Банк заданий
ЕГЭ по английскому языку Задание №22 Грамматические навыки: формообразование 22

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Пример ответа: did not know

Who discovered radioactivity?

Marie Curie’s discovery of two naturally radioactive elements, polonium and radium, made headline news. However, her real discovery was that atoms (19) __________ (NOT BE) small solid balls...

... and that there must be even (20) __________ (SMALL) particles inside them. This discovery opened the door to all atomic and subatomic research and even to the splitting of the atom.

Curie carried out her research with radioactive elements before the dangers of radioactivity (21) __________ (UNDERSTAND). She suffered from radiation sickness for most of her adult life. Indeed, for many years after her death, her notebooks were still highly radioactive.

Star pilot

My four-year-old brother Kevin wanted to become a pilot. But one dark night he watched a plane (22) __________ (MOVE) across a clear sky.

As it disappeared, he heaved a relieved sigh and said, “Whew! I’m not going to be a pilot!” (23) __________ (SURPRISE), Mom asked, “Why not?”

“Do you realize,” Kevin replied wisely, “how hard it would be to steer around all (24) __________ (THAT) stars?”

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Пример ответа: did not know

Why a zigzag?

Have you ever noticed that when we climb hills we create zigzags? We don’t go straight ahead but go in zigzags. It can mean walking 20 times as far, and still a zigzag is (19) __________ (FAST) than the shortest distance between two points.

Researchers developed a mathematical model (20) __________ (SHOW) that a zigzag provides the most efficient way for humans to go up or down steep slopes.

They explain that zig-zagging (21) __________ (REQUIRE) less effort.

Russian rivers

Do you know Russian rivers? Do you know what the (22) __________ (LONG) river in Russia is? It is the Volga River.

This river is a great source of hydroelectric power. The water from the river (23) __________ (USE) for irrigation.

Canals link the Volga River to the Baltic and White Seas. The Volga (24) __________ (FREEZE) for most of its length for three months each year.

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Пример ответа: did not know

New Zealand: history

What do you know about the history of New Zealand? Maoris were the (19) __________ (ONE) inhabitants of New Zealand, arriving to the islands in about 1000. Maori oral history maintains that the Maoris came to the island in seven canoes from other parts of Polynesia.

In 1642, New Zealand (20) __________ (EXPLORE) by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator.

British captain James Cook made three voyages to the islands, (21) __________ (BEGIN) in 1769. Britain formally annexed the islands in 1840.

Kite fighting

Have you ever heard of kite fighting? Kite fighting is a highly competitive sport traditionally (22) __________ (PLAY) in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, and South America.

Each player hopes to get his or her kite to fly (23) __________ (HIGH). The players try to cut their opponents’ kite strings with sharp objects imbedded in their kites.

(24) __________ (START) in the late 1990s, kite fighting gained popularity in the USA and is now practiced throughout the country, with an annual championship competition held in Washington state.

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Пример ответа: did not know

In thick fog

It was a foggy night. In a very thick fog, a ship (19) __________ (SAIL) very slowly. Suddenly lights appeared forward on a collision course. The Captain shouted through the mouthpiece: “Get out of my way! I am the carrier ‘Manchester’! My displacement is 30,000 tons!”

A voice (20) __________ (COME) through the fog in reply:

“You (21) __________ (WELL) turn away yourself. I’m the light house!”

The purpose of education

A famous professor greeted the first year undergraduates at the beginning of the academic year. He (22) __________ (TELL) them in his opening remarks:

“Nothing you learn here at the university will be of slightest use to you (23) __________ (LATE), but one thing.

If you work hard, if you train your brain, you should be able to understand when a man (24) __________ (TALK) nonsense. And that, in my view, is the main, if not the sole, purpose of education.”

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Exotic pets

There is no exact definition for “exotic” pets. This term usually refers to any animal that (19) __________ (NOT BE) domesticated yet.

