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ЕГЭ по английскому языку Задание №11 Понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте

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Around Moscow

As one leaves Moscow, the fast-paced modern capital fades from view and the slower-paced, old-fashioned countryside unfolds around. The subtly changing landscape of the Moscow region is crossed by winding rivers and dotted with peasant villages. This is the classic provincial Russia, A__________ writers over the centuries.

Ancient Russian towns and cities situated not far from Moscow are united in the Golden Ring. The towns are arranged in a circular pattern around the capital, forming a ring. These towns, B__________ Russian Orthodoxy, Pereslavl Zalessky, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal and Vladimir, were built between the 11th and 17th centuries. The Golden Ring area provides an excellent opportunity to view a typical old Russian town C__________ monasteries. Today, these towns are often known as open-air museums. The unique monuments of Russian architecture are kept and compiled there, reminding visitors of the dramatic events and different personalities of the past D__________. In Suzdal and Kostroma there are two interesting outdoor architectural museums – entire wooden villages E__________. All the towns of the Golden Ring have been well restored. Many of the buildings are now museums F__________ the country during their Golden Age, an age that lasted over four centuries.

1. that made up glorious Russian history

2. which was immortalized by artists and

3. that still keeps its Kremlin, churches and

4. that were built to represent old Russian life

5. whose contribution is internationally accepted

6. including Sergiev Posad, which is the centre of the

7. tracing the history of the area that was the centre of

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State Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________. However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art, probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings. 

1. that they are particularly interested in

2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians

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Kazan

The exact date of Kazan foundation is unknown. According to the opinions of some historians, it was founded in the second half of the 13th century, but other specialists believe A__________. It is located on the banks of the Volga River. Since 1438 the city was the capital of Kazan Khanate, B__________ Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Nowadays, Kazan is the capital of the Tatarstan republic. Kazan is a large industrial centre of the region. It witnessed many important historical events. Kazan is a very interesting city from the architectural point of view. Here one can see old buildings, C__________ to the present day, for example, the Kremlin with different constructions, the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Marjani Mosque.

The Kazan Kremlin is definitely one of the most attractive places in the city. It is a unique mixture of historical and architectural monuments. The real fortress, with a history lasting through the ages, and its buildings absorbed pieces of Slavic and Turkic cultures, D__________ Muslim and Christian civilizations. On the territory of the Kazan Kremlin tourists will find a complex of old buildings, E__________, sandstone constructions of the
16––18th centuries, as well as some modern museums. Tourists will have a chance to visit a real fortress and feel a breath of ages while walking inside a unique historical monument, F__________ World Heritage Sites in 2000. 

1. and in 1552 it was conquered by

2. that the city was founded in 1177

3. which have been carefully preserved

4. that the city has many tourist attractions

5. which were created in the 10-15th centuries

6. taking the best parts of urban planning from

7. which was included in the list of the UNESCO

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Polenovo

Polenovo is located away from the main transport links to the south-west of Moscow in Tula Region, close to its border with Kaluga Region. It is a surprisingly beautiful estate A__________.

Vasily Polenov is one of Russia’s most renowned landscape painters of the 19th century, and like many Russian artists he had his own country estate, B__________. Polenov’s estate was originally known as Borok, and is located in beautiful surroundings close to the Oka River. It is worth visiting for this reason alone, C__________. At just two hours from Moscow, it is the perfect destination to escape the hustle and bustle of the capital and enjoy the Russian countryside.

On the grounds of the estate there are several museums to visit. The main one is the Large House itself, which was built in 1892 D__________ when Vasily Polenov lived there. The smaller neighbouring building is known as the Abbey, which was used as a workshop, E__________ where the painter worked. After looking around the grounds of the estate, one can walk along the Oka River to the Trinity Church, which is located 1.5km north of the estate just past the village of Byokhovo. On the way visitors can enjoy the beautiful views of the Oka. The church was built between 1904 and 1905 according to a plan by Vasily Polenov himself F__________.

1. and tourists can visit its unique interior and see

2. that was designed and owned by Vasily Polenov

3. and has been carefully restored to how it looked

4. even if one has no interest in Polenov or his work

5. that were regularly invited to his hospitable house

6. which must have provided inspiration for his painting

7. and therefore should not be missed when visiting the estate

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Wonderful underwater life

The ocean graces more than 70 % of our planet, and millions of marine species call these waters home. Whether a person is a novice or an experienced snorkeller, there are plenty of places to witness enchanting underwater life. All one needs is a mask, snorkel and fins A__________.

