Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 4. During her first visit to Cambodia Jane realized she 1) knew little about the life of people there. 2) was risking her life all the time. 3) couldn’t walk on her own anywhere.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Hello everybody! Welcome to our daily program Five Minutes With a Star. Today we are happy to have here Jane Bliss, a famous actress, a multimillionaire and a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Goodwill Ambassador. Hello Jane! Jane: Good afternoon. Thanks for inviting me. It's a pleasure to be here. Presenter: So, my first question to you: what first made you aware of the problems of Third World countries? Jane: Actually, it all started when I first went to Cambodia for work. I was suddenly in a country where I saw there were big problems including military problems, like, for example, we were restricted in where we could move or walk because of landmines. It made me suddenly realize certain things about the world and how much I had to learn, like the history of the people. They are so warm and great and spirited. They are such survivors. I think they are amazing people. Presenter: Did you approach UNHCR or did they approach you after your visit to Cambodia? Jane: To tell the truth, it was me who approached UNHCR first because I believe in what the United Nations is attempting to do, and I support the United Nations. I read about different chapters, and UNHCR was the most appealing one because I believe refugees are the most vulnerable people in the world. They are affected by everything. They are vulnerable to everything. Presenter: Through your position at UNHCR, what exactly are you hoping to accomplish? Jane: Oh, I have ambitions of Napoleon. Sorry, just joking. My main aim is to raise awareness of the plight of these people. I think they should be commended for what they have survived, not looked down upon. I think people are often uncomfortable and don't like the idea. They seem to shy away because of what it means to them. I think these are really amazing people that are not really understood. Also, I personally just wanted to meet these people around the world and get to know them because they are my heroes and because they are wonderful. Presenter: I see. Can you describe the present-day situation in Cambodia? Jane: It's challenging. Well, if you can imagine the area and the land in Cambodia—I mean, there are hardly any roads in big parts of the country. The roads they have in the rainy season become just mud. It's hard to be a parent or earn some money or take care of your home. It seems impossible, and it would be impossible without the help of a lot of charity organizations. There's a great one—CVD, Cambodia Vision & Development. They try to put a lot of these people together so they can work as a group. Presenter: While you were in Cambodia or Pakistan or Africa, did you ever personally feel in danger? Jane: Yeah, I went off into certain areas where you were just told that nothing had exploded in this area, and therefore it's not considered a high-risk area. But you along with everybody else stay on a very clear path that has already been walked. You don't stray from it. You know, in the middle of the night when I had to go use the bathroom in the bushes and was not really sure where the path was—it's crazy, the thought that you really don't know. It's crazy for people to live like that all the time. There were times when we would go wandering off in Cambodia and had to be extremely careful where we were going. For anybody who works in any kind of demining or any kind of humanitarian aid work, there's danger, and it's always a high-risk area. Presenter: Thank you, Jane. It's been a pleasure talking to you. Jane: The pleasure is mine. Goodbye. 4. During her first visit to Cambodia Jane realized she Ключевая фраза: "suddenly realize certain things about the world and how much I had to learn" → Она поняла, как мало знала о жизни людей там. → 1) knew little about the life of people there.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 4. David’s present duties include ... 1) helping his senior colleagues with their luggage and uniform. 2) paging important information to his senior colleagues. 3) replacing his senior colleagues when they are ill.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Hello everybody! And it's great that you're here with our program again. Now in our studio we have David Morris, a pilot with British Airways. Hi David! Are you looking forward to the interview? David: Hi! Yes, I am actually. I love talking. Presenter: What we want to do today is to find out a bit about your new job, what you have to do and how you're getting along. David: Well, where do I begin? Um…my name is David Morris and I am currently living in Barcelona. I am single and 32 years old. My family has always been related to aviation. My father was a military pilot. I have been working as a pilot for British Airways for four months, and it is a very exciting time for me. Previously, I flew for a number of smaller airlines in England, but I always wanted to fly on international