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ЕГЭ по английскому языку Задание №11 Понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте

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Travelling routes 

Travelling through Europe has long been a popular destination for people of all ages, from students and couples, to families and retirees. The breadth of possible vacations in Europe is enormous, from countless destinations A __________________________. Among the most popular countries in Europe for travellers are France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Greece, and Portugal, B _____________________________ and cruise ships. 

There are many ways to see Europe. Trains are a very convenient way of seeing many of the countries, with an extensive rail system connecting countries, major cities and small towns. Ferries and cruise ships are popular along the Mediterranean Sea and also in some of the northern regions, such as the Baltics and Scandinavian countries. Those C ____________________ may choose to rent a car to travel around on their own.

Europe is a year-round destination. The months of July and August are by far the busiest, when Europeans take holidays and travellers from around the world come to enjoy the fine weather. The coastal areas are filled with people D ___________________. One only needs to take a drive along the coast during these months to fully appreciate this fact. The spring and fall are great times for those looking E __________________ without the full intensity of the summer heat. Winter is definitely the slower time of year for travellers but the mountains F ______________________, draw the winter sports enthusiasts. 

1. to sightsee and explore the ancient sites

2. who are trying to escape the summer heat

3. who want more freedom and independence

4. which offer world-class skiing facilities

5. to winter sports facilities and equipment

6. which are often on the itinerary of tour groups

7. to all kinds of different ways of exploring them 

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Ray Wallace's Bigfoot Hoax

For decades, people have heard about sightings of a gigantic creature called Bigfoot in the forests of the Pacific Northwest. A_______________________, the creature always left huge footprints. A logger B_______________________ helped popularize these stories about Bigfoot.

In 1958, one of Wallace’s workers reported to a newspaper that he had spotted the creature’s tracks. Wallace explained that his workers were scared of the beast. The story spread, and some people connected the creature to other legendary monsters, especially the Abominable Snowman, or Yeti, C_______________________ . Wallace had pictures and film footage of a huge, furry primate D_______________________ . He also tried to sell castings of giant footprints and recordings of the creature’s cries.

But in 2002, after Ray Wallace died, his family members had their own

story to tell. They said that Wallace was a prankster and made the giant footprints himself. Wallace’s wife admitted dressing up in a Bigfoot costume E_______________________ . Apparently, Ray Wallace enjoyed fooling people.

He told his Bigfoot stories for decades. However, Wallace certainly was not responsible for all the other reported sightings of Bigfoot. In fact, some people continue to report seeing the monster. Nonetheless, F_______________________ , his own son said, “Bigfoot is dead.”

1. to back up his story

2. named Ray Wallace

3. when Ray Wallace passed away

4. being one of them

5. according to the stories

6. as part of the hoax

7. said to live in the mountains of Nepal

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Petrushka

Petrushka is a character from Russian folk puppetry. Traditionally dressed in red, with a red kolpak, or pointed hat, Petrushka was a humorous fellow A _______________________ .

 Petrushka first came to life, so to speak, sometime in the 18th century during Empress Anna Ioannovna's reign. In the Empress’s court was a man named Pietro-Mira Pedrillo, of Italian descent, B _______________________ . It was this mans character and style that became the basis for Petrushka. In fact, the name Petrushka is a diminutive form of the name Pyotr (Peter, or Pietro in Italian).

 In the beginning, Petrushka was intended for an adult audience. The plots of the puppets theatrical plays were about a variety of common, meaningful occurrences in a Russians life: a visit to a medical practitioner, learning military service, or a marriage ceremony, to name a few. The plots employed the use of interactive humour C _______________________ .

 Over time, puppet theatre moved away from adult-themed entertainment and towards childrens fare. Because of this, some of the long-running and less savoury characters had to be retired. Still, the humour of the shows was considered sharp-witted enough D _______________________ .

 An interesting aspect of Petrushka, as with other puppet shows, is his unusual voice, made to sound like a funny whistle, or kazoo. This would add a buzzing sound to the character’s speech, E _______________________. Mr Punch of Punch and Judy shows in the UK is one character with a similar voice.