From sharing the sea with manta rays in the Maldives B__________ and being surrounded by colourful fish in the Caribbean, these are the best places to go snorkelling in the world.

For brilliant marine life and eye-popping coral, there is nowhere better than the Great Barrier Reef. As the planet’s largest reef system, the Great Barrier Reef is made up of 2,900 individual reefs C__________. More than a thousand fish species, along with six species of sea turtles, inhabit the reef. Warming waters are causing the coral to bleach, and scientists predict D__________.  

Komodo National Park is another place to go to enjoy underwater beauty. It is centrally located in Indonesia. Established in 1980 to preserve the Komodo Dragon, the park became a UNESCO World Heritage site six years later. As one of five islands E__________, the park gets a lot of attention, but the surrounding waters can’t be overlooked. Having enjoyed protected status for more than 30 years, the reefs are thriving with a variety of exotic underwater life, F__________. 

1. stretching nearly 1,400 miles off the shoreline

2. including over 1000 species of tropical fish

3. to experience the beauty of unique coral reefs

4. where one can see the unique lizard in the wild

5. to seeing humpback whales in the Dominican Republic

6. that the reef has become a popular tourist sight

7. that the reef may become extinct as soon as 2050

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Unusual tourist attractions

The Kremlin is always the first thing to see in Moscow. Earlier, there was only one route available for visitors to the Kremlin. It includes A____________ with the entrance to Alexandrovsky Garden. Since the end of 2016, tourists have another option to access the Kremlin. The starting point is at Spasskaya Tower in Red Square. The new route features archaeological discoveries, displaying the basements of the demolished monasteries, B____________, as well as the Maly Nikolaevsky Royal Palace.

Boat cruises are very popular in Moscow, C____________. Many enclosed and heated boats with panoramic windows and ice-breaking equipment can be found on the Moscow River. On their way tourists will see the city sights such as Stalin’s skyscrapers and the Kremlin.

For the last five years a lot of Moscow streets have become pedestrian zones. The city authorities ordered the construction of cosy European-style promenades with street lamps, benches and flower beds, D____________.

Russians are the greatest fans of winter, E____________ to the beginning of March. One of the main Muscovites’ leisure activities is skating at popular public places like Red Square, Gorky Park and VDNKh, F____________. At the end of 2016 the new skating-rink started operating on the roof of Moscow City’s 85-floor OKO tower at a height of 354 metres. The view is breathtaking. 

1. visiting the museums of the inner area

2. which is from the end of November

3. dating back to the 14th and 16th centuries

4. and winter activities range from ice-skating

5. and river transportation season never stops

6. which were designed for everyone to enjoy

7. where the Europe’s biggest skating-rink is located

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Letniy Sad

Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the 18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in 1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation, A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures –– copies made of artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century. Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays. 

1. and restorers have done everything possible to keep

2. combining the features of urban and suburban estates

3. which are planned to be the centre of scientific research

4. which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists

5. but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood

6. and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band

7. and from the south and west –– the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal

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Obento: Art in a Lunch Box

Japanese kids eat a good-looking lunch. It is called obento (oh-BEN-toe) A __________. Bento boxes are small containers made out of plastic, wood, or metal and decorated with cartoon characters, animals, or flowers. They have matching chopsticks or silverware containers, bags, cups, and lunch mats.

Inside the bento box, the obento is just as colourful. Many Japanese people believe B __________. There is a Japanese saying: Food should be made C __________. Japanese parents often choose foods with different colours, textures, shapes, and tastes. Then they arrange the food in the bento boxes. They make the obento look nice but also make sure it’s healthy.

What do kids eat as their obento? Rice and side dishes D __________, omelettes made with salt and sugar, small sausages, fish, or meat.

Obento time is special. First, children wash their hands with soap E __________. Then they get their obento from their bags. In the winter, the sensei (teacher) may take their obento out of a warmer for them. Kids put their obento, chopsticks, and cups on their lunch mats F __________. Before eating, they sing a fun song about obento: “We are so happy because it’s obento time. Our hands are washed and clean. Everybody is here now. So, let’s say, “Thank you for the food, Mommy and Daddy.”