Many people keep bears as pets. For example, Ivan the Terrible kept two bears in his palace. They (20) __________ (GIVE) to him by the boyars.

Perhaps the (21) __________ (EARLY) ruler in history with a soft spot for bears was Ptolemy II, king of Egypt. He was fond of a “white bear” kept in his private collection.

Education for everyone

Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet (22) __________ (HAVE) the right to education.

Today, his dream (23) __________ (COME) true. At the global level, the United Nations recognises the right of everyone to education.

Although education is compulsory in most places, school attendance is optional, therefore some parents choose home-schooling for their (24) __________ (CHILD).

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A visit to the dentist

My tooth hurt through the night. I had to take a painkiller to lessen the pain. (19) __________ (BAD) of all, I did not sleep the whole night.

The next morning I told my mother about my toothache. It was obvious I (20) __________ (NOT CAN) go to school. So I had to go to the dentist.

At nine o’clock we were waiting outside the dentist’s office. There was a small crowd. The nurse came and opened the door. I was the (21) __________ (ONE) patient to rush into the office.

Pets of my childhood

My pet history began when I was five. One summer day, while my mother (22) __________ (IRON) clothes with the window open, a nice canary flew in. We called it Chirpy and it became our first pet.

Soon, while Chirpy was still alive, my parents bought a pair of (23) __________ (MOUSE), whom we named Timmy and Tina.

Unfortunately, Timmy and Tina lived only two years, and after they died we (24) __________ (NOT GET) any more pets.

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Пример ответа: did not know

Popular destination

Barcelona offers an exciting mixture of Catalan history and architecture. It is a regionally dominant city and it (19) __________ (NOT HAVE) to compete with its neighbours.

Barcelona (20) __________ (BE) popular since the city hosted the 1992 Olympics. At present this metropolis welcomes millions of tourists every year.

(21) __________ (WOMAN) make up the majority of the city’s visitors. It’s not surprising because Barcelona’s shops offer a wide variety of fashionable clothes.

Bears

There are many kinds of bears. The polar bear lives mostly in the Arctic North, often on drifting masses of floating sea ice (22) __________ (CALL) ‘floes’.

Brown bears, once widespread in Europe and Asia, are now rare. The American black bear is (23) __________ (SMALL) than the brown bears.

The spectacled bear, which gets its name from the light-coloured rings around its eyes, is the only bear of the Southern Hemisphere. It (24) __________ (FIND) in the Andes Mountains.

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Пример ответа: did not know

What is acacia?

The name acacia is given to a group of hundreds of different trees and shrubs. Acacia trees are known for their (19) __________ (LEAF).

They (20) __________ (DIVIDE) into many small leaflets. This makes them look feathery or fernlike.

Acacias have small, often fragrant, yellow or white flowers. Acacias have different ways of protecting themselves. Their leafstalks may have sharp thorns which keep animals from (21) __________ (EAT) the branches.

The Aztec

In the 1400s and early 1500s, the Aztec people controlled a vast empire in the area that is now central and southern Mexico. The Aztec ruled (22) __________ (THEY) empire from the great capital, Tenochtitlán.

It (23) __________ (LOCATE) on the site of what is now Mexico City.

The capital reflected the empire’s power and wealth, with its gleaming white palaces and temples. The Spanish conquest of the city in 1521 marked the end of the Aztec Empire. The Indians (24) __________ (LIVE) in the Mexico City region today, however, are largely descendants of those whom the Spanish conquered.

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Baghdad

Baghdad is the capital of Iraq. Located along historic trade routes, it (19) __________ (BE) an important city in the Middle East for thousands of years.

It is also the (20) __________ (LARGE) city in the country.

In 1991 and again in the early 2000s it was the scene of heavy fighting during U.S. led attacks on Iraq. Parts of the city (21) __________ (DESTROY).

Barbados

What do you know about Barbados? This island country is located on an island group in the Caribbean Sea (22) __________ (LIE) to the east of the West Indies.