 Petrushka was famously made into a ballet in 1911 by Russian ballet composer Igor Stravinsky. The ballet tells a coming-to-life story of the puppet F _______________________ .

1. to provide entertainment for both children and their parents

2. and follows his journeys as he discovers his thoughts and emotions

3. to force many puppeteers to seek alternative sources of income

4. who entertained the empress during leisurely afternoons

5. which could also be heard in famous puppet shows of other countries

6. whose persona was based on the personality of a court jester

7. which allowed the audience to participate in the various shows

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Do jellyfish sleep?

Worms and fish do it. Birds and bees do it. But do jellyfish fall asleep?
It was after midnight A ______ where the jellyfish were kept. They left the lights off and walked through the room by the glow of their cellphones. The students did not tell anyone that they were doing this. The secret they were keeping was a “totally crazy” experiment aimed at finding out whether jellyfish sleep.

A few weeks before, B ______ whether jellyfish needed to sleep. “Of course not,” said one of them. “Sleep helps C ______. Jellyfish are so simple they don’t even have brains. How could they possibly share the need to sleep?” The others weren’t so sure, but they wanted to find out.

The three students designed an experiment to test different behaviors and see if the jellyfish were asleep. They watched the animals to see how they moved, and D ______ when they were resting. It turned out that the jellyfish moved about 30 percent less at night. It was also harder to get their attention.

Months of late-night studying led to amazing results. Young scientists reported E ______ sleeplike behavior. This made it the first animal without a brain known to do so. The results suggest F ______ life, as the jellyfish group of animals first arose about 700 million years ago, and has stuck with us ever since.

1. if they could get the jellies’ attention

2. how talkative they were in a situation close to

3. when three science students crept into the lab

4. that sleep evolved early in the history of animal

5. strengthen memory and keep the brain healthy

6. that the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea showed

7. the students were having coffee and started debating

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Healthy school meals

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are A _______________________ . Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p, B _______________________ .

Southdown's healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.

Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the link between diet and concentration. “Children's concentration and behaviour C _______________________ .” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren't used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by D _______________________ .

Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special occasions, E _______________________ . The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month F _______________________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of everything we do. It's really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

1. such as Easter and Christmas
2. visiting a local farm
3. local, fresh and organic where possible
4. provide good quality food
5. definitely improve after a good meal
6. and about 100 bags are sold each day
7. when the school was awarded

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Hi-Tech Brings Families Together 

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are A________________. The research looked at the differences in technology use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech gadgets in their home В  ________________. Several mobile phones were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of families have more С________________.

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, D________________, use it every day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said they now spend less time E________________.. Only 58% of 18-29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go online F________________several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web with their children.

"Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet," said the report.

1. than any other group
2. watching television
3. in the company of someone else
4. than two computers in the home
5. communicated with their families
6. helping them communicate
7. owning a mobile

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Santa Claus

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A____________________ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B____________________. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C____________________ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D____________________ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19th centuries big stores E____________________ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F____________________ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

1. was only a matter of time

2. stretches all the way back to

3. is celebrated on the anniversary of

4. became the subject of many legends

5. appeared in American popular culture

6. began dressing up unemployed men in

7. began to advertise Christmas shopping

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Finding your sportsman spirit

Doing sports, we can really test our physical fitness in contest, and it is one of the only ways that nations clash peacefully. Sportsmen and sportswomen are today’s warriors – the contests A _____________on the pitches and courts are the closest things we have to gladiatorial fighting. If sportsmen are like warriors, then the ‘sportsman spirit’ could be considered the closest thing we have to a warrior’s code – to bushido or to chivalry. If you develop good sportsmanship then this means that you take joy in the contest and at the same time B_____________, that you win graciously and that you don’t cheat. If you have put time and effort into training then you are aware of the blood, sweat and tears that the opposition has put in as well.

They will have had the same dedication to their game as you have and you will know precisely C_____________. In this way you are brothers (or sisters) and the only difference between you is D_____________different teams.