routes. Presenter: So, what exactly is your current job? David: I am what is called a reserve pilot. This means that I don't have a regular workload, but I am a backup pilot in case one of the more senior pilots gets sick or something goes wrong with the airline's planes. So I am on call most of the time, waiting for my pager to go off. Presenter: What happens when you do get paged? David: I have to get to the airport as soon as I can. I have to have my uniform and luggage packed all the time so that I'm ready to go at a moment's notice. I usually have to be at the airport within seventy-five minutes of receiving the call. Presenter: Well, David, being on call all the time must make things difficult for you. Doesn't it drive you crazy? David: Sometimes I get a bit annoyed, especially if I'm in a restaurant or watching a movie. But I also know that it's part of the business of becoming a first officer, and that all the other pilots have been through the same education process. You have to start somewhere if you want to get to the top in this business. Presenter: How long do you stay on reserve? Do you get any time off? David: Oh, yes, yes of course. Usually I have a few days on reserve, then a few days off. Presenter: I see. Do you have a flat in Barcelona? David: Well, I share a flat with two other reserve pilots. It's not a bad place, but the problem is that we're never there at the same time. It's almost impossible to plan meals or activities together. It's a real pity because Pyotr and Mikhail are great guys, but we're lucky to share a cup of coffee once a week. Presenter: Do you need to do more training at this stage of your career? David: For pilots, there is always more training. Everything changes constantly, and you need to be aware of it all. But at the moment, it's pretty quiet. I did a three-month training program before I came here, learning about the company and our particular regulations and procedures. Then we had a final flight test—or line-check, as it is sometimes called. Now I have an endorsement to fly A320s. Now that I've made it, I realize everything isn't plain sailing, and I'll have to keep working hard to progress. Presenter: Well, it all sounds very thorough. Thanks, David—that's been very informative. 4. David's present duties include ... Ключевая фраза: "I am a backup pilot in case one of the more senior pilots gets sick or something goes wrong with the airline's planes." → Он заменяет старших коллег, когда они болеют. → 3. replacing his senior colleagues when they are ill.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 4. Why did American colonists borrow words from natives for geographical names? They were easy to pronounce. It helped to communicate with natives. They found it handy and useful.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Welcome to our weekly program Fun with Language. As always, we have Sally Smith here. Sally: Good afternoon. Presenter: So today you're going to tell us about the development of the English language after William Shakespeare's time? Sally: Exactly. The development of the English language took a giant step just nine years before the death of Shakespeare. A great event in its development was when three small British ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1607. They landed in an area that would later become the Southern American state of Virginia, and they began the first of several British colonies. The name of the first small colony was Jamestown. Presenter: I'm afraid I don't see the connection, Sally. Sally: Just a little patience. From the very beginning, the colonists began to use words borrowed from the native people where they lived—which made a lot of sense because it was simple and convenient to do. For example, the names of many of the great rivers in the United States are taken from Native American words—the Mississippi, the Tennessee… Presenter: Any other words apart from geographical names? Sally: Sure. Other Native American words include moccasin—the kind of shoe made from animal skin that Indians wore on their feet. This borrowing or adding of foreign words to English was a way of expanding the language. And don't forget that Britain had other colonies all around the world. English also became part of these colonies. Of course, today these former colonies are independent states, but in many of them English is still one of the languages spoken. Over the centuries, the English language grew as words were added from all these native languages. Presenter: Can you give us a few more examples? Sally: Well let's see…the word shampoo meaning soap for the hair came from India. Banana is believed to be from Africa. At the same time, there are quite a few English words whose origin we just don't understand. For hundreds of years, a dog was called a hound. Hound is still used, but not as commonly as the word dog. Yet experts truly don't know where the word dog came from or when. English speakers just started using it. Other words whose origins are unknown include fun, bad and big. Presenter: When did English stop producing new words? Sally: It has never stopped. English speakers