It (23) __________ (THINK) to have received its name from the Portuguese word for ‘bearded’ because of the bearded fig trees that grow on the island.

Bridgetown is the capital, (24) __________ (LARGE) city and only seaport.

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Traffic lights

Have you ever wondered about the origin of the green, yellow, and red colour scheme for traffic lights? In 1920, in Detroit, the USA, a policeman (19) __________ (NAME) William L. Potts invented the four-way, three-colour traffic signal.

It (20) __________ (BASE) on the colours used in the railroad system.

Thus, Detroit (21) __________ (BECOME) the first city to use the red, green, and yellow lights to control road traffic.

The Beatles

The Beatles were one of the most successful pop-music groups of the 1960s. Also (22) __________ (CALL) the Fab Four, this quartet of British musicians created songs and recordings that many people still enjoy.

The group (23) __________ (BEGIN) in the working-class neighbourhoods of Liverpool.

The Beatles’ first (24) __________ (RECORD) song was ‘Love Me Do’ (1962).

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Winston Churchill

Winston Churchill was a great political leader and a very clever man. Many British people think since then there (19) __________ (NOT BE) a prime minister better than him.

He even (20) __________ (WIN) the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953.

His (21) __________ (FAMOUS) work was a six-volume memoir about WW2, but he wrote some science fiction books as well.

Clouds

Do you like to watch clouds? Many people all over the world enjoy (22) __________ (DO) it.

There are a lot of different kinds of clouds but they all look white as they reflect the Sun’s light – just like the Moon. It is interesting to know that clouds (23) __________ (NOT BE) unique to our planet.

In fact, any planet with an atmosphere has (24) __________ (THEY).

It takes an hour or less to form a cloud. That is why the weather can change so quickly.

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A cleaning wand

A cleaning wand is a totally new invention. It features the advanced UV-C technology that helps to kill bacteria and germs. It’s the (19) __________ (ONE) ever cleaning device you can literally take anywhere.

The (20) __________ (GOOD) thing about it is that it can clean anything.

There’s no doubt that (21) __________ (WOMAN) are going to like this invention very much.

Robert Heinlein

Robert A. Heinlein was a US science fiction author. He was among those writers who emphasized scientific accuracy in their fiction. He also (22) __________ (THINK) it was necessary to challenge the readers.

He pointed out it was necessary to develop (23) __________ (THEY) critical thinking.

He pointed out that any science fiction book (24) __________ (BE) a success if the author followed these two important principles.

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Strange but true

Do you like walking along snowy streets? Many people enjoy (19) __________ (DO) it.

It is because they love the sound of the snow creaking under their (20) __________ (FOOT).

A great joke

On April 1 British media always play jokes on their audience. One of the (21) __________ (GOOD) media jokes is definitely the one of the BBC.

On April 1, 1957 British people (22) __________ (SHOW) a fake film about growing spaghetti in Switzerland.

The presenter (23) __________ (TELL) the surprised viewers that Swiss farmers gathered spaghetti right from spaghetti trees.

The BBC received many phone calls from people who hoped they (24) __________ (BE) able to grow spaghetti in the UK and asked for spaghetti seeds.

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An honest answer

George Bernard Shaw was an outstanding British literary figure and a man with a good sense of humour. When he was still a young critic, he (19) __________ (INVITE) as a guest to a family party.

When he entered the room, the daughter of the host (20) __________ (PLAY) the piano and her performance was no good. She said, “People say you are fond of music. Are you?”

“I (21) __________ (BE) fond of music for a long time, but never mind, go on playing,” was Shaw’s answer.

E-books

People of the 21st century have to think about living green. A long time ago we (22) __________ (UNDERSTAND) that we should protect our forests.

That is why today people try to avoid printing photos and keep (23) __________ (THEY) all on computers. E-books are another example of people wishing not to waste paper.