For this reason they deserve your respect. There are many traditions in many sports to help us retain good relationships with our opponents. This means things like shaking hands at the end of a tennis match, and this is E_____________and honourable rather than just being muddy skirmishes. You might have performed brilliantly on the pitch, but you are kidding yourself if you believe F_____________of your own doing. If nothing else, the weather and luck will have played a role in the outcome, and if you’re playing a team sport then you are only one cog in a machine.

1. what keeps sports civil
2. who can’t keep their temper
3. that you chose
4. that you respect your opponent
5. that your victory was entirely
6. that are played out
7. what they have been through

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Junior Achievement

Preparing the workforce of the future, Junior Achievement (JA) of Kentuckiana (USA) is the region’s leading provider of life-changing economics programs for students. JA has made the commitment to serve every student in the region four times in his/her school career. JA evaluated the programs A ______________ , and chose those in grades that got the highest impact results: – in the 3rd grade, in upper elementary grades, in middle school, and in high school. In these troubled economic times, it is clearer than ever B ______________ the basics of financial literacy in order to become prosperous and productive citizens. JA is at the forefront of the region’s recovery from the current economic crisis. The recent recession has demonstrated C ______________ .Though JA reaches more than 44,000 students each year in Kentuckiana, there are still countless students D ______________ that they both need and deserve to succeed in a global economy. JA is a partnership between the business community, educators and volunteers, E ______________ succeed. JA’s hands-on, experiential programs teach the key concepts of work readiness and financial literacy. Volunteers embody the heart of JA. By donating 45–60 minutes of time for 5–7 weeks, volunteers help JA become a successful bridge between education and business. Comprehensive classroom materials and a thorough training process prepare volunteers to F______________ .

1. who grow up without the education
2. that were available at several school levels
3. who works hard to build up one’s career
4. that all members of society need to understand
5. enter the classroom and teach JA programs
6. that there is a vital need for work readiness education
7. who work together to inspire students to dream and

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Harry Potter course for university students

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK's first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A   __________modern society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed B                           a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, C                         the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D                        body: “It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E _____________. You just need to read the academic writing which started F                           that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

1. up for the optional module, part of
2. such as the moral universe of the school
3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
4. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
5. to emerge four or five years ago to see
6. such as the response of the writer
7. to growing demand from the student

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Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A ___________and concert halls. The Pantheon, the old temple of all gods, B ___________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and C ___________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square, where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more than 120 islands, D___________and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen hundred years, and for E____________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges. The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F___________.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa, Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

1. that is the largest in Venice.
2. which was built in the early I century.
3. that everyone is dreaming about this trip.
4. which is comparable with modern stadiums.
5. which are сonnected by more than 150 canals.
6. the venue for major international festivals
7. that time it produced a lot of attractions.

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Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I'd been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A _________________ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are В _________________. You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand С _________________.

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D _________________.

You can say that the weather is nice, the restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso's clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E _________________.

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: "isn't it?" People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F _________________.

1. whatever it costs

2. most excellent impression

3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

5. would never know it really well

6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

7. and all this

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The Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower, a worldwide known symbol of France, was built in 1889. It was constructed by Gustave Eiffel for the Universal Exhibition, A ______________Its construction in 2 years, 2 months and 5 days was a significant technical and architectural achievement, B ______________ with great success. Since the 1980s, the monument has regularly been renovated, restored and adapted for an ever-growing public. Over the decades, the Eiffel Tower has seen remarkable achievements, extraordinary light shows and prestigious visitors. On the first floor one can discover the tower's history, technology and know-how in displays or take a tour of Paris sites and monuments, С ____________ Visitors can enjoy the services offered there, D ______________ souvenir shops. For professional events, the reception room Gustave Eiffel is the most original spot to accommodate seminars or cocktail parties. With its 360° view over Paris, the second floor is the perfect floor to take a photographic study of the city or to enjoy gastronomic French cuisine in the restaurant, E ______________ On the third floor one can catch a glimpse of Gustave Eiffel's life through representations of historical scenes with wax figures. As the symbol of France in the world and the showcase of Paris, the tower welcomes almost 7 million visitors a year, making it the most visited monument F ______________.

