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Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
Пример ответа: 1234567
1. First in everything
2. A historic moment
3. Completely different from Earth
4. How to become an astronaut
5. Influenced by an accident
6. Astronauts’ pastimes
7. Various names
8. Astronauts’ meals
A. Astronauts spend most of their time doing science experiments that can only be done in outer space. Even though they work long hours, astronauts do get breaks. They may use their breaks to play games with their crewmates, read, watch movies, or talk to their families on Earth. One of the favourite ways for astronauts to spend their breaks is by just sitting and looking out the window. Seeing the Earth from a distance is a very rare treat that most people don’t get to see.
B. The very first astronauts who went up into space ate some interesting things. A lot of their food was ground up and put in tubes that looked like toothpaste. Today though, astronauts have food choices that are pretty much the same ones we have. Eating in space is a bit tricky because there is no gravity. Food packages have to be attached to trays. Salt and pepper actually come in a liquid form because if you shook salt and pepper in space, it would all just float away in the air.
C. Sleeping on the space station is a lot different than sleeping down on Earth. Astronauts have only tiny rooms to sleep in and often sleep in small compartments or in sleeping bags. The biggest difference between sleeping on Earth and sleeping in space is gravity. Without gravity, there isn’t really any up or down so sometimes astronauts sleep standing up. Also, astronauts often strap their sleeping bags to the walls so that they don’t float away.
D. People who want to work in space have to go through lots of training. Most astronauts study things like engineering, math, science, or computer technology. Many astronauts have also had military training. Besides, astronauts need to be in good physical shape and must be good at working with others. Men and women who meet the requirements enter a competitive application process and, if selected, then train for several years before taking off into space.
E. The term “astronaut” derives from the Greek words astron, meaning “star”, and nautes, meaning “sailor”. Although the word “astronaut” is often widely used to talk about someone who works on a spacecraft, it is sometimes used to describe someone who works for the United States’ space program. Astronauts from other countries are sometimes called differently; for example, in Russia they are cosmonauts and in China they are taikonauts.
F. After Mr. Armstrong took his famous first steps on the moon, he was joined several minutes later by his fellow astronaut, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, while the third man on their mission, Michael Collins, orbited their spacecraft around the moon and prepared the team for their victorious return to Earth. Upon taking his first steps onto the moon, Armstrong said the famous words “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
G. The third of four children, Yuri Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934, in a small village a hundred miles from Moscow. As a teenager, Gagarin saw a Russian Yak fighter plane make an emergency landing near his home. Years later, when offered a chance to join a flying club, he eagerly accepted, making his first solo flight in 1955. Only a few years later, he submitted his request to be considered a cosmonaut.
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Strange but true
2. Figuratively speaking
3. Iron and gold
4. A visitor from the space
5. Useful in many ways
6. Key facts
7. From the history of iron
8. Famous on screen
A.Iron is a chemical element. Its symbol is Fe and its atomic number is 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is by mass the most common element on our planet, forming much of the Earth’s outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth’s crust. Pure iron is rare on the Earth’s crust, basically being limited to meteorites. However, there are a lot of iron ores, but you need temperatures of 1500 °C or higher to get them.
B.Iron has been known to the mankind since ancient times. The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites. Most objects that fall to earth from space are stony, but a small proportion are ‘iron meteorites’ with iron contents of over 90%. Iron corrodes easily, so iron artifacts from ancient times are much rarer than objects made of silver or gold. Artifacts made from meteorite iron have been found dating back to about 5000 BC and so are about 7000 years old.
C.It might be interesting to know that Earth has enough iron to make three new planets, each with the same mass as Mars. Iron is ferromagnetic. Ferromagnetism is the strongest type of magnetism. Moreover, iron was the first magnetic metal discovered. It is even more interesting that some animals have a sixth sense – the magnetic sense. Among them are honey bees, homing pigeons and dolphins. The Earth’s magnetic field helps them to navigate and return home successfully.
D.Iron is the cheapest and most important of all metals, important in the sense that iron is overwhelmingly the most commonly used metal, accounting for 95% of worldwide metal production. Iron is used to manufacture steel and other alloys important in construction and manufacturing. Iron is also vital in the functioning of living organisms, transporting oxygen in blood via the hemoglobin molecule. Iron is essential for human brain development.
E.In ancient times, people did not know how very abundant iron was on Earth. Their only source of metallic iron was meteorites. From Assyrian writings we have learnt that iron was eight times more valuable than gold. In addition to its rarity, iron may also have been very desirable because of it coming from the sky. It was thought to be a gift from the gods: the ancient Egyptians called it ‘the metal of heaven’. The connection with heaven is proved by the Pyramid Texts.
F.Iron Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and then films. The character made his first appearance in March 1963. In the story, a wealthy American business magnate and a talented scientist Tony Stark suffers a chest injury. He creates a powered suit of iron armour to save his life. Later, Stark develops this suit, adding weapons and other technological devices. Both kids and adults love the story of Iron Man.
G.There are many expressions with the word ‘iron’ in the English language. The British sometimes use the expression ‘the iron horse’ to speak about a train or a locomotive. When a native English speaker says that they ‘have many irons in the fire’, it means that they have several things to do. The proverb ‘Strike while the iron is hot’ means that you should take advantage of the time and the situation as quickly as possible. It is quite interesting to learn such phrases.
Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Good for kings
2. A picturesque location
3. A northern influence
4. Nights are for sleeping
5. It worked!
6. Unseen treasures
7. Dance with the devil
8. Hungry for in-person events
A. Every third Saturday in May, museums in many countries around the world remain open until midnight or even later, some of them until the early morning hours. This international cultural event is known as the Long Night of Museums or the Night of Museums and has already become a tradition. The main reason for the event is to attract more people to museums, especially young people, and to show what museums have to offer. This policy has proved effective: in 2021, almost 2 million people visited museums that night.
B. The first Long Night of Museums took place in Berlin in 1997. One of the inspirations for its creation was the annual White Nights Festival of classical music that is held every year in St. Petersburg, Russia, from June 12 to July 2 – the time when the northern skies of Russia’s ‘second capital’ never reach complete darkness. The second place that took up the idea of the Long Night of Museums was Paris, where this cultural event first took place in 2002 and included performing arts.
C. The first Night of Museums in Russia was held in 2002 in Krasnoyarsk. St. Petersburg and Saratov joined the new tradition in 2006, while Moscow and Ekaterinburg joined it in 2007. Later, the event became very popular in Russia, and in addition to museums, some of the embassies in Moscow opened their doors for the visitors. Embassies in Moscow often occupy beautiful 19th century mansions that are famous for both their architecture and interior design. This was the first time they were open to the public.
D. In 2021, in addition to the Night of Museums, and perhaps, to make up for the year 2020, when only online tours were possible because of COVID, the City of Moscow held Days of Historic and Cultural Heritage from April 18 to May 31, when as many as 18 embassies welcomed tourists. Among these were the British and American Ambassador’s residences, the embassies of France, Italy, Norway and other countries. To be able to see these legendary buildings people had to sign up well in advance.
E. The British Ambassador’s residence is located across the Moskva River from the Kremlin, in Sofiyskaya Embankment. The building was built in the early 1890-s by Russia’s biggest sugar manufacturer Pavel Kharitonenko. The gothic interior design by architect Schechtel makes it one of the most beautiful buildings in Moscow. The building was given to the British Embassy in 1929. During their official visits to Moscow Queen Elizabeth II in 1994, Princess Diana in 1995 and Princess Royal Anne in 2014 stayed in this building.
F. Spaso House, the residence of the American Ambassador in Moscow, is located in Spasopeskovskaya Square near Arbat street, close to the location depicted in Vasily Polenov’s famous painting “Moscow Courtyard”. The building was built in 1913 and until 1917 belonged to the textile industrialist Nikolay Vtorov. It has been the residence of the US Ambassador since 1933. Concerts and art exhibitions are often held at Spaso House, but none of them can compare with the Spring Festival of 1935.
G. In April, 1935, the US Ambassador Bullitt decided to throw an extraordinary party at his residence. Trees and flowers were ordered for the decorations, birds and animals were borrowed from the Moscow Zoo, including parakeets, pheasants, goats and even a baby bear! Soviet ministers and generals were among the 400 guests, as well as the writer Mikhail Bulgakov. The Spring Festival lasted all night, and later Bulgakov used this setting for the Spring Ball of the Full Moon, aka Satan’s Ball, in his novel The Master and Margarita.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. The city's decline
2. Difficult early times
3. A port needed for trade
4. The status still kept
5. The time of wealth
6. A centre of technology
7. A long-awaited fortress
8. Glorious war history
A. Today, Russia is washed by 13 seas. However, this was not always the case. In the 16th century, the country had only been able to directly access the Arctic Ocean and fought a hard battle to establish some sort of a presence in the Baltic Sea. In 1581, during the Livonian War, Swedish forces captured Narva, which was the only large Russian port on the Baltic coast at that time and was of strategic importance to Russia. So, the Russian tsar Ivan IV had nothing left to do but to look to the north.