continue to invent new words by linking existing words—for example—is how the words motor and hotel were linked to become the word motel—a small hotel near a road where people traveling in cars can stay for the night. Presenter: What about acronyms? It seems new ones appear every day. Sally: True, but not all of them become widely known. And sometimes we forget that a word actually began as an acronym. Everyone knows what radar is—a device to find objects that cannot be seen—but few people know that radar is an acronym for radio detecting and ranging. Presenter: I'm going to ask a question several people may already have asked you: how many words are there in the English language? Sally: Well, no one really knows. The Oxford English Dictionary lists about six hundred fifteen thousand words, yet many scientific words not in the dictionary could increase the number to almost a million. What makes it more difficult is that experts are never sure how to count English words. For example, the word mouse—a mouse is a small creature from the rodent family, but also a hand-held device used to help control a computer. If you are counting words, do you count mouse twice? Presenter: Thank you, Sally. 4. Why did American colonists borrow words from natives for geographical names? Ключевая фраза: "the colonists began to use words borrowed from the native people where they lived—which made a lot of sense because it was simple and convenient to do." → Они находили это простым и удобным. → 3. They found it handy and useful.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 4. According to Ben, the animals that change their habitat 1) are threatened by people. 2) tend not to leave their hunting areas. 3) may be dangerous for the people around forest areas.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Today in the studio we are talking to Ben Zafani, an activist and member of the environmental group The Green Belt Movement in Kenya. Welcome, Ben! Ben: Thank you. Presenter: Well, you know, people nowadays talk a lot about environmental issues. There is great concern about wildlife and the future of the national parks in Kenya. What's happening there? Ben: One of the most serious environmental problems we are facing today is deforestation, which really affects both wildlife and people living around the forests. People need land for their own purposes—like growing crops and raising cattle—so they come, seize pieces of land, cut down trees and start cultivating the land. So many animals were kind of forced away. They had to leave their native habitats and find new hunting areas. That's not really a nice thing. Presenter: And what's happening to the people who actually live around the forest area? Ben: You know, when you tend to interfere in a wild animal's habitat, you somehow create an imbalance between people and animals—and sometimes it's not really a nice thing because animals tend to come close to where people live, which is really threatening. Presenter: So do they attack people? Ben: Not that they really attack settlements, but they do come in packs, groups, prides or herds—constantly migrating from one place to another because of deforestation. So people are vulnerable at any time. Presenter: You mean if I lived there, I could be chased by an angry rhinoceros or an elephant? Ben: No, actually they don't chase people. Most of the time they just pass by. But at times you come into contact with an unusual animal. You know, animals live in packs. So when one animal is rejected from its pack, it's an angry animal. It cannot join the other packs, so it attacks anything and is extremely dangerous. It should not be disturbed. People can do nothing to help it. Anyone who dares to approach it is almost certainly doomed. Presenter: Wow, sounds horrible. I suppose no one would dare to try to catch these wild animals. Well, but what actually causes deforestation? Ben: People burn wood to produce charcoal and sell it. Because, as you know, people there have very poor living conditions and they try hard to earn an extra dime to support their families. Charcoal is in great demand for cooking and other odd jobs. So people don't even have to travel anywhere to sell it. It's a good job, but it's so destructive. Presenter: So what's being done to try and remedy this or to try and counterbalance the effect? Ben: There are three or four large activist groups that are coming together to discuss how to reduce damage to the environment. You all know the Nobel Prize winner Wangari Maathai, who is a leader of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. She's been trying to discourage people from destroying forests for a long time and to explain what deforestation does to the country and the environment in general and how it affects people in the forest areas. She teaches people to adjust to new conditions and environments. She moves with the times. Wangari supports national parks, conservation areas and safari parks in the country. She helps organize small businesses to learn to earn from ecotourism in the forest areas. Presenter: Look, I've always wanted to go to Africa, and I'm just wondering if that