1. so that you could eat it with your eyes

2. as they carry it to school in a bento box

3. and their mouth and throat with mouthwash

4. that all food should taste good and look pretty

5. which are arranged over their classroom tables

6. which includes food that is red, yellow, and brown

7. which include pickled, boiled, or steamed vegetables

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The roof of the world

Did you know that Tibet is called the “roof of the world?” Tibet is a small country surrounded on all sides by gigantic snowy mountain peaks. For thousands of years, these towering mountains acted like a fence, A __________. That’s one reason why explorers and writers have called Tibet the roof of the world. It’s hard to get to. The other reason is Tibet’s high elevation. When people climb mountain passes over 17,000 feet above sea level, they gasp for air B __________!

Years ago, the people of Tibet were nomads, C __________. The ground in Tibet is much too rocky and thin to grow crops, so Tibetans centred their daily life and survival on the large ox, the yak. The yaks provided the nomads with nearly everything they needed – D __________. Even yak dung was used for fires.

Tibetan nomads would lead their herds of yaks and sheep across pastures, valleys, and mountainsides in search of the best grazing lands. They did not live in permanent homes made of wood, brick, or stone. When nomads arrived at their destination, they were so skilled at setting up their large yak-hair tents that they had them up in minutes. They could even compete to see E __________, a fire going, and hot tea poured.

Times are changing in Tibet, and more and more people live and work in villages and cities. But there are still nomads F __________.

1. which means people without permanent homes

2. who would be the first one to have their tent up

3. as they may need 30 yaks to carry their supplies

4. milk, butter, meat, and wool for clothes and ropes

5. as they are more than three miles high above the sea

6. keeping people from entering or leaving the country

7. that survive in the mountains just as their ancestors did

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The Super Soaker story

Super Soakers are a familiar part of summer fun, but did you know the toy was inspired by a part meant for a refrigerator? It’s true! An accident sparked its creation, but its success took years of hard work.

Lonnie Johnson, A __________, has always been interested in how things work. As a kid, he took his toys apart and put them back together, B __________.

In 1982, Johnson’s day job was working on spacecraft in California. In the evening, he worked on his own inventions. One of his projects was a refrigerator that cooled with water C __________. One evening, he hooked a part he’d made to a bathroom sink so he could test it. It sprayed a strong stream of water across the sink! It made Johnson think D __________.

He made the plastic parts for his water blaster in his basement, put it together, and asked his seven-year-old daughter to test it. As he watched her water fight with the other kids, he realised she was able to drench them E __________.

Johnson wanted to make and sell the water blaster himself, F __________. He didn’t have that much extra money, so he decided to find a toy company as a partner. He tried and failed for the next 7 years. Since then, the Super Soaker became one of the best-selling toys of all time and has brought a lot of fun to kids everywhere.

1. but it would cost $200,000 to make 1,000 of them

2. the man behind the invention of the Super Soaker

3. before her friends even got close with their squirt guns

4. that a high-powered water blaster might be a lot of fun

5. which led his friends to nickname Lonnie “The Professor”

6. called the Power Blaster, came out in 1990 and ever since

7. instead of the environmentally harmful chemical used then

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Hemingway in Cuba

History and Cuba go hand in hand. About 16 kilometres east of Havana, Cuba’s capital, lies the small town of San Francisco de Paula, A __________ located. It was the part-time residence of Ernest Hemingway for 20 years. He lived there between 1939 and 1959, B __________ during that period.

Upon Hemingway’s death, Finca La Vigia was turned into a museum – the museum of Ernest Hemingway. The house remains as Hemingway left it, with more than 8,000 books on display, as well as artwork, hunting trophies, the author’s typewriter, and other personal belongings.  Visitors are not allowed inside, but it is possible to peek in through the windows, C __________ during rainy weather. One can also wander through the garden to see Hemingway’s fishing boat, Pilar, D __________. The garden is also home to a pet cemetery, the final resting place for some of his beloved cats.

Hemingway fans should also visit the small fishing village of Cojimar, about 20 minutes east of Havana by taxi. During the 1950s, Hemingway visited Cojimar often E __________, The Old Man and the Sea. He also kept his fishing boat, Pilar, there, and could often be seen socialising with locals in the streets of the village.

These days, tourists come to the village to visit the square named in his honour F __________. Perhaps inspired by Hemingway’s legacy, many artists from Havana and other parts of Cuba are drawn there.

1. unless the house is closed up
2. despite all the troubles in Cuba
3. and made it the setting for his novel
4. which he had kept in the local village
5. where Hemingway was brought up
6. where the estate of Finca La Vigia is
7. and see the statue of the famous writer

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Magical transformation of bread

You may eat your sandwich without even thinking about what’s holding it together. But without bread, you won’t have a sandwich. To people from all around the world, bread is an important, familiar food, but it is also an amazing transformer. To turn A __________, your loaf had to go through an extraordinary series of changes.

