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ЕГЭ по английскому языку Задание №29 Лексико-грамматические навыки: словообразование 29

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Пример ответа: foundation

Christmas

Christmas is the most important annual festival in both Britain and North America. In its origins, it combines the Christian (25)__________ (CELEBRATE) of the birth of Christ, on 25 December, with the ancient tradition of a winter feast during the darkest period of the year.

Christmas carols — a special kind of religious songs — are an important part of it. You may hear them (26)__________ (COUNT) times over the radio but it is quite different when you listen to people sing carols around you in church.

At this time, too, many carol (27)__________ (SING) make door-to-door visits to people at home, collecting money for this or that charity.

Many weeks before Christmas, shops start selling (28)__________ (VARY) Christmas cards and Christmas gifts.

Shop (29)__________ (OWN) decorate their shops with holly, mistletoe, candles and colourful paper chains and lanterns.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Arbor Day and Earth Day

The first Arbor Day took place in April, 1872 in Nebraska. It was the brainchild of Julius Sterling Morton (1832-1902), a Nebraska journalist and (25)________ (POLITICS) originally from Michigan.

When he became a member of Nebraska’s state board of agriculture, he proposed that a special day be set aside dedicated to tree planting and increasing (26)_________ (AWARE) of the importance of trees. Nebraska’s first Arbor Day was an amazing success. More than one million trees were planted.

On April 22, 1970, Arbor Day (27)_________ (ACTIVE) were modified to emphasize the critical importance of the environment.

It was a time when cities were buried under their own smog and polluted rivers caught fire. Earth Day was created to remind people of their (28)__________ (RESPONSIBLE) to protect the planet.

Now Earth Day is celebrated (29)__________ (ANNUAL) around the globe.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Tourism in Britain

Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. Most (25)_________ (VISIT) come in the summer months when they can expect good weather.

Tourists (26)___________ (USUAL) spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities.

Perhaps the least visited places in England are old (27)_________ (INDUSTRY) towns.

But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the (28)_________ (REAL) of Britain.

The (29)__________ (GREAT) of the past is to be still seen in their old streets.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Australia

Australia is an island continent and the world’s sixth largest country. The continent and the island of Tasmania, off its (25)_________ (SOUTH-EAST) coast, make up the Commonwealth of Australia.

Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. The largest State, Western Australia, is about the same size as Western Europe. The country has a (26)__________ (PARLIAMENT) system of administration modeled on the British one, and the state and federal structures are broadly similar.
Australia’s system of administration is based on the (27)__________ (DEMOCRAT) tradition.
Australia is still a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, but although Britain’s king or queen is the Australian Head of State, Australia is (28)__________ (FULL) autonomous.
The British sovereign is represented by the governor-general and state governors, whose (29)__________ (NOMINATE) for the post is ratified by the monarch of the day.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Global Language

It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. (25)_________ (SCIENCE) say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.
In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages (26)_________ (NATURAL) changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.
Nowadays, globalization influences the (27)_________ (DEVELOP) of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.
Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that (28)_________ (SPEAK) of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.
If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically (29)__________ (APPEAR), becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German.

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Пример ответа: foundation

The Power of the Great Pyramid

In the 18th century a large number of foreigners came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt. One of the most (25)_________ (POWER) people of that time, Napoleon Bonaparte, also visited the Pyramid.

His expedition to Egypt in 1798 was not only military but archeological as well. He took with him specialists in different spheres of science. The (26)_________ (SCIENCE) measured, explored and made many drawings of Egyptian pyramids.

One day Napoleon with several (27)________ (SERVE) came to the Great Pyramid of Cheops. There he wanted to be left alone.

When he came out he was pale. ‘Are you all right, sir?’ asked the guide. Napoleon was silent. Then he said (28)__________ (SAD), ‘Never mention this matter again. Ever!’

Years later, his friend Tomblier asked him what he had seen in the Great Pyramid. Napoleon stared at Tomblier for a while, then said only two words, ‘Something (29)_________ (POSSIBLE)!’ He never spoke about it again.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Invention of Computer

Many encyclopedias state that the first computer was developed in America by Howard H. Aiken and his team between 1939 and 1944. It was a huge programme-controlled machine capable of performing a very complex (25)__________ (CALCULATE).

After World War II, however, an important (26)__________ (DISCOVER) was made: a computer had actually been created in Germany in 1941 by Konrad Zuce.