1. and the tower was met immediately

2. that one has to pay for in the world

3. which is located 125 metres above Paris

4. which are indicated on orientation panels

5. and the high cost of the tower reconstruction

6. including a snack-bar, restaurant, post-office and

7. celebrating the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution

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Moscow University is one of the oldest Russian institutions of higher education. It was named after Academician Mikhail Lomonosov, A ______ . Mikhail Lomonosov was a person of formidable willpower and keen scientific mind, B ______ . Lomonosov's interests ranged from history, art and poetry to mechanics and chemistry. His activity was a manifestation of the enormous potential of Russia, C ______ . Peter I the Great had reformed Russia, D ______ . Great importance was placed on education. In 1724, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences established a university and a grammar school to educate intellectuals and researchers the country needed.

However, these educational establishments did not fulfill the task they had taken on. It was Mikhail Lomonosov who suggested the idea of establishing a university in Moscow. According to Lomonosov's plan, there were originally three faculties. First, all the students acquired a comprehensive knowledge in the field of science and humanities at the Faculty of Philosophy. Then they could specialize and continue at the Faculty of Philosophy or join either the Law Faculty or the Faculty of Medicine. The best students were sent to continue their education abroad, establishing contacts with the international scientific community. From the very beginning elitism was alien to the very spirit of the University community, E ______ .The Decree stated that the university was to educate commoners. Originally tuition at Moscow University was free for all students; later only poor students were exempt from tuition fees. The state funding did not cover all the Universecity expenses and it was partly funded by its patrons, F_____. University alumni supported their alma mater through hard times raising money by public subscriptions. Moscow University played an outstanding role in popularizing science and learning in Russia. Professors of Moscow University greatly contributed to establishing new cultureal centres in Moscow and Russia.

1. that was highly respected by foreign scientists

2. which determined long-standing democratic tradition

3. which allowed the country to reach high standards in many spheres

4. whose scientists occupied the leading positions in the world

5. whose lifelong passion was learning

6. who donated equipment and established scholarships for University students

7. who greatly contributed to its establishment

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Reusable bags

Using fewer resources and producing less waste are issues not only for big corporations and factories to worry about. Each of us can make a big difference in how we impact the environment. People can continue to consume excessively and

create billions of pounds of waste each year, A _______________________ a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle.

Plastic bags do not easily decompose, and they contribute to the pollution of nature. A plastic bag can take from 15 to 1,000 years to break down, depending on the environment. Moreover, the cost of recycling plastic bags outweighs their value. This is another reason B _______________________ to landfill sites. This results in huge piles of garbage C _______________________, releasing bad smells throughout the day and serving as a distraction for tourists.

It is high time for us to use alternative sources, so as to reduce the impact of plastic bags on the environment. One such change is to get rid of plastic bags and use reusable bags.

There are many reasons D _______________________, and it is necessary to switch to reusable bags. A lot of oil and natural gas go into the production of plastic bags, which are not recyclable. Choosing reusable bags saves on these natural resources and protects the environment. Besides, the nature around us is polluted by plastic bags E _______________________ or get into animals’ homes. Sometimes animals try to eat these bags, thinking they are part of nature,

F _______________________.