The (24) __________ (ONE) e-book appeared in 1998 and attracted everybody’s attention immediately.

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Kenneth Graham

Kenneth Graham (1859–1932) was a Scottish writer. Life was very hard on (19) __________ (HE) but he remained an optimistic person.

His books are classics of literature for (20) __________ (CHILD).

Recently the Disney studio (21) __________ (MAKE) some films based on his books, for example, The Reluctant Dragon. These films are certainly worth watching.

A Walking House

Can you imagine a house that can walk? An innovative prototype of a walking house (22) __________ (INTRODUCE) last year in England.

The (23) __________ (GOOD) thing about it is that this eco-friendly house has everything necessary – a kitchen, a composting toilet, a method to collect rain water, and so on.

Without a doubt, such houses (24) __________ (ATTRACT) enthusiastic travellers in the near future.

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Detective stories

Do you like detective stories? Many people enjoy (19) __________ (READ) them.

We all have our favourite detective writers. Books by A.C. Doyle, E.A. Poe and J.H. Chase (20) __________ (LOVE) by numerous readers all over the world.

Still, Agatha Christie is the (21) __________ (GOOD) detective writer of all times – at least by the number of books published.

Pot plants

You can find a pot plant in almost every house. A long time ago people (22) __________ (UNDERSTAND) that it was useful to have them at home.

It is usually (23) __________ (WOMAN) who take care of pot plants. They water them and set them out so that they can get some sunshine.

People believe that if you have certain pot plants at home, you (24) __________ (NOT GET) many illnesses.

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New Year around the world

Everybody loves New Year. It is a holiday which (19) __________ (CELEBRATE) all over the world.

In Scandinavia (20) __________ (WOMAN) cook rice with nuts and not turkey for New Year.

Italian people enjoy (21) __________ (THROW) old things out of the windows on New Year’s Day. It is interesting to learn about these traditions.

A treasure in a chair

The Browns from Manchester, the UK, are a very lucky family. Some years ago, Mr Brown (22) __________ (BUY) a chair on sale.

However, Mrs Brown (23) __________ (NOT LIKE) it.

Mr Brown took it to the attic thinking he (24) __________ (SELL) it later. While cleaning it before a spring garage sale, he broke it by accident and found expensive jewellery inside.

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Scandinavian walking

It is necessary to go in for sports. If you (19) __________ (NOT HAVE) enough time to go to the gym, you might take up Scandinavian walking.

Many people enjoy (20) __________ (DO) this kind of sport.

It is a very cheap hobby – all you need is a pair of walking sticks and comfortable shoes. Still, the (21) __________ (GOOD) thing is to take several lessons of Scandinavian walking to avoid traumas.

Maria Callas

Maria Callas was the world-famous opera singer. She (22) __________ (CAN) sing anything – from operas by Rossini to Wagner’s music dramas.

Maria (23) __________ (EDUCATE) in Greece.

(24) __________ (LATE) she moved to Italy and started her musical career there.

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Snakes

Snakes are beautiful but dangerous animals. That is why there are a lot of myths about them and their behaviour. Many people think snakes enjoy (19) __________ (LISTEN) to music.

In fact, snakes (20) __________ (NOT HEAR) music or sounds and react only to your movements. Isn’t it amazing?

A lucky chance

Everybody knows Sofia Kovalevskaya. She was the (21) __________ (ONE) woman to become the professor of mathematics.

However, few people know that Sofia (22) __________ (GET) interested in mathematics at a very early age.

There (23) __________ (NOT BE) enough wallpaper for her room and her parents put some sheets of paper instead.

(24) __________ (THIS) sheets turned out to be notes of lectures of a famous Russian mathematician.

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Lies, lies

People usually want to know the truth. However, it can be hard to understand if a person is telling the truth or a lie. So far scientists (19) __________ (FIND) some ways to do it.

One way is to use special devices. Still, (20) __________ (WOMAN) can see a lie without any gadgets.