B. In absolute terms, European trade was booming in the 16 century, new trading routes were searched for. It was nearly impossible for Russia to engage in trade with Western Europe in such conditions, but it was absolutely necessary for Russia's continued development. English traders by then had already carved a route to Russian settlements on the shores of the White Sea. However, there were too few local piers for effective trade to take place. A large full-fledged port was required for merchants' ships.
C. On March 4, 1583, the tsar ordered the establishment of a city near the Mikhailo-Archangel monastery, located at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River, 30 kilometres from the White Sea. The following year, the New Kholmogory fortress was built there and, from the 17 century onwards, it became known as Arkhangelsk. The fortress was constructed from masts tied together. The most skillful master of carpentry could not have produced anything better. It became Russia's only route into Europe then.
D. Arkhangelsk developed rapidly as a city, and there were many good reasons for that. A large sea pier was constructed, as well as trade centres for foreign merchants - so-called Guest Courts. Brits, Dutch and other "Germans" brought imported cloth, velvet, lace, wines, precious stones, gunpowder and cannons, bringing back with them wheat, pork and pork fat, sable, sap and other goods. Almost all of Russia's trade with the West in those days used to be conducted through Arkhangelsk.
E. Peter I visited the city in 1693 and came to be rather impressed with what he saw: the amount and variety of foreign ships dazzled the young tsar. On his orders, the shipyard was founded, which oversaw the construction of the Russian trading and naval fleet.
On June 25, 1701, at the very start of the Northern War against Sweden, the enemy attempted to take the city, but was crushed in the area near the Novodvinsk fortress, which guarded the approaches. This became the first major Russian victory in that war.
F. At the start of his reign, Peter I accomplished a lot for the development of Arkhangelsk, but, in the end, it was also he who bore the blame for the fading glory of this key centre of Russian trade. After the tide of the war turned in Russian favour, the tsar's decrees began deliberately redirecting the flow of trade from Arkhangelsk to St. Petersburg. In 1718, only a third of the exports went through the northern port. And after the war ended, St. Petersburg presided over 100 % of all trade with Western states.
G. Until Peter I fought to create his "window to Europe" through the Baltic Sea, the only window of such kind Russia had ever had was situated in the Arctic Ocean. It was the city of Arkhangelsk. Arkhangelsk has long stopped being the main port in Russia, and the city never served the purpose of the "northern gate" in the country. However, there is one area it never fell behind in - as in the 18th century, the city continues to play a major role in the launching of scientific expeditions into the Arctic Ocean.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Taste this city
2. City of many epithets
3. Different from the past
4. Skyscrapers and amusement parks
5. City as a shooting area
6. Middle Ages authenticity
7. Walk and bathe
8. Influence and history
A. Cape Town has had an ever-changing reputation as a city. Burdened with the legacy of apartheid, the capital of South Africa has reinvented itself as a vibrant city with new and exciting restaurants opening constantly, trendy shops, and a bustling art and culture events calendar. There is plenty to partake in and see around here, and the city centre is set up in a grid making it easy to get around without getting lost as you walk around.
B. The city that never sleeps, New York has something different to offer at every corner. While public transportation is easy to figure out and available everywhere, the city is also completely walkable. In fact, an entire day can be spent just walking around Central Park, discovering all the different monuments and buildings there. At the same time, there is also a lot of history in New York City. New York has been the birthplace of many movements and has impacted culture in a way many other cities have not.
C. The best way to get to know the city of Paris is on foot. Each alleyway offers an enchanting cafe to stop by and sip a glass of wine or indulge in a fresh pastry or bread. Many would say the best way to experience Paris is through your mouth, as the food and wine here is unlike any other. But the history is just as enticing. Take a tour of all the prominent places in the city, from the Notre Dame to the Luxembourg Gardens.
D. You could travel around Budapest using the underground subway, but then you’d be missing most of the city. Stay above ground and truly discover everything Budapest has to offer on foot. Cross the Danube River and begin to understand the differences between the two segments of the city, Buda and Pest. Join a walking tour that will take you to all the major sites. After walking, don’t forget to take a soak in one of Budapest’s famous baths.
E. It's a great idea to come to Hong Kong to learn about the history, the economy, and the local cuisine from a local guide. The city seamlessly juxtaposes skyscrapers with incense filled temples, a fantastic business environment with great universities, treks into lush green places with a legendary nightlife, and glitzy malls with wet markets that display unrecognisable sun-dried foods. If you've still got some energy left from exploring the attractions, add a few days’ worth of trips to the local amusement parks, Disneyland Hong Kong and Ocean Park.
F. Mumbai is the most populated city in India, which happens to be the second most populated country in the world, making it an extremely crowded place. Trying to drive or bike around town may prove to be more of a headache than a vacation, making this the perfect city for walking tours. Home to the award-winning film “Slumdog Millionaire,” there are tours based just upon the movie and its impact. The most interesting places are the Open Air Laundry, Thieves Market, Hanging Garden and more.
G. Known to travelers as one of the most intact medieval cities in Europe, Tallinn is full of gothic architecture and cobblestone streets that look like they came right out of a Tolkien novel. Taking a walking tour will provide you with the historical background you need to understand everything you are viewing, while you explore both the Upper and Lower part of the Old Town. Stops will include beautiful views over the roofs of the lower Old Town, as well as visits to several cathedrals.
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1. То forgive and forget
2. How Maslenitsa is celebrated
3. The recipe for the holiday dish
4. Various functions of the holiday
5. How the holiday got its name
6. Why pancakes are essential at Maslenitsa
7. It is celebrated not only in Russia
8. Tasting competition
A. In the old days Maslenitsa was for remembrance of the dead. But in time, the Russian longing for fun and entertainment turned the sad holiday into the jolly Maslenitsa with blini — round, yellow and hot as the sun, sledding and horse sleigh riding, fistfights and chatting with the mother-in-law. The rituals of Maslenitsa are very unusual and interesting because they combine rituals for the end of winter and ceremonies for the start of spring, which were to promote a rich harvest.
B. Maslenitsa is one of the nicest holidays in Russia. The word Maslenitsa is derived from maslo, which means butter in Russian. It came from the tradition of baking pancakes (blini). Hot, round, and golden pancakes look like little suns. It is believed that they help to warm up the frozen earth. In the old days, pancakes were cooked from buckwheat flour, which gave them a red colour. Those pancakes symbolised the victory of the sun over the winter cold.
C. The circle has always been considered a holy shape in Russia. According to old beliefs, it protected people from evil. On Maslenitsa, the Russians made pancakes, decorated the wheels of their carts, and danced the khorovod (the round folk dance). The aim of all those ceremonies was to please the Sun so that it would be kinder to people. Nowadays, not everyone remembers about the symbolic meaning of the pancakes, but everyone enjoys their taste.
D. Nowadays, Maslenitsa lasts for a whole week. It has turned into a fun festival with different folk entertainments such as sledding, burning scarecrows, bonfire jumping, and eating pancakes. Each day of the Maslenitsa festival has its name and programme. For example, Tuesday is called zaigrysh (game day). From that day all sorts of activities started: sleigh riding, folk festivals and puppet shows.
E. For simple, thin pancakes, a dough is prepared from flour, milk, eggs and some salt and sugar. The first thing you should do is to separate the yolks from the whites. Then stir the yolks with sugar, slowly adding milk while stirring. Add the salt and the hot, melted butter. Then start adding the flour (very slowly), stirring the mixture. As the last step, add the stirred whites. Now everything is ready for baking pancakes on the hot frying pans.
F. And during the last day of Maslenitsa, Russian Jack-straw, the symbol of winter, is burnt. People bid farewell to winter till the next year. There is another important tradition on Sunday — you have to ask for forgiveness from all your close relatives and friends. That is why Russians call each other on the phone or send messages and ask to forgive them for all the bad things they have done during the year.
G. The Russian Orthodox Maslenitsa festival, which marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring, has its origins in ancient sun worship. Every year since 2009, Russian pianist and producer Olga Balakleets has organized a week-long celebration of Russian culture around London. By chance or not it coincides with Maslenitsa. This festival included an impressive series of musical, cinematic and other events, along with a reception in the House of Commons.
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1. Always in a hurry
2. The city of skyscrapers
3. Winning and losing
4. Unknown side of the city
5. Saving the variety
6. Getting around the city
7. For the holiday and more
8. Nickname for a building
A. New York is really the melting pot of the world. Over 30 percent of its residents have come from abroad. It is believed that the city has the greatest linguistic diversity on the planet. There are over 800 different languages divided among its people. As some of these languages are nearly extinct, the City University of New York has begun a project called the Endangered Language Alliance. Its aim is to preserve rare languages like Bukhari, Vhlaski, and Ormuri.