1. because they often fly away into trees

2. or they can make changes to adopt

3. why plastic bags are not ideal at all

4. because they want to protect nature

5. which may simply lead to their death

6. why most plastic bags find their way

7. that can be easily seen across the city

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The Super Soaker story

Super Soakers are a familiar part of summer fun, but did you know the toy was inspired by a part meant for a refrigerator? It’s true! An accident sparked its creation, but its success took years of hard work. Lonnie Johnson, A _______________________, has always been interested in how things work. As a kid, he took his toys apart and put them back together, B _______________________. In 1982, Johnson’s day job was working on spacecraft in California. In the evening, he worked on his own inventions. One of his projects was a refrigerator that cooled with water C _______________________. One evening, he hooked a part he’d made to a bathroom sink so he could test it. It sprayed a strong stream

of water across the sink! It made Johnson think D _______________________. He made the plastic parts for his water blaster in his basement, put it

together, and asked his seven-year-old daughter to test it. As he watched her water fight with the other kids, he realised she was able to drench them E _______________________. Johnson wanted to make and sell the water blaster himself, F _______________________. He didn’t have that much extra money, so he decided to find a toy company as a partner. He tried and failed for the next 7 years. Since then, the Super Soaker became one of the best-selling toys of all time and has brought a lot of fun to kids everywhere.

1. before her friends even got close with their squirt guns

2. called the Power Blaster, came out in 1990 and ever since

3. which led his friends to nickname Lonnie “The Professor”

4. but it would cost $200,000 to make 1,000 of them

5. instead of the environmentally harmful chemical used then

6. the man behind the invention of the Super Soaker

7. that a high-powered water blaster might be a lot of fun

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State History Museum

The State History Museum is the largest historical museum in Russia. It is situated at the northern end of Red Square in the heart of Moscow. What once was the Principal Medicine Store now houses a huge collection A__________ the Stone Age. It was founded in 1872 and opened to the public in 1883. The museum is housed in a neo-Russian style building, B__________. It is one of the most prominent buildings in Red Square. Each room is in the style of a different period or region. The walls in some rooms are decorated in the style of Russian churches.

The impressive collection of the State History Museum includes relics of prehistoric tribes C__________ present-day Russia. The exhibits about medieval Russia are excellent. Several rooms of this period cover the Mongol invasions D__________.

The 2nd floor is dedicated to the Imperial period. The exhibits include personal items of the royal family members, furniture and decoration from the palace interiors. There are also various pieces of artworks and documents from the era. Specific rooms are dedicated to the reigns of various tsars. An unexpected highlight is an exhibition E__________ by examining the growing network of roads and how people travelled in the past. The State History Museum has also the country’s largest coin collection, the 6th-century manuscripts and artworks F__________ during their reign.

1. which is an attraction in its own right

2. that once inhabited the big territory of

3. and cave paintings of prehistoric times

4. and the consolidation of the Russian state

5. covering Russian history since the time of

6. that were collected by the Romanov dynasty

7. addressing the expansion of the Russian Empire

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Russian souvenirs

Russia is famous for its diversity, as well as its hospitality. The best way to show Russia to someone is to bring home something special. Matryoshka and balalaika are quite stereotypical presents. There are many other goods A ______.

Woolen shawls have always been popular in Russia because of cold winters. The shawls made in Pavlovsky Posad, B ______, are considered to be a traditional Russian gift. Woolen shawls and scarves have been made there since 1795. A wide shawl with a beautiful original pattern on it may be used like a blanket. It is nice to cover oneself up with it sitting in the armchair, watching a movie, C ______. The Pavlovsky Posad manufacture produces scarves for men as well. They can be bought through the Internet, or in brand stores, D ______.

Belyovskaya pastila is a souvenir E ______. It has been made since the 19th century in the town of Belyov near Tula. This is a very special kind of Russian confection. Though it is called "pastila", it is not a marshmallow style delicacy. Belyovskaya pastila is made of dried apples. After they have been dried, they are mixed with egg whites and sugar and whipped. Belyovskaya pastila is similar to a cake, F ______ of apples. It is considered to be a natural product, and it is not of average price. Tourists can buy this kind of sweet at some confectioner's shops throughout Moscow.

1. that one may buy in Moscow as a souvenir

2. which are situated in the centre of Moscow

3. that pleases the people with a sweet tooth

4. although it has a slightly sour taste

5. which is a town not very far from Moscow

6. riding a bike around the villages in Russia

7. reading a book, or drinking coffee or tea

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Unique country

The world first discovered China through the writings of adventurer Marco Polo more than 700 years ago. Ever since, this large Asian country has come to be regarded as the embodiment of everything that is mysterious and exotic. Even now, A__________, this vast country has lost none of its attraction. Indeed, the contrast between China’s ancient customs and the new ultra-modern state has only increased the fascination with its culture B__________.