whole safari business is really good—if everything you see on the BBC Wildlife Channel—you know, documentaries—is true-to-life. Ben: It's not a cliché, but it's something you have to experience when you get there on safari. The BBC has never lied to their viewers. Presenter: Wow, so I could be just out there driving around in my car and on my own just seeing all those animals? Ben: I'm afraid they won't let you drive in your own car. They provide services for you. We have in Kenya an institute called the KWS—the Kenya Wildlife Service—and it has its own wardens that are highly trained to protect you when you're in the forest. You just say where and when you want to go, what places and animals you would like to see. Tours are kind of regulated. For example, you will never be allowed to come close to feeding the animals. 4. According to Ben, the animals that change their habitat Ключевая фраза: "animals tend to come close to where people live, which is really threatening." → Животные, меняющие среду обитания, могут быть опасны для людей вблизи лесных зон. → 3) may be dangerous for the people around forest areas.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 4. Why did David give up his job? 1) It didn’t help him in his travels. 2) He decided that he liked traveling better. 3) He got bored in his office cubicle.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: The best part of doing so many interviews, by far, is the opportunity to meet and connect with people in person. I was fortunate enough to meet up with David Dean three times this year. His inspiring travel experience is a perfect example of what all of us can do if we set our minds to making the world a better place. Good afternoon, David! David: Good afternoon. Presenter: In this interview you are going to provide some details on your travel lifestyle and how you earn a living, right? David: Yeah, if you don't mind. Presenter: Of course we don't. First of all, tell us about yourself. David: I was born and grew up in New Zealand, graduated with a History/Political Science degree and fell into working in IT. At the age of twenty-two, I left for the UK, living and working there for three years while developing a travel addiction every chance I got. For several years after that, I tried to juggle my career with regular travel stints, failing miserably to achieve the balance I desired. Finally, a little over a year ago, I left my office job for the final time—in favor of a life on the road. Presenter: How did your travel lifestyle begin? David: As I mentioned, I started traveling just after graduation and I'm still doing it now. So I guess, on-and-off, I've been doing this for fifteen years. I've spent a lot of time in Europe, Southeast Asia and Australia, with shorter periods in North America and Africa. I used to base myself in New Zealand and Australia between travel stints. I now don't have a base anywhere. Presenter: After traveling for so long, what do you like and dislike about being on the road so much? David: Constant movement is exhilarating for a while and rapidly draining thereafter. I find it important to stop regularly—for weeks, if not longer—to recharge and relax. Staying in touch with friends and family back home is tough, as is saying goodbye whenever you leave somewhere. And inevitably you'll lose some people from your life along the way. I miss my little nephew in particular. Having said all that, the upsides are amazing. I never have to be in a routine that I don't want to be in, and I don't know from one day to the next which direction life is going to take me. I see amazing things and meet incredible people as a matter of course. I love almost all of the work I do, and rapidly change things when I don't. Overall, I absolutely love this life. Presenter: How much does it cost to travel like you do? David: As a general rule, I budget an average of around $2,000 per month, which includes a small buffer for unexpected costs. Note that this is averaged out over a long period of time to cover the fact that I might spend six months in Southeast Asia, where I'm not spending $1,000 each month, but then I'll fly to Europe and spend a lot more there. I haven't sat down and worked out my exact costs for the last year, but I'm pretty sure I'm within budget. It has helped that I'm traveling with my girlfriend, whom I met a few days after leaving Australia, so we can share certain costs. And also that we've been able to arrange a few sponsorships here and there to save money. Presenter: Have you had any major medical issues or other problems during your travels? David: I've never had any major medical issues—just the odd infection or stomach problem that I could get anywhere. I try to keep interactions with police and border guards as infrequent and brief as possible, and have never gotten into real trouble during any of my dealings with them. Long may that last. Presenter: Thank you, David. 4. Why did David give up his job? Ключевая фраза: "I left my office job for the final time—in favor of a life on the road." → Он решил, что путешествия ему нравятся больше. → 2) He decided that he liked traveling better.