B. New Yorkers love to think they know everything about their city: where to find the best fruit, how to avoid paying full price at museums, what route to take to avoid traffic. But New York City can reveal new treasures even to its veterans. Beyond the city where New-Yorkers work, eat, play and commute every day lies a hidden New York: mysterious, forgotten, abandoned or just overlooked. There are places about which you’re not likely to read in any guidebook.
C. The Chrysler Building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan for getting the title of the tallest skyscraper in the world. The Bank was likely to triumph, with its height of 282 meters. But the spire of the Chrysler Building was constructed in secret inside the tower. Just one week after the Bank of Manhattan was finished, it was put in place, making it 318 meters tall and beating the Bank. It wouldn’t keep this title for long: one year later the Empire State Building was erected.
D. The Flatiron Building was constructed between 1901 and 1903 at the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. It was designed by Chicago’s Daniel Burnham as a steel-frame skyscraper covered with white terra-cotta. Built as the headquarters of the Fuller Construction company, the skyscraper was meant to be named Fuller Building. But locals soon started calling it “Flatiron” because of its unusual shape. The name stuck and soon became official.
E. How does Rockefeller Center manage to find the perfect fur-tree each Christmas season? They do aerial searches by helicopter, of course, and bring it to the city during the night when there isn’t much traffic on the streets. After the tree is taken down for the year, it continues to be useful. For example, in 2005 Habitat for Humanity used the wood to make doorframes for houses for the poor and in 2012 the paper was used to publish a book.
F. In New York life never stands still. People have to call cabs, ride subway cars, do business of all kinds, eat pizzas and sandwiches for lunch. When you multiply that by more than eight million people in less than 500 square miles, you get the idea: everyone goes everywhere as fast as it is humanly possible. Whatever you do, don't stop in the middle of the sidewalk or you’ll make everyone around you incredibly angry.
G. New York is extremely easy to navigate. Manhattan is divided into numbered streets from north to south and avenues from east to west. It’s almost impossible to get lost there. Buses are useful to travel around Manhattan, and the subway is the best means of transport to the other parts of the city. At some stage you’ll definitely use a yellow taxi. Try to get one on an avenue that’s going in the same direction you are – you’ll save time and money. And don’t forget to leave a tip for the driver.
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1. Essential money
2. Appropriate dress
3. Traveller identification
4. Quality maps
5. Skin protection
6. Handy devices
7. Boarding pass
8. Emergency numbers
A. Planning for a trip can be almost as exciting as going on it. You imagine how much you’re going to enjoy arriving at your destination, getting settled into your hotel and going out on that first night in a new town. Just make sure you bring the right clothes; even if you travel to a warm location, it might be chilly at night.
B. Airports can be dizzying experiences. There are signs and information everywhere, and loads of people running round, trying to do lots of things at once. In this chaos, it’s easy to misplace something, like the piece of paper or card that allows you on the plane. It’s best to keep it in your front pocket so you know where it is and it’s easy to hand it over to the attendant.
C. Travel preferences vary widely, but a large percentage of people choose fun and sun. There is lots to be done in preparation for such a trip, but as sun lotion is essential, you should remember to buy that at the very least. Buying it at home can save you 30 per cent on the price, and you should buy a new bottle every year, as the old stuff doesn’t protect as well.
D. We all prepare for the worst case scenario when we travel abroad, even though we don’t think about it all the time. Most of us have got mobile phones, which keep all our contacts stored for us. But what happens if you lose it? This is why you should also keep a handwritten list. It would be a shame if something terrible happened and you couldn’t reach your own home.
E. When you go on holiday, you should never carry a great deal of cash with you, but you need to have some on hand to pay for the odd things at the airport, like meals or last minute travel purchases. Most airports have cash machines, but it might be a good idea to have a small amount in your purse or wallet before you arrive.
F. Being in a new city means you’re not likely to know your way around. Walking the streets aimlessly is not ideal or even safe, so you need a paper or electronic guide that shows you where things are and how to get around the streets. It’s especially good if it shows where the hotels, museums and sights of interests are located, and how to find bus routes or metro stations, too.
G. Governments have put a lot of effort into travel documents to make sure they’re state-of-the-art. Nowadays, they come with microchips that contain all of the data in your passport in an electronic form. This is a way to prevent counterfeiting of these documents and to ensure that the holder of the documents is the true owner. It is yet another way to make our travel safer.
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1. Perfect for a quiet holiday
2. Land of nature wonders
3. Bad for animals
4. A visit to the zoo
5. Perfect for an active holiday
6. Difficult start
7. New perspectives
8. New rules to follow
A. The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are а wild and beautiful part of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs.
B. Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise – just flowers, birds, long sandy beaches and the Tresco Abbey Garden. John and Wendy Pyatt welcome you to the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool.
C. The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern. Kenya’s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort.
D. Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-weary, and everything is new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink, and probably a way to get around. But in general, it’s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city.
E. No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty.
F. A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for many endangered animals. The plan has been devised by both animal and business experts to provide world-leading accommodation for all our animals, to more fully engage and inform people about conservation issues, to redesign certain aspects of Zoo layout.
G. Leave-no-trace camping is an increasingly popular approach to travel in wilderness areas. As the term suggests, the goal is for the camper to leave as little impact as possible on the place he is visiting. One of its mottos is “Take nothing but pictures. Leave nothing but footprints.” Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in, pack it out, but it goes beyond that.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Various activities to do
2. Seeing wild animals
3. Funny names
4. Seaside observation point
5. Almost at the shore
6. Quiet places to explore
7. Different tactics
8. Pet-friendly booking
A. The English have a very ironic sense of humour, and it may become clear when you discover what some of the towns and villages across England and the United Kingdom are called. Some are hilarious, while others are just plain rude. It is important to keep an eye out when you pass through the English countryside to see if you can spot a few on your travels. There’s Sheepy Parva and Sheepy Magna in Lancashire, Greedy Gut in Somerset, No Place in Derbyshire. There is always something to keep people entertained during their trip!
B. England is part of the British Isles and a large archipelago off the coast of Europe. It is not a very big country. In fact, you could fit all the United Kingdom, that is, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, inside Texas, the USA, over 2.8 times. So, it shouldn’t come as too much surprise to know that you are never far from the sea when you are in England. In fact, even if you are standing in the very center of the country, you are still no more than 70 miles away from the coast. What a shame that the English weather doesn’t often encourage a beach day!
C. Badgers are not always a farmer’s best friends, but Badger Watch farm in deepest rural Dorset has decided to exploit rather than fight Britain’s cutest large mammals. Extremely difficult to spot, a badger seen in the wild is an unforgettable experience. Two specially designed hides at Badger Watch Dorset offer one of the best chances of finding one. Each hide can be booked privately for up to eight people, from 6.30 pm until the lights are shut off at midnight. Alongside badgers, the hides offer a good chance of seeing foxes, deer, and rabbits.
D. Holidays are the best opportunity to explore the UK and overseas territories, spending quality time with family or friends including a four-legged one. In fact, holidays are the best excuse to go on some nice dog adventure and give your dog the best time. To plan your perfect holiday, it’s a matter of finding a place suitable for dogs. The good news is that there is more choice than you may think. We found that almost all holiday accommodation and hotels have a filter which you can use to navigate your options, although some are better presented than others.
E. The Hebrides are a beautiful archipelago, where Scottish Gaelic is still spoken. Each day will be a combination of relaxation and adventure. On a full day’s excursion, we may spend four or five hours in the kayaks and cover between seven and ten miles, with plenty of opportunities to land and explore islands on foot. One of the best ways to explore its coastline and spot some of the many bird species, otters and seals is by kayak. We can offer full-day guided trips, taking in hidden coves, long sandy beaches, and hidden ancient sites.
F. You never forget your first whale. Such sightings are, of course, down to good fortune and timing, but once you’ve seen your first whale, you will want to see another and another. Famous for its whaling fleet, the Yorkshire coast is one of the best places in England to spot Minke whales, which appear in late summer, following the mackerel. From the coastline of the Outer Hebrides, you can spot up to 23 species of whales, more than a quarter of the world’s 89 known species, which pass through the waters off the west coast of Scotland.
G. In summer the possibility of finding a calm area away from the crowds of holiday-goers can be a difficult task. Known as the Heritage Coast, the Northumberland coast area of outstanding natural beauty is surprisingly crowd- free, even in high summer. If you’re willing to relax, you’ll find a number of excellent bathing beaches here. Heritage hunters and nature watchers are spoiled with fantastically arresting castles. Most striking is the mighty fortress at Bamburgh. Many architectural historians have declared this the most wondrous of all England’s coastal castles.