It is a culture that is much celebrated by the Chinese themselves, as evidenced by the preservation of such important historic sites as the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace in Beijing, C__________. And then, there is the famous Great Wall of China, D__________ from the Yellow Sea to Central Asia. Its countless shrines demonstrate the spirit of age-old Eastern religions. The cities of the Middle Kingdom, E__________ of over a million, and the coastal provinces, are today enjoying a soaring economic boom.

Thanks to its size, China is a great tourist destination. It offers limitless scope for exploration. Whether people choose to travel aboard a luxury cruise ship, F__________, this country is full of incredible experiences and sightseeing opportunities. China has something for every taste and all the essential ingredients for an unforgettable holiday in a beautiful country.

1. after many decades of economic growth
2. more than 50 of which have populations
3. that dates back more than 5000 years
4. winding for 6,700 kilometres all the way
5. each recalling the days of China’s emperors
6. or during the latest years of economic boom
7. or seek out the peace of an ancient temple

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Tourism in Kamchatka  

The range of tourist activities in Kamchatka is really wide. The most wide-spread type of tourism is ecotourism, A__________ and resources of Kamchatka. Fishing, medicinal, cultural and ethnographical tourism are popular as well. Kamchatka offers almost unlimited possibilities for those B__________, and gives the chance to climb not only mountains, but volcanoes as well.

Moreover, many rivers in Kamchatka are good for rafting. In winter one should be prepared for heli-skiing and skiing. In summer trekking, diving, photo safari and bird watching are at one’s service. Besides, this region has a good recreational potential, C__________ take some rest and improve health, thanks to the presence of almost every kind of mineral curative water. Visitors should not forget to try famous Kamchatka dishes, D__________ and other seafood, for example of salmon, which Kamchatka is really famous for.

Many tourist camps were built in Kamchatka in the past few years. Tourist infrastructure is getting better and better nowadays. As for natural wonders, tourists should not miss the famous rock “three brothers” protecting the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The city is located on the bank of the bay, E__________ bays in the world. There is only one way to get there by plane from the European part of Russia –– from Moscow. The ticket price is quite high, F__________ as possible. 

1. who are fond of extreme tourism

2. and tourists may just go there to

3. which are often made of local fish

4. who wants to enjoy the nature as long

5. so one should plan for the journey as early

6. and it is clearly explained by the unique nature

7. which is considered to be one of the most beautiful

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Mir Space Station Dining Table

When living in a cramped space with two or more people for months, you’d think that there would be no need for a special shared zone. But on Russia’s Mir space station, a high-tech dining table is A__________ and discuss aeronautical projects.

The Mir station orbited Earth from 1986 to 2001, straight through the end of the Soviet Union. The station was B__________ habitation. Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov still holds the record for the longest continuous space stay.

The multicoloured dining table was C__________. It came with slots where cosmonauts could heat up tins and tubes of food like liver stroganoff and chicken in white sauce. A built-in vacuum cleaner would suck up any stray crumbs, D__________ could be damaged by dust. The table could also distribute hot and cold water for rehydrating food.

The Mir station was E__________ expected. The table was important as a surface for food prep and work. However, it was also a place where international astronauts could connect and collaborate while breaking bread. The dining table was brought back to Earth to the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics F__________.

1. located in the station’s core module

2. in Moscow, where it can be seen today

3. a place where the crew gather for meals

4. the first experiment with long-term space

5. a vital feature when important equipment

6. appeared at the London Science Museum as

7. in service for 15 years, three times longer than

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City of fountains

Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

2. which is a former royal countryside residence

3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

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Willis Tower today

Willis Tower is the heart of downtown Chicago and the future of work and play. The 110-story building is one of the tallest buildings in the world and
the second tallest building in North America, making it impossible to miss A__________. The magnitude of this magnificent steel frame skyscraper can seem impossible to understand.