Zuce also developed the first real programming language, which demonstrates an amazing (27)__________ (SIMILAR) to some advanced computer languages used today.

Unfortunately, the contribution of this man, who was far ahead of his time, remains (28)__________ (KNOWN) to many people.

Perhaps, from the point of view of the “official” history of computing, it is (29)__________ (POSSIBLE) to overlook the fact that Konrad Zuce was on the wrong side during World War II.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Invention of Bubble Gum

Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is (25)__________ (USUAL) pink in colour and has a particular flavour.

In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum recipes and, by accident, invented a (26)__________ (DIFFER) gum.

It was less (27)__________ (STICK) than regular chewing gum and it stretched more easily.

When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw the (28)__________ (POSSIBLE) of making money.

He took the gum, which he had given the name Dubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a (29)__________ (DEMONSTRATE) to the salesmen to show the extraordinary features of his gum.

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Invention of Crossword Puzzle

Crossword puzzles are among the most popular word puzzles in the world. However, their history is (25)__________ (REAL) short.

They appeared in England in the 19th century, but the (26)__________ (APPEAR) of the first published crossword puzzle took place in 1913 in the New York World newspaper.

Its author was Arthur Wynne, a (27)__________ (JOURNAL) who was born in Liverpool, England.

Wynne’s puzzle looked much (28)__________ (DIFFER) from modern crosswords and did not contain black squares.

At first, only the New York World published such puzzles regularly. After a collection was printed in book form in 1924, crossword puzzles quickly gained (29)__________ (POPULAR).

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Пример ответа: foundation

Migrating Birds

In autumn you can see large flocks of birds flying from Russia to warmer countries. In spring, they come back to us. Migration is the periodic seasonal (25)__________ (MOVE) of birds.

The main routes connect Europe and Africa, Europe and South-Eastern Asia and Australia, North and South America. How do we know about these routes? (26)__________ (SCIENCE) study birds. They catch birds, place small bands with numbers on the birds’ legs and then let the birds fly away. Some of these banded birds are caught again. The band tells about the route.

Some birds fly very (27)__________ (QUICK) and they can feed on the wing. They migrate in the daytime.

Swallows and swifts do this. Cuckoos fly during the night and rest and feed during the day. Swimming birds can fly both during the day and night, in complete (28)__________ (DARK).

How long can birds fly for without a stop? The tiny hummingbird weighs only about as much as a small coin. But it has (29)__________ (POWER) wings.

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The Least Successful Explorer

Thomas Nuttall spent many years studying the plants and trees in north-west America. He was different from most other explorers because he was almost always lost. One night he did not come back and a group went out to search for him. When Nuttall heard them in the (25)__________ (DARK), he was frightened.

You may think it’s (26)__________ (POSSIBLE), but he believed that they were Indians and tried to escape.

Getting more and more angry, Nuttall’s (27)__________ (SERVE) chased him for three days through the forest and across rivers until he accidentally arrived back at their tents.

Another day the (28)__________ (SCIENCE) was lost again. He was walking for many hours, he felt very tired, so he lay down to rest.

An Indian found him lying there. Nuttall did not look dangerous. In fact, he looked quite helpless. The Indian felt sorry for him and decided not to kill him. Instead, the strong-built, (29)__________ (POWER) man picked the explorer up and carried him three miles to the river.

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Tourism in Britain

Tourism is already Britain’s fifth most important industry and is growing (25)__________ (RAPID).

Britain has a rich and varied cultural heritage. (26)__________ (COLOUR) royal ceremonies attract millions of visitors each year.

London has an international reputation for its historic sites and museums. It is a city of infinite colour and (27)__________ (VARY).

Historic cities such as Oxford, Cambridge and Bath are visited by large numbers of (28)__________ (FOREIGN).

People travelling to Scotland, the Lake District and other upland areas find unique (29)__________ (EXCITE) places and scenery.

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Wild Animal Park

The wild world of animals attracts many people. As human civilisation pushes animals out of their natural habitats, (25)__________ (SCIENCE) and concerned citizens ask what will happen to wildlife.

One institution that pioneered research into the (26)__________ (CONSERVE) of rare animals is the Wild Animal Park in San Diego, California.

Although tourists can visit it, the park is a huge preserve where animals move (27)__________ (FREE) and visitors can photograph rare species in surroundings close to their natural habitat.

People from many countries helped with the (28)__________ (DEVELOP) of the Park. It was planned in 1959 and eventually opened in 1972.