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1. A bright start
2. The first disappointment
3. Orientate yourself
4. Learning while teaching
5. The right choice
6. In one breath
7. Love at first sight
8. Having someone near
А. I was very excited about my first teaching job. I didn't plan it but I was given an opportunity to teach at an exclusive university. I was greatly challenged by my students then. They were great English speakers way ahead of me as I was not so confident, articulate, and fluent. But whew, I survived! In fact, it was a great learning experience for me. I had to do a lot of practice like talking to myself in front of the mirror or taking notes of the jokes. It was funny but it helped a lot to improve my language skills.
B. Although I could have chosen different specializations when I got my first degree in Engineering, I decided to get my Master's in Marketing. I did not know if I was prepared for that. I was only 21 when I started it up but my teachers believed that I had some natural skills. Even though I had some doubts at the beginning, choosing to do a Master's degree in this field was one of the most important decisions in my life. It shaped me the way I am now: a gleaming professor trying to contribute to the development of society,
С. I remember my first day at school; it was my mother who took me there. I had to wear a school uniform: a white polo shirt, black trousers, and black leather shoes. I had a small backpack with an exercise book, a pencil box, a bottle of water, and my lunch box inside. I was happy and very excited to see other students. That day I met my future friends and teachers. Throughout the years I learnt many subjects like English, Maths, Science, Religion, PE, Art, and Social studies. Now my first week is over, but I still remember it.
D. 33 hours a week. A dollar an hour. My first teaching job at an upcoming college in my home province showed me the realities of work life. I was a fresh graduate from university and I wanted to get a job soon enough. I accepted the offer because I felt it was somewhat prestigious to teach at a college. But it was exhausting to teach 11 classes in one week with an average of 25 students per class. The 2-hour daily commute to work and back added to the exhaustion. It wasn't as prestigious a job as I imagined.
E. Throughout the years I had many jobs but the first one was unforgettable. I loved what I did. I loved teaching English and Public Speaking classes. It was wonderful to meet new colleagues who soon became friends. The fellowship among teachers was genuine and warm. The best part for me was being in the classroom teaching real students. It was fulfilling to see them learn and grow. It's been more than 20 years since I first entered the classroom, and I'm still teaching. I guess I'll stay in the vocation for a little bit more.
F. I think it's a good idea for parents to come and stay for a night in a hotel nearby for your first day of uni. I, unfortunately, was on my own on move-in day and it was a massive hassle! It was difficult trying to carry all the stuff on my own and I ended up having to ask a stranger outside my accommodation if they could help me carry my shopping up to my room, which was super embarrassing. It's also nice to have someone there for you, all of my flatmates' parents helped them move in so it was a bit lonely for me the first couple of days while they were with their family.
G. My first day at university was very nerve-wracking, as I completely forgot what I actually meant to do when I finally got there. It was embarrassing at first when my mom roamed around the room making my bed and asking where to put my teddies. But once she left I propped the door open with a chair and made friends with each and every flatmate popping in and saying hi. I got my university ID card and went out with my friends. I tried to make the most of every second as they flew by. The next thing I knew, I was graduating!
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Remembering the 3D's
2. Having Self-Belief
3. Taking Action
4. Choosing a Course of Action
5. Staying Focused
6. Investing Money
7. Having Commitment
8. Setting Goals
A. One of the first steps in the process of becoming successful is to make the decision to achieve something. All of us know that nothing can move forward until that first decision to do so is made. The initial action is always the decision to go ahead, which many people tend to overlook. So, decide on moving forward, put your decision down in writing, just to keep it in focus, and then carry on from there.
B. Having clarity of vision and purpose is perhaps one of the most important factors of achieving success. The fact is that most people simply have no idea about what they really want. Clarity means understanding exactly what you want and how it will affect your life. Once you acquire clarity of vision and purpose, the next vital step of becoming successful is determining the aims you want to achieve.
C. You should be able to accomplish what you set out to do with unwavering concentration. Life is full of distractions - TV, family, e-mail and telephones - all of which can be completely overwhelming. How can you concentrate on your goals? Willpower is one of the factors although willpower alone will not be sufficient to achieve your aims. One of the best ways is to make a plan and then stick to it.
D. Before beginning any new activity, examine it to see if it will help in moving you nearer to your goals. If a certain activity can be put away for a later time, defer it. If that activity can be done by somebody else, delegate it. And if it does not really need to be done at all, it can be deleted. This kind of close examination of each activity will help in keeping you focused on the things that are really important.
E. Success often involves being willing to pay the price that everything has. The price may not be in monetary termE. Success often involves being willing to pay the price that everything has. The price may not be in monetary terms. It could be sacrifice, effort, time, and also money, or maybe something else. The point is that in order to become successful, you must be ready to work hard and to put all your effort into achieving your purpose. Success takes a lot of dedication.s. It could be sacrifice, effort, time, and also money, or maybe something else. The point is that in order to become successful, you must be ready to work hard and to put all your effort into achieving your purpose. Success takes a lot of dedication.
F. Lack of confidence is one of the biggest hurdles that many people need to get over in order to become successful. People often think they are not good enough or not smart enough, which can actually prevent them from finding the success they seek. It is common knowledge that if you think you can do something, you will, and conversely, if you think that it cannot be done, it will lead to failure.
G. Nothing can be achieved until action is taken to achieve it. After all the above steps of making a decision, setting goals, making plans and choosing a strategy, you will need to go ahead and act on what you want to achieve. By putting your plan of action into play, you will get to what you set out to achieve - becoming successful!
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1. Expensive and hardly available
2. Innovative means of transport
3. Watch to keep updated
4. Spectacular but useless
5. Another stage in music history
6. Search that never ends
7. Difficult to use
8. More options
A. History has taught us that humans are the most curious and smartest living organisms on the planet and as a result of this we invent new things. Despite the fact we have not yet spent two decades in the new millennium, our century is already full of great and not-so-great inventions. It reminds us that no matter how advanced our society might be, human curiosity always looks for new advancements and technologies.
B. Berndnaut Smilde, an Amsterdam artist, has been making indoor clouds since 2010. They only last for a moment and they will definitely help anyone who's trying to impress others with his or her surrealistic photos, but we can't really see what other use or contribution to society this strange invention could have. Maybe, the people who work in the film industry will get really excited about this one.
С. In 2001, before Apple and Samsung started bombing the world with their superb smartphone devices, there was the iPod, a small gadget that changed how we viewed and played music. To make a long story short, the MP3 was introduced to the world and CDs, which had previously replaced cassettes, which replaced vinyl records before them, joined them in the dusty archives of our music technology world.
D. YouTube was first launched in 2005 and since then it has changed the lives of most young people (and many others) around the world. Let's be honest: watching every large social and cultural change or even stupid trend from across the globe in an instant is one of the most exciting things about living in the 21st century. And yes, YouTube, the most popular video sharing website, is mainly to thank for this.
E. The Tesla Roadster was the world's first commercially available battery electric sports car. It was developed by a company called Tesla Motors. Until March 2011 Tesla managed to sell 1,650 Roadsters in 30 countries. In 2010 Tesla started developing right-hand electric vehicles for the British Isles, Australia, Japan, and Hong Kong. The most impressive feature of the vehicle is acceleration. The car can shift from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 3.9 seconds.
F. Google Glass is smart eyewear that helps you get exactly what you want right in front of your eyes, literally. It can display all kinds of information in a smartphone-like, hands-free format but the only difference is that you wear it instead of holding it. Don't get too excited, though, because it will cost you a small fortune to make it yours. Besides, Google has announced recently that it is stopping sales.
G. The iPhone from Apple was released in June of 2007 and radically changed the way mobile phones are used personally and in business. Older phones included voice communications and sometimes a keyboard. Phones that offered Internet access were usually unreadable and difficult to use. The iPhone introduced the multi-touch interface that allows quick and easy access to data, music, pictures, and the Internet while providing storage for other information.
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1. Humans cause harm
2. Where is the taiga found?
3. Clever habits
4. Adding two more
5. Young and beautiful
6. Surviving flora
7. What’s the weather like?
8. Native people’s habits
A. The taiga biome stretches across the Northern Hemisphere. It takes in large areas of North America and Eurasia, especially Canada and Russia, respectively. It also spans across Alaska and Scandinavia. The taiga biome occupies about 27 % of the Earth’s surface. It is located south of the tundra biome, which is characterized by a frozen land and constant snow. Because of its location, the taiga biome is rather cold. It is to the north of the temperate forests and grasslands, which are much warmer.