You only need four ingredients to make bread: water, flour, salt, and yeast. Yeast is a type of microbe, B __________. Flour, C __________, is dry and powdery. When you add water, the flour absorbs the liquid. If you continue mixing, you’ll get a big lumpy blob. As you knead it – D __________ – the blob soon becomes smooth and turns into dough.

After kneading your dough, you must let it rest. It’s time for the yeast to do its job. These tiny creatures eat the sugar in the flour. As they eat, they produce carbon dioxide which forms air bubbles E __________. Bread also needs salt to strengthen dough and make your bread taste good. Now, it’s time to bake.

Even after it comes out of the oven, a loaf of bread keeps changing. As soon as it starts to cool, it starts getting stale. To make hard bread more appealing, it’s best to put it in the oven. The bread becomes softer again. Over time, though, the bread loses flavour and aromas. So, F __________ not be as tasty as it once was. Still, it’s probably good enough for another sandwich.

1. even if you can soften it again, it may

2. press it, stretch it, roll it, and flatten it

3. into those soft, delicious slices of bread

4. inside bread and makes it light and fluffy

5. a living organism which is too small to see

6. you put in an oven and a loaf of bread comes

7. which comes from ground-up grains of wheat

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Beauty of the Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands are some of the most naturally beautiful locations in the Caribbean. The Cayman Islands are three islands made up of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac.

The ocean at sunrise and sunset is the most popular scene with photographers on the Cayman Islands. But these islands are committed to conservation A __________, both above and below the water’s surface. There are many protected coral reefs around these tropical islands to explore and enjoy. Some reefs have small holes and cave-like structures B __________, like silverside fish that hide in the shadows. In addition to the coral reefs around the islands, the shipwrecks in the nearby waters deserve special attention. The Kittiwake shipwreck is the most unusual one C __________, about 76 m long and attracts many tropical fish.

The colourful and colonial architecture of George Town on Grand Cayman is interesting as well. The small duty-free shops and waterfront restaurants along the harbour showcase the life in the village, D __________ on the other side of the island.

The Cayman Crystal Caves provide a glimpse into the amazing life on the islands millions of years ago. Water erosion E __________ of the islands resulted in spectacular crystal formations. There are three wonderful caves to visit, each with delicate stalactite and stalagmite formations, F __________.

1. because it covers a very large area

2. because there is rare beauty to keep

3. which were created one drop at a time

4. that serve as protection for sea life

5. and other attractions of the Cayman Islands

6. which is a contrast to the natural scenery

7. and environmental changes to the landscape

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Climate change

Climate change is putting hundreds of millions of people’s lives at risk, and is threatening nature worldwide – from the poles to the tropics, from mountains to oceans. Many of the world’s biggest challenges, from poverty to dying wildlife, are increased by the climate crisis.

Climate change is caused by increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, A __________ the planet’s weather patterns. Such a rise in the average temperature is often referred to as “global warming.”

Climate and weather are often confused. Weather refers to short-term changes in atmospheric conditions, B __________ a much longer period. That is why we still experience cold, snowy days, even though we are now facing a climate crisis, C __________.

The impact of climate change can be seen everywhere, from melting glaciers resulting in a global rise in the sea level, D __________, more frequent heatwaves, and other extreme weather events. All these extreme weather events threaten people’s lives and nature across the planet. They are also more difficult E __________. The longer people wait to act, the worse the situation will become.

While climate change is a global crisis, its effects are not felt evenly worldwide. The poorest, native people, and future generations are those F __________ greenhouse gases. However, they are often the most affected by the climate crisis.

1. while climate refers to changes over

2. resulting in serious, long-term shifts in

3. who is living in harmony with nature

4. which has resulted from global warming

5. who are the least responsible for

6. and more expensive to recover from

7. to heavier rainstorms, more droughts

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Eastern Himalayas

The Himalayas are the greatest mountain system in Asia, and one of the planet’s youngest mountain ranges. The mountain range extends for A __________ of Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The Himalayas are categorised into three regions – Western, Central, and Eastern Himalayas – from west to east. Best known for B __________, the region of Eastern Himalayas is an important environment for lots of wildlife and people.