Willis Tower is now owned by Blackstone and managed by EQ Office. It is home to more than 100 businesses including law firms, insurance, transportation, financial companies and more. Radio and television stations are broadcast from Willis Tower’s rooftop. 15,000 people work at the Tower each day, B__________. And 12 million people pass by and through
the Tower each year.

It is not surprising C__________. The Tower is not only
an innovator in promoting green practices among its tenants, but also stands D__________ in increasing energy and water efficiency and reducing waste. Over the past 20 years, the Tower has reduced annual electricity consumption by 34% by E__________ and adopting special conservation practices. The building saves 10 million gallons of water each year by relying on reduced water-flow fixtures. These innovations are encouraging those in charge of the building to look into certification for energy efficiency and explore renewable energy resources, such F__________ covered with vegetation.

1. when appreciating the big city’s skyline

2. that the true color of Willis Tower is green

3. as solar and wind power and “green roofs”

4. as a leader among American skyscrapers

5. using new lighting systems and controls

6. that was designed and built many years ago

7. not counting thousands of the building’s visitors

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Improving punctuality

Some people fall into the trap of thinking that it's really no big deal to be consistently late. There’s a saying that goes, “90% of life is just showing up”.
If that's the case, then showing up on time is 100% of life!

There are A__________ others wait for you. If you keep your friends waiting too often, they’ll start to think that you don’t care about your friendship enough to be there on time.

Being consistently late for your job is grounds for contract termination at most workplaces, while being late B__________ on important information. Whatever the situation, there are always benefits of being on time, while there are rarely ever benefits of being late.

First, you’re only using more energy by being late. Having to come up with an excuse for C__________ to do it too often.

You could concentrate D__________ time, freeing up your mental resources. Being late also causes stress, so you’ll save yourself from
a stressful situation just by arriving at the correct time.

Think about it this way: if you come to work on time every day while another co-worker has a less-than-stellar record when it comes to tardiness, who will the bosses be more willing to promote? All other things being equal, being punctual will display good time management skills, E__________.

However you look at it, it’s always going to be more advantageous to arrive at your destination on time. The negative F__________ any positive aspects. Make punctuality a part of your personality.

1. for class could cause you to miss out

2. your lateness is mentally draining if you have

3. very few situations where it’s not rude to make

4. consequences of being late always far outweigh

5. on more important things instead by simply being on

6. aspect of being on time is that you may find yourself

7. and that could mean the difference in getting you the next promotion

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Gorky Park

Gorky Park in Moscow is one of the best recreational places. Moscow’s main city escape is not a conventional expanse of nature preserved inside the urban jungle. It is not a fun fair either, A__________. Its official name says it all –– Gorky’s Central Park of Culture and Leisure. That is exactly what it provides: culture and leisure in all shapes and forms. It especially attracts those B__________. However, people who prefer peaceful places can sail boats or catamaran or take a walk to Neskuchny Garden, located nearby. Here one can always find a quiet place.

The first recreational park of Russia was opened on the 12th of August 1928. It was designed by avant-garde architect Konstantin Melnikov. There were exhibition pavilions, tennis courts, a decorative pool and attractions for kids. There was not such a place C__________. The park was given the name of famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky in 1932. Since then it has been called Gorky Park.

Nowadays, Gorky Park is the central park of Moscow D__________ 20 thousand people on weekdays and more than 100 thousand on weekends and holidays. Since 2011 Gorky Park has become the first world-class amusement park in Russia with space for rest, sport, dancing and games outside. The park offers free entrance, wi-fi coverage, as well E__________. It is a perfect place for an active holiday, with many things to do. Gorky Park now serves F__________, a point of attraction for youth and families. 

1. as a true centre of city life

2. and is attended by more than

3. though the park used to be one

4. who like fun and entertainment

5. as this park in the world at the time

6. as newly designed recreational zones

7. who enjoys cultural events and shows