B. There are cold winds that blow cold Arctic air into the taiga biome, making it very cold most of the year. Therefore, this climate is called the subarctic climate. The earth rotates around the sun annually. Due to the tilt of the sun, the taiga biome faces away from the sun, resulting in long snowy winters, hich are extremely cold. Another effect is that there is less radiation from the sun to heat the land up. For these reasons, the summer is barely three months long, and the winter is double that.
C. The taiga is home to various species of plants. These plants are used to an extremely cold climate and mainly consist of coniferous trees, evergreens, and spruces. The absence of sunlight in the biome is an important factor, which means plants must have adaptable leaves. The evergreens have green leaves throughout the year, so they have enough food due to the presence of chlorophyll in their leaves. They keep the same leaves for a very long time, enabling them to use minimal solar energy.
D. There is a limit to the number of animals that can survive in the taiga, due to the cold temperatures. Still, there are many animal species, including mammals, birds, and insect species. Like the taiga plants, animals in the biome must have adaptive features to survive in this climate. During the summer, more animals are in sight than during the winter. This is because most of them either migrate to warmer biomes where they can cope easily, especially for birds, or spend the winter sleeping until the next summer season.
E. Surprisingly, there are six seasons, as identified by the native people of the boreal forest or taiga. The seasons are spring, break-up, summer, autumn, freeze-up, and winter. The period in October, when the trees lose their leaves and the lakes become frozen, is known as freeze-up. This period occurs after autumn and ends when winter starts. The other period is when the snow melts, and the ground looks bare. This season is called the break-up season and may last quite long – until all the ice in the lakes has melted.
F. Compared to certain trees that grow in more temperate climates, most of the trees in the boreal forest or taiga are young. Forests are typically less than 100 years old throughout the western boreal zone, and mainly younger than 200 years old in the eastern boreal zone. Due to frequent natural disasters that are the result of an ecological loop that renews the boreal forest, scientists do not believe this amazing forest to be ancient. But they all agree that it is the largest biome on land.
G. The boreal forest contributes greatly to the earth’s oxygen supply by collecting carbon dioxide produced by people. It helps a lot in the preservation of the ozone layer thanks to its green vegetation. However, human activities such as deforestation are destroying the boreal forest’s structure. When a tree is harmed, it takes a long time to grow back, because the biome has an extremely slow growth rate. That’s why the boreal forest has drawn the attention of the environment protection specialists worldwide.
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1. Far from busy cities
2. Both benefits and downsides
3. The least popular
4. Options to choose from
5. For warmer seasons
6. Ways to save
7. Inexpensive but unreliable
8. Do not get confused
A. The first big decision when visiting England is whether to travel by private car or use the extensive public transport system. Having your own car means you can make the best use of time and reach remote places, but rental and fuel costs can be expensive, and there are always traffic delays to put up with. Public transport, which includes a reliable system of trains and coaches (buses), is often the better choice for getting around in the United Kingdom. Aside from London, England’s city centres with multiple pedestrian streets are very walkable, too.
B. For long-distance travel around England, trains are generally faster and more comfortable than buses but are usually much more expensive. The English like to moan about their trains, but around 85 % run on time, and major stations are well-equipped – with super helpful staff and a range of food outlets. If you leave booking your ticket to the last minute, fares can be disproportionally high, so it is always worth booking as far in advance as you can. Sometimes buying two single tickets can be cheaper than buying a return.
C. Long-distance buses are known as coaches in the UK, and services run between most major towns and cities. If you are on a tight budget, coaches are nearly always the cheapest way to get around England, although they are also the slowest and sometimes late. If you book early or travel at off-peak periods, coach tickets can be very cheap. If you are going to the airport, then take a faster train or taxi for peace of mind that you will make it in time for your flight. The two major coach companies are National Express and Megabus.
D. Travelling by car or motorcycle around England means you have more independence and flexibility, and you can reach more remote parts of the country. Minuses for drivers include regular traffic jams, the high price of fuel, the cost of insurance, and parking fees in cities and tourist towns. Compared with many countries, car-hire is expensive in England. If you have time, by using a mix of train, bus, taxi, walking and occasionally hiring a bike, you can get almost anywhere in England without having to drive.
E. Hiring a bike – for an afternoon, a day, or a week or longer – is a great way to really explore a small region or see England’s great outdoors. Some cities have bike-share schemes, while others have longer-term bike-rental shops. England also has a growing network of long-distance cycling routes that may inspire you to explore more of the country by bicycle. Only a handful of cities have an adequate system of dedicated bike lanes, so it is best to enjoy cycling in more rural and off-the beaten-track locations, particularly during the warmer seasons.
F. England doesn’t have a big network of domestic flights due to its small size, but there are some long cross-country routes that are awkward, costly and timeconsuming if you travel by train (e.g. the trip from Exeter or Southampton to Newcastle). However, you’ll still pay at least a hundred pounds for one of these flights, and the time saved becomes less beneficial once transit times and the journey to and from the airport are taken into account. Considering the short distances and high carbon cost, many people prefer not to fly.
G. English cities usually have good public-transport systems. These services can be run by a puzzling number of separate companies. There is usually enough information at each stop or station to find the right one. Staff in tourist offices are always happy to help. Local bus services work year-round in cities and towns, except on Christmas Day, and sometimes also Boxing Day. Sundays also see fewer services. CityMapper is a handy app for planning the quickest journey between points, especially if you are combining transport options.
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1. Watching predators and prey
2. Hot water, cold air
3. How locals live and entertain
4. Impressive but difficult to reach
5. For the strong and adventurous
6. Nature and activities to enjoy
7. Conquering cold waves
8. Closer to wildlife
A. At the edge of Russia, on the Pacific Ocean, there is the distinctive Kamchatka peninsula, famous for its rich natural diversity. This land is surrounded by rough ocean waters, in the interior lie fiery volcanoes and boiling, steaming geysers. Some 300 volcanoes, 29 of which are active, make up nearly 40% of the peninsula. But Kamchatka's landscapes and natural diversity are not the only things to attract the travellers from far and wide: the area is also rich in opportunities for extreme sports. Make your adventures in Kamchatka unforgettable.
B. Surfing in Bali is no big deal these days: the hot sun, the warm ocean, coconuts, bananas… We've seen it all! How about surfing in the chilly waters of the Pacific in Kamchatka? One of Kamchatka's best surf destinations is Khalaktyrsky beach. You can catch waves here almost all year long: the hardest of surfers are ready to jump in in sub-zero temperatures. Naturally, the best time to surf is summer when surf schools and equipment rental places are open for business. You don't feel the cold in a wetsuit!
C. The Kamchatka peninsula is washed by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea to the northeast and by the Sea of Okhotsk to the west. One of the best ways to explore the rugged coastline is to take a long trip by kayak. On the water, you'll find yourself face to face with wild nature: you can get acquainted with sea lions, seals, killer whales and other sea creatures, and see the most beautiful, secluded bays, islands, headlands and lakes inland. You're going to be taking numerous pictures of the seals and sea lions as they bask in the sun.
D. With vast numbers of fish, it is no wonder that Lake Kuril attracts over 200 Kamchatka brown bears who visit the lake to fish. Across the whole peninsula, there are around 20,000 bears altogether – that's one bear to every 15 human inhabitants. Over the years, the animals on Lake Kuril have adapted to life alongside humans. Therefore, you can observe the bears and their prey close up as they show no signs of aggression. An experienced guide knows exactly where to observe them to make your adventure absolutely safe.
E. Discovered as recently as 1941, the Valley of Geysers in the Kronotsky Reserve in Kamchatka is one of the world's largest geyser fields and is the only one in Eurasia. In a cramped 8 square kilometer piece of land there are over 40 powerful spouting geysers, not to mention hot springs, mud pools, thermal sites, waterfalls, all surrounded by volcanoes. As dangerous as any of these places seem, there are special paths for travellers. You can only get to the valley by air, so take a helicopter tour and face the raw power of Mother Nature.
F. If you feel comfortable on the runs at Alpine resorts and consider yourself experienced, Kamchatka will surprise you: imagine skiing down the slopes of an active volcano with breathtaking views over the Pacific! This is no fantasy: we suggest experienced riders try heli-skiing! Fly to the highest volcanoes' peaks by helicopter, then enjoy the buzz of skiing the untouched slopes with awesome views of the not-so-distant Pacific. Such an activity requires skiers to be in great shape physically, and to have the love of an adrenaline rush.
G. Kamchatka is a very harsh place to live, yet people have lived here for centuries. In order to survive, they had to learn to live in harmony with nature. That led to the development of rituals that are still performed. When you visit, you can see how the indigenous people of Kamchatka have been living for generations in the village of Pimchakh that is open to visitors. Shortage of snow is never an issue, so the locals happily indulge in competitive and recreational dog sled races. You should certainly put a short dog sled trip on your bucket list.
