. Even today, scientists are continuing to discover how unusual and surprising these birds are.

B. Crows are extremely intelligent. They are known for their problem-solving, communication skills, and ability to recognise humans. In fact, research shows that crows remember the faces of people they do not like and even pass this information to other crows in their flock. These cunning birds are maths experts, too. Crows can count out loud, and they understand the concept of zero. In some ways, crows are as clever as toddlers or small children, and on one test of intelligence, they even beat monkeys.

C. Crows are omnivores, which means they eat nearly anything. Crows eat small mammals, frogs, and reptiles, as well as eggs and the remains of dead animals. They also eat bugs, seeds, grains, nuts, fruit, mollusks, worms, and even other birds. Crows sometimes dig through human garbage for a snack. Besides, they are known to hide their meal and save it for later. Crows have even been spotted placing walnuts on the road, so that cars will drive over them and crack their shells, making the nuts easier to eat.

D. Ravens and crows are related, but they are different. One can tell the two apart mainly by their size: ravens are larger and closer in size to hawks. Crows also tend to travel in large flocks, whereas ravens are more often seen in pairs. They also have different tail feathers. Crow tail feathers are all the same length, so when a crow is flying, its tail looks like a handheld fan. A raven, on the other hand, has longer feathers in the middle of its tail, so it looks like an arrow shape when the raven flies.

E. Like parrots, some crows learn to mimic human speech. The way birds make sounds is very different from the way we do, though. Humans can speak because of our larynx, or voice box. When air from our lungs passes through the larynx, our vocal cords vibrate, which creates sound waves we recognise as speech. Crows do not have a larynx, though. They have a different vocal organ, called a syrinx, that they use to make noises. It lets crows communicate, and they are known for their distinctive cawing sound.

F. The crow is well-known for its ability to predict trouble. Crows quickly learn that a moving car is no danger, but will rapidly fly away if the driver stops and gets out. In areas where they are constantly hunted, they learn the difference between a hunter with a gun and a farmer with farming tools. This degree of great care and attention is developed due to frequent aggressive treatment by man. Crows use a system of guards that observe and sound warnings to all other crows in the area.

G. Crows use a mixed habitat, including woodlands, open areas, agricultural fields, coastal wetlands, marshes, rivers, and streams. Crows generally nest once per year. Nest building usually happens in late March and takes about 5 days. The nests are cup shaped and constructed of twigs and bark, and lined with grass, leaves, feathers, etc. On average, 5 eggs are laid from late April to early May, and it takes about 20 days to hatch. The young remain in the nest for about a month, and are fed even longer.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

Climate change

Climate change is putting hundreds of millions of people’s lives at risk, and is threatening nature worldwide – from the poles to the tropics, from mountains to oceans. Many of the world’s biggest challenges, from poverty to dying wildlife, are increased by the climate crisis.

Climate change is caused by increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, A __________ the planet’s weather patterns. Such a rise in the average temperature is often referred to as “global warming.”

Climate and weather are often confused. Weather refers to short-term changes in atmospheric conditions, B __________ a much longer period. That is why we still experience cold, snowy days, even though we are now facing a climate crisis, C __________.

The impact of climate change can be seen everywhere, from melting glaciers resulting in a global rise in the sea level, D __________, more frequent heatwaves, and other extreme weather events. All these extreme weather events threaten people’s lives and nature across the planet. They are also more difficult E __________. The longer people wait to act, the worse the situation will become.

While climate change is a global crisis, its effects are not felt evenly worldwide. The poorest, native people, and future generations are those F __________ greenhouse gases. However, they are often the most affected by the climate crisis.

1. while climate refers to changes over

2. resulting in serious, long-term shifts in

3. who is living in harmony with nature

4. which has resulted from global warming

5. who are the least responsible for

6. and more expensive to recover from

7. to heavier rainstorms, more droughts