The park is divided into (29)__________ (GEOGRAPHY) sections, with areas resembling natural habitats in Africa and Asia.

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Chemistry or no chemistry

I was planning a career in biology but was not looking forward to taking chemistry in my first year at Carleton University in Ottawa. However, the professor of chemistry was a famous (25)__________ (SCIENCE).

Once, he posed the question: “What in the world isn't chemistry?” and offered a prize to the student who answered (26)__________ (CORRECT).

A couple of weeks passed. (27)__________ (FINAL), he announced in class that the contest was over. A student had gone to his office to ask if she could try her hand at the question. “What in the world isn't chemistry?” she asked.

“My (28)__________ (RELATION) with my last boyfriend — that wasn't chemistry.”

By default, she became the (29)__________ (WIN).

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Morse Code

Before phones, computers and telegraphs existed, messages sometimes took months or even years to arrive. Samuel Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in April 1791, without knowing that one day he would become a famous (25)__________ (INVENT).

From the age of four, Morse had been interested in (26)__________ (DRAW) and dreamed of becoming a painter. His parents worried that he would not be able to earn a living through art, so they encouraged him to work as a bookseller.

(27)__________ (FINAL), his parents understood how strongly he loved art and found the money for him to study in London.

After a (28)__________ (SUCCESS) career as an artist, first producing historical paintings and later portraits, Morse built the first American telegraph around 1835.

In 1837 he patented a working telegraph machine with the help of his (29)__________ (BUSY) partners, Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail.

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Great Britain at the 2012 London Olympics

This is certainly the greatest Games for Britain in more than a century, and realistically the greatest ever. The British were more (25)__________ (SUCCESS) only once in 1908, in London, when a third of all the competitors were from the UK.

Gold medals came from 13 different sports as several made (26)__________ (IMPRESS) breakthroughs, including in canoe slalom, road cycling, triathlon and taekwondo.

(27)__________ (SWIM), however, brought no gold medals in the Aquatics Centre.

They won just one silver and two bronze medals and a review was launched into their (28)__________ (TRAIN).

Optimists may also conclude from London 2012 that the British team came within a whisker of at least five or six more Olympic titles. However, nobody can (29)__________ (SERIOUS) suggest second place for the UK at the next Olympics.

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Famous Invention Stories

From the (25)__________ (BEGIN) of human history, people have constantly invented new things.

Looking at the past reminds us that ordinary people were capable of producing (26)__________ (SUCCESS) ideas that later changed the world.

Stories about inventions may provide inspiration or useful material for an (27)__________ (EDUCATION) project.

Some famous inventions appeared (28)__________ (SIMPLE) by accident, while others resulted from repeated experiments.

The (29)__________ (INVENT) of many well-known products have fascinating stories to tell.

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When was the parachute invented?

Have you ever felt like jumping out of a plane? Plenty of people have, but (25)__________ (THANKFUL) most of them did it after parachutes had been invented.

Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480s. He had over 100 (26)__________ (DRAW) that illustrated his theories on flight.

He designed a parachute in the 1480s, though he didn’t try it out. Another (27)__________ (INVENT), Faust Vrande, jumped using a similar design in 1617.

In 1783, around the same time as the first hot-air balloon, Sebastien Lenormand invented a parachute, which he demonstrated by jumping from a tree, but it was only four meters high. A few years later, having refined his design, he made a (28)__________ (SUCCESS) jump from a taller tower.

In 1785, Jean Pierre Blanchard used a dog to test his parachute design. The dog was fine, and so was Blanchard when he used the parachute in 1793 to escape a balloon accident. These early parachutes didn’t catch on because there weren’t any flying machines around to make them (29)__________ (REAL) useful.

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2012 London Olympics

How has London 2012 changed the sporting map of the world? The United States won the highest number of gold medals and the most medals in total, with China dropping to second place on the medals table after unprecedented (25)__________ (DOMINATE) at their home Olympics in Beijing four years ago.

The third place for Great Britain exceeded all (26)__________ (EXPECT).

Previously, 2008 Beijing Olympics were considered the most (27)__________ (SUCCESS) for the British with only the fourth place.

In 2008, Russia took the third place. This year, Russia fell out of the top three (28)__________ (WIN) for the first time since the end of the Soviet era.

South Korea improved to the fifth, their best finish since hosting the Games in Seoul 24 years ago. For Australia it was a (29)__________ (COMPARATIVE) miserable Olympics, where it took the tenth place.