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1. Building materials
2. The longest on Earth
3. Safe travel
4. Designing a building
5. Invented by accident
6. Comfortable living
7. How did they do it?
8. Why seasons change
A. Most of Africa's rural peoples use natural resources that are locally available for their homes. In grasslands, people typically use grass to cover the walls and roofs. In forested areas, they use hardwoods as well as bamboo and raffia palm. Earth and clay are also major resources used in construction. In areas with few natural resources, people often live as nomads, moving from place to place. Instead of making permanent homes, they usually use simple shelters or tents made of animal skins and woven hair.
B. An architect must consider how a structure will be used and by whom. An apartment building, a palace, a hospital, a museum, an airport, and a sports arena all have different construction requirements. Another factor is the ideas the structure should communicate. For example, some buildings are made to impress people with a display of power and wealth; others – to make everyone feel welcome. Other things to consider are the location and surrounding environment, including weather, and the cost of materials.
C. Did you know that an eleven-year-old child first created the Popsicle? The boy's name was Frank Epperson. In 1905, Frank left a mixture of water and powdered soda out on his porch by mistake. It also contained a stir stick. That night, fortunately for Frank, the temperatures fell to a record low. As a result, he discovered the substance had frozen to the stick, and a frozen fruit flavoured ice treat was created. He decided to call it the epistle, which was later patented by him and named as Popsicle.
D. As Earth goes around the sun, the North Pole points to the same direction in space. For about six months every year, the North Pole is tilted towards the sun. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere gets more direct sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere and more hours of daylight. During the other six months, the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. When the Northern Hemisphere gets the most sunlight, it experiences spring and summer. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere gets autumn and winter.
E. In southern Peru, there is an isolated plateau where the wind almost never blows. Here, around the year 400 to 650 AD, the people of the Nazca culture created the famous Nazca lines, by removing the red stones covering the ground so that the white earth beneath was visible. These Nazca lines are actually portraits of animals such as monkeys, birds or fish. It is a mystery how such a primitive civilization could create such artwork with precision when they had no means of viewing their work from the air.
F. Antarctica, which is the southernmost and fifth largest continent, does not have twenty-four-hour periods divided into days and nights. In the South Pole, the sun rises on about September 21 and moves in a circular path until it sets on about March 22. This "day", or summer, is six months long. During this period, if the weather conditions are good, the sun can be seen twenty-four hours a day. From March 22 until September 21, the South Pole is dark, and Antarctica has its "night", or winter.
G. Any ship that hits an iceberg can be damaged. The most famous iceberg in history sank the "Titanic", a ship travelling in the northern Atlantic Ocean, on April 15, 1912. The ship's side scraped the iceberg, which tore holes in the hull. Within three hours, the ship was at the bottom of the ocean. After the loss of the "Titanic", several nations worked together to establish the International Ice Patrol. Today the U.S. Coast Guard runs the patrol, which warns ships about icebergs floating in Atlantic shipping routes.
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1. Always in a hurry
2. The city of skyscrapers
3. Winning and losing
4. Unknown side of the city
5. Saving the variety
6. Getting around the city
7. For the holiday and more
8. Nickname for a building
A. New York is really the melting pot of the world. Over 30 percent of its residents have come from abroad. It is believed that the city has the greatest linguistic diversity on the planet. There are over 800 different languages divided among its people. As some of these languages are nearly extinct, the City University of New York has begun a project called the Endangered Language Alliance. Its aim is to preserve rare languages like Bukhari, Vhlaski, and Ormuri.
B. New Yorkers love to think they know everything about their city: where to find the best fruit, how to avoid paying full price at museums, what route to take to avoid traffic. But New York City can reveal new treasures even to its veterans. Beyond the city where New-Yorkers work, eat, play and commute every day lies a hidden New York: mysterious, forgotten, abandoned or just overlooked. There are places about which you’re not likely to read in any guidebook.
C. The Chrysler Building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan for getting the title of the tallest skyscraper in the world. The Bank was likely to triumph, with its height of 282 meters. But the spire of the Chrysler Building was constructed in secret inside the tower. Just one week after the Bank of Manhattan was finished, it was put in place, making it 318 meters tall and beating the Bank. It wouldn’t keep this title for long: one year later the Empire State Building was erected.
D. The Flatiron Building was constructed between 1901 and 1903 at the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. It was designed by Chicago’s Daniel Burnham as a steel-frame skyscraper covered with white terra-cotta. Built as the headquarters of the Fuller Construction company, the skyscraper was meant to be named Fuller Building. But locals soon started calling it “Flatiron” because of its unusual shape. The name stuck and soon became official.
E. How does Rockefeller Center manage to find the perfect fur-tree each Christmas season? They do aerial searches by helicopter, of course, and bring it to the city during the night when there isn’t much traffic on the streets. After the tree is taken down for the year, it continues to be useful. For example, in 2005 Habitat for Humanity used the wood to make doorframes for houses for the poor and in 2012 the paper was used to publish a book.
F. In New York life never stands still. People have to call cabs, ride subway cars, do business of all kinds, eat pizzas and sandwiches for lunch. When you multiply that by more than eight million people in less than 500 square miles, you get the idea: everyone goes everywhere as fast as it is humanly possible. Whatever you do, don’t stop in the middle of the sidewalk or you’ll make everyone around you incredibly angry.
G. New York is extremely easy to navigate. Manhattan is divided into numbered streets from north to south and avenues from east to west. It’s almost impossible to get lost there. Buses are useful to travel around Manhattan, and the subway is the best means of transport to the other parts of the city. At some stage you’ll definitely use a yellow taxi. Try to get one on an avenue that’s going in the same direction you are – you’ll save time and money. And don’t forget to leave a tip for the driver.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Show it matters to you
2. Institutions take action
3. Share the cost
4. An effect of what you put on your plate
5. Eco-friendly travel
6. Give them a new life
7. Part of daily routine
8. Proper food management
A.What you eat matters: nearly a quarter of all greenhouse gases come from agriculture, and most of those are from meat and dairy. Cutting out meat is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint, and you’ll save money too. A meat-free diet has been recommended as the “single-biggest way” an individual can reduce their impact on the planet. Meat and dairy consumption result in excessive land use, industrial emissions, water use and deforestation. However, make sure you get all the necessary nutrients with other food.
B.Whatever you choose to eat, try to shop locally and seasonally. You will most likely avoid the plastic packaging you find in supermarkets, and these products will have a lower carbon footprint. If you have the space – even just a windowsill will do – try growing some of your own herbs or vegetables; it’s amazing what you can get from just a window box planter. You can also reduce food waste by planning meals in advance, eating leftovers and sharing meals with friends. Reusing food waste as compost is also an eco-friendly action.
C.This year scientists devised a planetary health diet, presenting a way to address the environmental impact of our food choices. It recommends that the global average consumption of red meat should be cut by half, while vegetables, fruit, pulses and nuts should double. The growing global call for organisations to take seriously their responsibilities for halting climate change is impossible to ignore. Universities are now reacting to this: Goldsmiths has scrapped the sale of all beef products from its campus as it seeks to become carbon neutral by 2025.
D.Forget fast fashion: keeping your clothes for as long as possible has much more than just monetary value. In the UK, clothing has the fourth-largest environmental impact after housing, transport and food. We throw away more than half of our fast-fashion items within less than a year. So recycle your clothes or mend them. If you don’t have those skills, see if there’s a sewing society you could join, or head to a repair shop. Try clothes swaps with friends, and instead of buying new items, head to a charity or second-hand shop.
E.When you start living alone, you do your own decorating, washing, cooking and cleaning. There are simple ways you can change your habits to live more sustainably. Wash your clothes at a lower temperature, and opt for a bamboo toothbrush or more eco-friendly sanitary products. When shopping, see if there’s a zero-waste shop nearby – Sheffield students’ union has opened a store selling dried food, household products, toiletries and kitchenware all free from plastic packaging.
F.Of course, the easiest way to make a difference is to cut out flying. A return trip from Manchester to Berlin produces about 214 kg of CO2; there are countries where the average person produces less carbon dioxide in a year. If you are planning a weekend away with new friends, try and travel by train or bus instead, and it’s even funnier when you have a company! Cut out just one five-hour flight and your carbon footprint will be a ton lighter.
G.Individual actions matter, as they demonstrate commitment and provide an alternative way to live. But campaigning and activism are important too. University campuses can be the perfect place for this: 91% of students are now concerned about climate change, according to a survey from the NUS. If you don’t know where or how to start, see if there are any societies at your university. Students of the fossil free campaign, for example, have brought on huge changes by calling on their institutions to use less fossil fuel.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Full of life
2. Safari lovers
3. A protected region
4. Glimpses of history
5. The tourist season
6. Beneficial tourism
7. A comfortable climate
8. Scenery to remember
A.The Serengeti is a vast ecosystem in central Africa. It spans 30,000 square kilometres. And in the local language, it means “endless plains.” This region of Africa is situated in north Tanzania and extends to southwestern Kenya. The Serengeti includes Serengeti National Park and a number of game reserves and conservation areas. They are all maintained by the governments of Tanzania and Kenya. The region hosts the largest mammal migration in the world. It is a popular destination for African safaris.