The wide range of weather conditions there means C __________. Its lowlands and forests are home to tigers, elephants, and rhinos. It is one of the few places on Earth D __________. Rare snow leopards move around its upper slopes.

Its glaciers and snow caps feed millions of people downstream with fresh water. The Himalayas are sometimes referred to as the “third pole” E __________ than anywhere outside of the poles.

It is a cultural haven too. It is the birthplace of major religions and cultures. Local traditions and lifestyles have been greatly shaped by the environment there. In this economically poor part of the world, isolated communities are very dependent on natural resources.

Sadly, only about a quarter of the area’s original environment is not spoiled in any way. Big parts of forest have been lost in recent decades. And F __________, 90% could be gone by the end of the century! Environmentalists are working hard to stop this.

1. that there is a great variety of wildlife

2. because so many exotic animals are

3. more than 2,400 km across the nations

4. because they contain more frozen water

5. where one finds all three living together

6. if people do not do anything to prevent it

7. having some of the world’s highest peaks

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Babies can lip-read languages

Can you distinguish between spoken English and French? Most people can. But can you tell the difference between an English and a French speaker just A __________? It seems like a difficult task for an adult, but it’s a very easy one for a baby at just a few months of age.

Scientists proved that B __________. In these clips, speakers were reading out the same sentence in one of the two languages. The babies were shown different videos C __________. The same speakers were reading out new sentences, some in English and some in French.

When the languages of the new sentences matched those of the old ones, the infants didn’t react unusually. But they spent more time looking at the monitors D __________. This is a classic test for child psychologists, and it means that the infants saw something that drew their attention. They noticed the language change.

Scientists found that the babies have this ability at 4 and 6 months of age, E __________. Other studies show that around the same time, babies stop hearing differences in sounds from other languages.

At first, babies are good at noticing details in many languages, F __________, they focus only on the one they hear most – usually their native language. To check this, the researchers tested babies who knew two languages. Sure enough, bilingual 8-month-olds could still tell English and French apart by watching lips.

1. but lose it when they are eight months old

2. when the language was switched to another

3. by looking at the movements of their lips

4. when they finally got used to those speakers

5. but if they don’t keep hearing other languages

6. by showing 36 English babies silent video clips

7. but the study shows that everyone uses lip-reading

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Leaning Big Ben

Is Big Ben becoming the British version of the Leaning Tower of Pisa? Surveys of the famous UK landmark in recent years have proven what can barely be seen by the naked eye. Although it is far smaller than the Tower of Pisa’s tilt of almost four degrees, Big Ben is A ______ .

Officials in government seem to be brushing off concerns that the clock tower is in danger of collapsing. They may be right. Considering the tower in Pisa has been leaning for centuries and has yet to fall, B ______ .

If anything, Big Ben’s ever-so-slight lean is a fascinating sight to see, if you can in fact notice it. An onlooker standing in Parliament Square looking head on at the tower might perceive an extremely minor lean to the left C ______ .

The government is not entirely unconcerned about the stability of the tower. However they state that, in light of extensive structural surveys of the building, no immediate risk is present, D ______ .

The tower is leaning in part due to the construction of an underground railway line beneath the structure as well as a car park. In fact, though, many buildings, regardless of what structures are underneath, undergo changes as they age. Most old buildings have a few cracks in them, and E ______ .

This isn’t the first structural issue the tower has encountered in its over 150-year life. In 1976, the weights that control the workings of the clock snapped off and fell down the clock shaft. The clock actually exploded inside F ______ . Luckily no one was hurt, as the accident happened at 4 am.

1. towards a faster, more economical way of repairing the tower
2. in fact, the Houses of Parliament are cracking a bit themselves
3. towards Bridge Street rather than towards the Houses of Parliament
4. and repairs took nearly nine months to be completed
5. meaning building reinforcements can wait until after the next elections
6. in fact leaning by about 0.26 degrees, according to reports
7. worrying about Big Ben’s immediate demise is likely to be a waste of energy

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Пример ответа: 1234567

Rivers and streams

The UK rivers and streams are very important natural features. Not only do they help to make the British landscape attractive and lively, but they have always been crucial for the growth of towns and cities. They have been providing fresh water for drinking and farming, A __________.

Some of the most beautiful rivers in England are called “chalk streams.” Their pure, clear, constant water from underground chalk springs, flowing across gravel beds, makes them perfect sources of clean water. They are ideal places B __________. They are home to all kinds of animals, fish, insects, and plants. The majority of the world’s chalk streams are found in England. There are only about 200 chalk streams in the world. And most of them are in the southern part of England, with a few more in France, C __________.