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Cyberspace communication

Nowadays most of us go to our computers to connect with friends instead of using our phones. Cyberspace relationships have become the norm for many people, even the most (25)__________ (CONSERVE) ones.

The convenience and (26)__________ (EFFECTIVE) of the Web is amazing. If we want to see a movie, find a place to eat or get in touch with a friend, we go to the Web before we call on the phone.

Critics, however, say that cyberspace communication loses some important factors of the social atmosphere. Most Web (27)__________ (USE) don’t understand that when we talk to someone, we get many messages from them just by their tone of voice and body language.

A tender (28)__________ (EXPRESS) and eye contact cannot possibly be experienced over the Internet.

As with anything we do, without regular practice the act can become unfamiliar and (29)__________ (COMFORT).

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History of animated cartoons

Cartoon animation has a long history. A cartoon is made by drawing many pictures and showing them one after another so quickly that the pictures (25)__________ (FINAL) seem to move. The most prominent of animated cartoons were made by Walt Disney.

Walt Disney, the (26)__________ (CREATE) of Mickey Mouse, is a legend of the 20th century.

He invented the special camera which was used in his studios during the thirties and forties to create (27)__________ (ORIGIN) animated pictures.

Through his work he brought joy, (28)__________ (HAPPY), and a universal means of communication.

Walt Disney’s worldwide (29)__________ (POPULAR) is based upon the ideas his name represents: imagination, optimism, and self-made success in the American tradition.

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Пример ответа: foundation

The most important liquid on Earth

Water is a vital element in each of our lives. Not only is it essential to our health, but we also use it for (25)__________ (VARY) household tasks. Every day we use water for cooking, bathing, and cleaning, and drinking; but how often do we think about its source?

(26)__________ (CONSUME) receive their water from one of two sources: a private well, or a community water system.

Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population relies on (27)__________ (INDIVIDUAL) owned and operated sources of drinking water, such as wells, cisterns, and springs.

Those who receive their water from a private well are solely (28)__________ (RESPONSE) for the safety of the water.

Private wells are not subject to different federal (29)__________ (REGULATE), and are generally regulated on a very limited basis by states.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Transport in Bangkok

Bangkok is known as the “Venice of the East”. Today, many of the canals have been filled in and paved over to make room for roads, but a massive network of waterways still crosses the city. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries Bangkok experienced (25)__________ (EUROPE) influence.

As a result, the city (26)__________ (SLOW) shifted to a road-based transport system.

Over the last decade, Bangkok has evolved from a humid riverside city into a modern, rapidly growing Asian (27)__________ (COMMERCE) centre.

The Suvarnabhumi Airport, which is located 25km east of the city centre, contributed greatly to Bangkok’s (28)__________ (DEVELOP).

A modern, convenient elevated rail link connects the airport to the city in 30 minutes, helping (29)__________ (VISIT) avoid traffic jams.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Victoria Falls

Before you even see the falls, you hear and feel them. As you walk along the trail to the entrance, the sound of rumbling water sounds in the background and (25)__________ (SUDDEN) your face is hit with a breeze of humidity and mist.

At 2 km wide and 100 m tall, Victoria Falls is the world’s largest curtain of falling water, and is twice the width and height of Niagara Falls. Victoria Falls was formed from intense (26)__________ (VOLCANO) activity almost 200 million years ago.

As you approach Victoria Falls from the nearby town of Livingstone, you first have to pass a larger-than-life statue of Livingstone, one of the most (27)__________ (FAME) explorers.

“Livingstone was the first (28)__________ (EUROPE) to see Victoria Falls and then spread the word about them,” said Dr. Lawrence.

“Part of the reason the news of great waterfalls in central Africa was so (29)__________ (EXCITE) in the middle of the 19th century was that many people thought that the centre of the continent was a desert,” he added.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Don’t swim with ‘Dusty’

Dolphins are known for their gentle personality. But the celebrity dolphin, ‘Dusty’, one can see in Doolin Harbour, County Clare, Ireland is different. This female dolphin is well-known for her (25)__________ (AGGRESSION) behaviour.

One day she was bathing next to a wall and stone steps of the harbour, with two (26)__________ (SWIM) nearby.

She soon turned sinister as she began to bash her tail on the surface of the water in a sign of anger and (27)__________ (IRRITATE), causing enormous splashes.

(28)__________ (SUDDEN) the dolphin surged through the water and hit a woman, leaving her screaming in pain.

The (29)__________ (FORTUNATE) woman began shouting for help.