B.The Serengeti has various flora and fauna. A diverse group of animals call the Serengeti home, including Africa’s “big five” group. It consists of the African elephant, the Cape buffalo, the African leopard, the African lion, and the African black rhino. Cheetahs, giraffes, crocodiles, hippos, more than 500 bird species, and many more animals can also be found across the area. Blue wildebeests, gazelles, and zebras inhabit the region too, along with lions and hyenas. They are familiar to fans of the Disney film, The Lion King.
C.The most popular time to visit the region is between July and October. The peak of the blue wildebeest migration, usually in October, is an especially popular time in the park – when visitors come to see more than 2 million animals travel up to 800 km from Serengeti National Park to the Maasai Mara National Reserve. This is a huge attraction for tourists. And while many think it is an intense and short-lived phenomenon, it is actually a fairly slow trek. Visitors want to peer into the secret lives of the animals that call this region home.
D.The Serengeti landscape is divided into two regions defined by their dominant vegetation – woodland and grassland. Woodlands are grassy areas dotted with trees, mainly acacia. Grasslands include riverine, plains and derived grasslands. The large area of the Serengeti is interrupted by the only active volcano there that still ejects lava, which turns white when exposed to air. The landscape is dotted with a number of kopjes. They are large rocky formations that are the result of volcanic activity. The Simba Kopje is a popular tourist stop.
E.The great migration occurs during the main dry season, which lasts from June through October. The two wet seasons, a short one and a long one, occur from November to December, and from March to May, respectively. Temperatures in the region remain fairly constant throughout the year, with the wet seasons being the warmest. Although a popular image dictates that Africa is mostly a very hot place, it is actually pleasant in the Serengeti. It seldom gets uncomfortably hot, and temperatures drop during the night and early mornings.
F.The Maasai people had been grazing their cattle in the open plains for around 200 years when the first European explorers visited the area at the end of the 19th century. Because the hunting of lions made them so scarce, people decided to make a game reserve in the area in the 1920s. These actions became the basis for Serengeti National Park, which was established in 1951. As part of the creation of the park, and in order to preserve its wildlife, the Maasai were relocated to the Kenya highlands – a move that is still controversial.
G.By choosing to visit the Serengeti, tourists are supporting the country’s huge investment in the future. Tourism provides valuable income used to support the conservation work of the national parks in Tanzania. It is also used to help wildlife research and for education in local communities. The animal diversity of the Serengeti is very high. There are at least four globally-threatened or endangered animal species. Thus, it is not surprising that Serengeti National Park is listed as a World Heritage Site.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Preparing for danger
2. Technology and medicine
3. Interesting sightseeing
4. Unusual and extremely difficult
5. Nice to look at and good for you
6. Central structure
7. Indoors and outdoors
8. Cold variety
A.All Souls College is one of the most mysterious institutions at Oxford University. It was founded in the 1400s and stopped accepting undergraduates in the 19th century. Instead, the college accepts applications only from those who have already achieved the best undergraduate degrees in the country, and asks its applicants to take an entrance exam, which is thought to be the hardest in the world. For example, before 2010 one of the tasks was to write an essay on a single word. Previous words have included “water”, “style”, “innocence”, and “conversion”.
B.In the 1900s, scientists began using electronic devices to treat living things. They developed special instruments to help people with disabilities. Some devices, such as hearing aids and kidney dialysis machines, operate outside the body. Doctors place other electrical devices inside the body. For example, pacemakers help keep hearts beating steadily. In addition, scientists learned how to cut and rejoin genes which is called genetic engineering. This may help cure human diseases.
C.Water from hot springs very often contains minerals dissolved from the rocks. Such springs are called mineral springs. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the spring water. The minerals and organisms that grow in the water give beautiful colors to the pools and wet rocks around hot springs. Since ancient times people have thought that such springs were good for their health. They have traveled there to drink and bathe in the waters. Many spas and resorts grew up around these picturesque springs.
D.As it is well known, snow consists of tiny crystals of ice. Snowfall is made up of both single ice crystals and clumps of ice crystals, which are called snowflakes. The way that ice crystals join together gives every snowflake a unique design. Even so, most snowflakes have six points or six sides. They form seven basic shapes: stars, needles, dendrites (having branches), plates, columns, columns capped with plates, and irregular (damaged). What shape a snowflake takes depends on the temperature and the amount of moisture in the cloud.
E.Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions, may cause deadly ocean waves called tsunamis. By the time a tsunami reaches shore, it has gained tremendous size and power which is enough to destroy entire coastal villages or towns. Tsunamis cannot be stopped, but there are ways to defend against them. Scientists around the world watch for early signs of earthquakes. They also note unusual changes in ocean levels. With this information, scientists can warn people to leave areas that a tsunami might hit.
F.In order to study things under controlled conditions, some ecologists work in laboratories. For example, they can experiment to see how plants react to different amounts of light or water. Such studies are harder in a natural setting because weather and other natural conditions cannot be controlled. However, many ecologists do work in natural settings. They look at all the different factors that affect ecosystems, or communities of living things. Studies in the outdoors are useful because they show what is actually happening in the environment.
G.Several cities in Russia were built around fortresses called kremlins. A kremlin was often located along a river. A wall, a moat, and towers usually separated it from the surrounding parts of the city. Kremlins contained cathedrals and palaces for princes and bishops as well as government offices and weapons of war. The most famous kremlin is in central Moscow, which is often called just the Kremlin. It has long been a symbol of Russia’s power. UNESCO declared the Kremlin and Red Square a World Heritage site in 1990.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Tastes from abroad
2. Out of style
3. Musical tastes
4. Lifting weights
5. Trendy styles
6. Dining out
7. Exercise routine
8. Musical exercise
A. Forming a band, even if only as a hobby, can be good fun. Of course, it can go beyond that if you get really good. You can play at festivals, and if the crowd loves you, it’s an amazing experience. It’s even a great way to get a workout, especially if you’re playing the drums. It takes a lot of energy, and it can actually help you get fit.
B. Rugby players need strength to push the other guys round the field. That’s why it’s essential for them to build muscle mass, and there’s only one way to do that. They’ve got to hit the gym and start pumping iron. It’s incredibly hard work and it’s not for everyone. They’ve also got to take it slowly, because it’s not a good idea to lift too much too soon.
C. It’s important to try new things. In fact, it’s almost necessary, because we get bored with doing the same thing day in, day out. Luckily we live in a multicultural world. Take food, for example. No matter where you are, it seems that someone from far away has opened a restaurant featuring cuisine from their homeland. That’s something different for a change.
D. In order to get in shape, you have to do more than just go to the gym once a month. You need to go at least three times a week. You must set up a schedule and stick to it. Even when you work forty hours a week, you have to arrange to head off after work for gym time. And you should exercise for a set amount of time with every visit.
E. Eating at home has its benefits. It’s certainly nutritious – that is, if you’re cooking healthily. But eating in restaurants is such a great, social experience. It’s something we should do at least once a week. You can do a lot of people-watching in restaurants, too, so it’s great fun. Not to mention that you don’t have to cook, and if you want something, someone will fetch it!
F. Some people don’t dress like other kids from their school because they simply don’t feel like keeping up with all the latest trends. Trends change every year, if not more often. For some, second-hand shops are their favourite shopping experience. You can find all sorts of funky clothing there, and who cares if it’s something most people wouldn’t wear?
G. The style of music we listen to says a lot about who we are. People who prefer classical music have refined tastes and an appreciation for the arts. Those who like heavy metal enjoy being energetic when they listen to music. Fans of pop music enjoy staying up-to-date with trends. And those who like old music like to imagine what life was like in a different era.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. A job for anybody
2. Start your business
3. A job with a high salary
4. Choosing a job
5. Zoopsychologist
6. Night work
7. Working with your hands
8. Working for royals
A.Some people can’t get out of the house easily to shop, don’t have the time to do it or just don’t enjoy shopping. If shopping is something you enjoy, turn it into a self-employed career. Personal shoppers give advice to customers and suggest products that may suit their needs. This can be anything from gifts to household goods to clothing. Advertise your services at locations such as senior citizens’ centres, community centres, shopping malls and grocery stores. Meet with the clients and find out what items (groceries, clothing, etc.) they need and how often.
B.The market is changing very fast. In fact, there may be careers that exist when a student gets out of college that simply didn’t exist when they started. So rather than asking, “What do I want to be?”, pose these questions: “What skills do I have? What kinds of people do I like to work with? In what kind of environment?” This is a way to think about a career without necessarily naming it. You describe yourself in a functional way and then figure out what that’s called and if people get paid to do it.