They notice if the answer takes a person (21) __________ (LONG) than usual. It is a sign of a lie.

Horoscopes

Do you read your horoscope online or in newspapers and magazines? Many people enjoy (22) __________ (DO) so.

The (23) __________ (ONE) horoscopes appeared around 2000 BC in ancient Babylon.

Still, people (24) __________ (BECOME) seriously interested in horoscopes only in the 17th century.

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

A tasty doctor

Food can help you to stay healthy. Even in ancient times people (19) __________ (KNOW) how important it was to eat the right food.

For example, one should eat apples and carrots to keep their (20) __________ (TOOTH) healthy.

If you often feel tired, you should give up (21) __________ (EAT) junk food and eat more fruit and nuts because wrong food can damage your health.

The Dead Sea

Do you know anything about the Dead Sea? In fact, it (22) __________ (NOT BE) a sea, it is a lake.

It (23) __________ (CALL) a sea because it has a lot of salt in it.

It actually has nine times (24) __________ (MUCH) salt than any other natural body of water, and nothing can live in it.

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

From the history of skirts

Skirts are a popular item of clothing. They (19) __________ (INVENT) around 3900 BC.

Now mostly (20) __________ (WOMAN) wear skirts of different colours, styles and length.

However, you may be surprised to learn that in ancient Greece only men (21) __________ (WEAR) skirts. In some cultures, skirts are still a part of male outfits. Isn’t that amazing?

The English language

You are lucky to know English! It (22) __________ (BE) one of the most popular languages in the world for many years.

However, learning English can be hard because some linguists say it has the (23) __________ (BAD) grammar of all European languages.

Spelling (24) __________ (NOT BE) easy either. So, if you have mastered English, you are a highly intelligent person!

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

The driest place in the world

Many people think that the Sahara Desert is the driest place in the world. However, this place (19) __________ (SITUATE) in Antarctica.

Snow and ice (20) __________ (NOT LIE) there because the winds are too strong.

There (21) __________ (BE) no rain here for two million years. Can you imagine that?

New Year postcards

People love New Year. They enjoy (22) __________ (SPEND) this time with their family and friends.

It is also one of the (23) __________ (GOOD) occasions to give somebody a present or send a card.

In fact, the tradition to send New Year cards (24) __________ (BEGIN) only in the 19th century in England. Now everybody sends New Year cards. Children love making New Year cards and giving them to their parents.

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

Wallpaper

Many people prefer to decorate their rooms with wallpaper. It (19) __________ (SELL) in rolls and is relatively inexpensive.

Wallpaper is (20) __________ (GOOD) than paint because it comes in all sorts of patterns and colours.

You can even buy wallpaper with a photo of a landscape and enjoy (21) __________ (LOOK) at beautiful views every day.

Dreams and discoveries

Many famous discoveries and ideas came to people in their dreams.

For instance, Niels Bohr (22) __________ (HAVE) an idea about the atomic structure while sleeping.

Some great musical pieces of Richard Wagner (23) __________ (HEAR) by him in his dreams.

There are (24) __________ (MANY) examples of it than you can imagine, so next time you have a hard problem to solve, just have a good night’s sleep!

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not know

The secret of success

Thomas A. Edison was a famous American inventor. He (19) __________ (GIVE) the world a lot of useful inventions.

He (20) __________ (CONSIDER) to be a genius by his contemporaries. However, Edison himself didn’t think so.

He knew that if he didn’t work hard, he (21) __________ (NOT ACHIEVE) any further success.

Ladybirds

Ladybirds are beautiful creatures. Farmers love them as they help the crops to stay healthy. (22) __________ (CHILD) look for them because they believe if you catch a ladybird and let it go free, it will bring good luck and happiness.

They also love counting spots on ladybirds. They think that the number of spots defines the age of ladybirds. However, it (23) __________ (NOT BE) true.

Ladybirds need (24) __________ (THIS) spots to scare predators away.