Unfortunately, far too many of the UK waterways have been overused and undervalued. Several of them are almost dry in some places, and polluted in others. Less than a fifth of England’s rivers are healthy, D __________ on them. In fact, population growth and a big increase in water use have both badly affected the ecosystems of rivers and streams. And recent research has shown E __________ local rivers is wasted.

People can turn this around. Ecologists know F __________ enough water for people and nature if they are looked after properly.

1. which makes them all even more special

2. for lots of wild creatures to breed and grow

3. where there are so many chalk streams that

4. that local rivers and streams can provide

5. that a third of the water people take from

6. and for business and transport over centuries

7. and climate change is putting more pressure

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

Theatre and cinema

Theatre and cinema are two fun ways people enjoy stories. Both show stories and let us feel emotions, A __________.

Theatre is a live show. Actors perform on stage in front of an audience, creating a special atmosphere B __________. The energy in the room can change with each performance, and people often feel a strong connection to the actors. Sometimes, theatre even invites the audience to take part, C __________. Many people – like actors, directors, and helpers – work together to make the play happen.

Cinema, in contrast, uses films that are recorded and edited before being shown on a big screen. This allows for special effects, close-up shots, and perfect timing, D __________. Every time you watch a movie, it is exactly the same. Cinemas show many movies at different times, E __________. Making a movie takes many steps and people, and actors can do scenes many times to get them perfect.

Both theatre and cinema have their own strengths. Theatre is special because it is live, and you can feel the excitement in the room. But tickets can be expensive, and theatres are not everywhere. Cinema is famous for its visual effects, sound, and the ability to reach large audiences. It is often cheaper and shows many different films. Some people love the live feeling of theatre, F __________. Each form has a special place in the world of entertainment, and both continue to attract teenagers and adults alike.

1. where every show is a little bit different

2. though both are forms of performing arts

3. while others enjoy watching movies in a cinema

4. which can make the story more exciting or realistic

5. but they do this in almost completely different ways

6. making the experience more interactive and personal

7. so people can choose what and when to watch

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. 

Пример ответа: 1234567

Amur River region

The Amur River is also known as the Heilong in China. The river covers parts of Russia, China, and Mongolia, A __________ China and south-east Russia. A large region of grasslands and forests, about 1.85 million sq km in size, is around the river.

The Amur region has some of the world’s most extensive temperate forests. These are forests of a rather mild climate area B __________: Although the region there experiences very cold winters, it still supports a varied wildlife. The forests are home for not just rare animals, but trees like the Korean pine, and wild ginseng, C __________.

The most famous residents of the region include Amur or Siberian tigers, and the last remaining wild population of Amur leopards. Amur leopards are critically endangered D __________.

Amur tigers and Amur leopards are top predators with no natural enemies. They play a great role in keeping a healthy balance of wildlife in their environment. This is very important for the local people, animals, and plants that depend on that.

Many of the forest areas in the Amur region remain largely unchanged, E __________ increasing development and the need for resources. The forests also suffer from frequent fires, natural and man-made. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns affect them as well. So, people should be working globally and locally F __________ climate change.

1. which is endangered and should be protected

2. but they are coming under pressure from

3. forming the border between north-east

4. that receives rather heavy rainfall

5. which is a traditional medicinal plant

6. to deal with the causes and effects of

7. as there may be about 120 left in the wild

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Пример ответа: 1234

Kupala Night

Kupala Night, also known as Ivan Kupala, is a traditional Slavic holiday A _______, celebrated in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland and other countries. It comes from pre-Christian pagan traditions and is associated with nature, fertility and the celebration of the sun.

One of the main traditions is lighting big bonfires. People gather around the fires, sing folk songs and dance. The bravest ones try to jump over the fire. This act is believed to purify the body B _______.

Another tradition involves water. On Kupala Night, water has special magic powers. Young people often bathe in rivers and lakes, C _______. Water is also used for fortune-telling. Girls make wreaths from wild flowers and herbs and set them afloat on rivers. If the wreath sinks, it is considered a bad omen, D _______. However, if the wreath floats away, it is a good sign.

1. because they believe it will bring them health and good luck

2. which happens every year at the beginning of summer

3. that remind people of the importance of nature and community

4. because water is believed to wash away all the negative energy

5. and it may tell them something about their future husband