C.The regulations define this as the period between 11 pm and 6 am although this agreement can be slightly varied between employers and workers. Generally, people who work for at least three hours within the period must be offered a free health assessment before they begin their work duties and on a regular basis. Workers, however, do not have to accept this check. In general, workers must be over 18, although there are some exceptions to this rule. Teenagers aged 16 and 17, for example, can work according to this schedule, but only for 40 hours per week.
D.When your dog won’t roll over or your cat is making a mess, you might have to call someone who specialises in pet behaviour to solve your problems. This person analyses the pet’s confidence and security inside and outside the home to find the source of the problem. By studying their instincts and social rituals in their natural habitat as well as around humans, they modify the unwanted behaviour. It is all about helping dogs, cats and horses feel safe and confident and secure inside and outside our homes.
E.Being a queen’s piper involves playing the bagpipes for 15 minutes at 9 am under the Queen’s window when she is in residence at Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, the Palace of Holyroodhouse or Balmoral Castle. The piper is also responsible for the co-ordination of the 12 Army pipers who play around the table after State Banquets. It’s important to be presentable and patient enough when escorting the Queen to the various audiences that she has throughout the day.
F.A surgeon starts with a Bachelor’s degree, specializes in medicine and finally, surgery and then spends up to seven years as an intern or a resident. If you want to cut people open, they want to be really sure you know what you are doing. The field will be growing, as people now live longer. This is one of the highest demand and best paid jobs in the US because it takes so much skill and precision. Wages vary depending on the type of surgery, but on average this was the highest paid medical job in 2015.
G.Imagine you’re an electrician, you’re installing a pipe and have to bend around the corners to make everything line up. This kind of work requires improvisation and creativity. Besides, the wages of manual workers are greater than in many office jobs. For instance, a skilled mechanic usually earns more than a sociology graduate working in publishing. Besides, the job offers small moments of joy, like when the bike you’re mending starts up and runs. But not everything about manual work is rosy. Furniture making, for example, is not a good career move.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Penguins’ diet
2. No longer a secret
3. Sound identification
4. Are penguins birds?
5. Different homes
6. Enemies everywhere
7. Living in Antarctica
8. How big are penguins?
A.Penguin sizes range from the largest penguin species, which can be as tall as 45 inches and weigh as much as 60 to 90 pounds, to the smallest penguin, which only reaches 12 inches in height and weighs 2 to 3 pounds. The largest species of penguin, the Emperor penguin, averages 66 pounds and a height of 3.8 feet and lives in Antarctica. The second-largest penguin, the King penguin, looks similar to the Emperor penguin but is found in the sub-Antarctic belt, rather than in Antarctica.
B.Penguins are flightless birds. The main types of predators that eat penguins are marine animals, such as leopard seals, whales and sharks. Many land animals are also a threat to penguins in Antarctica and include birds like petrels, skuas and seagulls. These birds either steal penguin eggs or kill their chicks. Penguins, which live in other areas of the world like the Galapagos Islands, Australia and South Africa, can have different land predators that include snakes, ferrets, lizards and foxes.
C.All known species of penguins live naturally in the southern hemisphere of the world. They actually occupy habitats that are located on each of the five continents within the southern hemisphere. Antarctica, which is known for its low temperatures, is a habitat for only five breeds of penguins. The majority of penguins prefer colder climates, but there are some species that prefer a slightly warmer climate. The Galapagos penguin, for example, resides far north near the Galapagos Islands.
D.Penguins primarily communicate vocally, but they also communicate through body language and posturing. Penguins all look virtually identical, which makes individual recognition very difficult. To overcome this, penguins have evolved different sounding voices and the ability to recognize the individual voices of their mates or chicks. This allows the birds to recognize and find their mates or chicks among the masses, which all look the same. Besides, penguins produce different types of calls.
E.While penguins do not fly, they are incredible swimmers. In 2012, scientists managed to discover at last that the reason why Emperor penguins are able to swim so quickly through the ocean is not only because of the feathers on their flippers but also because of bubbles. It is surprising to learn about the bubbles penguins use to coat their bodies as they swim through the water. This coating of bubbles makes them more slippery and they are able to slide through the water at top speeds of 12 to 77 feet per second.
F.Penguins catch their food while swimming in the ocean. Penguins primarily eat fish, squid and krill that they catch with their sharp beaks. Over their evolutionary history, the ancestors of modern penguins lost their ability to fly in exchange for becoming extraordinary swimmers. Penguins are among the most skilled fish-eating animals in the world, which is necessary to fuel their high caloric needs. In contrast to cold-blooded fish, penguins must eat a lot to heat their bodies internally in cold weather.
G.Penguins are not mammals, even though they are warm-blooded animals. Penguins are one of only a few species of flightless birds left in the world. Many people mistakenly believe penguins have fur instead of feathers because of the tight packing of feathers on their bodies. Most birds could not survive the frigid temperatures, but penguins store ample fat reserves that protect them in the water. They have the tightly-woven feathers that protect them on land, and they stand in huddles to share body warmth.
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Пример ответа: 1234567
1. Female bobsleighing
2. What you need for bobsleighing
3. Safety rules
4. Bobsleighing techniques
5. Participating countries
6. The dangers of bobsleighing
7. The newest rules
8. From the history of bobsleighing
A.Bobsleighing was originated in Switzerland. In the late 19th century, the Swiss first started doing it by attaching two skeleton sleighs together with a steering mechanism added to the front sleigh in order to control the direction. The first bobsleigh races took place in normal snow covered roads whereas the first bobsleighing club was founded in St. Moritz, Switzerland in 1897 and the first specially designed race track was developed outside of St. Moritz in 1902.
B.Bobsleighing is mostly played in Europe along with North America and Russia because of the proper climate for the icy track. The United States of America, Germany and Switzerland have long been the most successful bobsleighing nations based on their incredibly successful track record in all formats of competitive sports including World Cups and Olympic Championship. Presently, more than fifty countries take part in various international bobsleighing events all over the world.
C.Bobsleighing is considered the most expensive winter sport as the equipment used in it, including the safety equipment as well as bobsleigh parts, are quite costly. The most important equipment in bobsleighing is the sleigh. Besides this other protective guards are also used. The length of the sleigh must be a maximum of 3.80 metres (12.5 feet) for four-man sports and 2.70 metres (8.9 feet) in case of two-man sports. Bobsleigh crews are supposed to weigh heavy to ensure high speed.
D.In fact, two-man and four-man types of bobsleigh are very much similar. As weight plays a vital role for the speed of the sleigh, four-man sleighs are much faster than two-man types. However, even a simple mistake at the initial push-off or, say, during the steering, on decisions of the driver during the turns may largely affect the final race. The thing is, air passing through the sleigh slows the sleigh down. In order to avoid these drags, wind tunnels are usually added to the sleigh.
E.One may think bobsleighing is a risky sport but actually not only men are fond of it. Women do it too. In case of women bobsleighing, the sleighs for women were originally very much similar to those of men. But with time so many problems came out as women are shorter than men and many players injured their hips as well as back. These traumas prompted the organizers to change the interior sleigh designs for women bobsleighing. Now women can do it safely and successfully enough.
F.Bobsleighing competitions gather crowds of people who want to watch their favourite sportsmen compete with one another. However, even though bobsleighing is quite an interesting sport, the risks attached to it certainly cannot be avoided. Till now more than ninety three players have died in crashes or accidents during the game. In order to reduce the chances of accidents and to prevent the risks, officials have made certain rules and regulations about the uses of sleighs and the structure of the track.
G.There are a lot of risks connected with bobsleighing. Bobsleighers need to wear high tech plastic made helmets in order to prevent head injuries as well as goggles for eyes. Racers wear tight uniforms to increase aero-dynamicity and spiked shoes to gain traction on the ice. The brakeman wears a Kevlar vest in order to avoid third degree burns during the sleigh’s friction with ice. The next bobsleigh doesn’t start until the previous team has left the track because of security reasons.
Когда будет экзамен
ИЮНЬ 2027
Дата сдачи 2027
15 ИЮНЯ
Резервные даты 2027
24 И 25 ИЮНЯ
Экзамен длится
3 Ч 10 МИН
Изучай средние баллы и оценивай свои шансы
Занимайся без стресса и паники и приходи к топовым результатам
В школе дают теорию, в Банке — вся нужная практика для экзамена
Готовься к экзаменам системно, а не «как получится»
Получай подсказки, если задача слишком сложная
Тренируйся по 10–15 минут каждый день
Отрабатывай западающие задания и темы
Тогда начинай тренироваться сегодня —
практика приведёт к высоким баллам
