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ЕГЭ по английскому языку Задание №27 Лексико-грамматические навыки словообразование 27 (Заполнение пропуска)

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Пример ответа: foundation

The World’s Language

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and (25)__________________(SCIENCE) terms would add millions more. The wealth of existing synonyms means that (26)__________________(SPEAK) of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president. In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for (27)__________________(PRACTICE) purposes, to be more expressive than others. The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. (28)__________________(NATURAL), African languages have no native word for snow. Nowadays, globalization influences the (29)__________________(DEVELOP) of languages.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Zaryadye Park

Have you been to Zaryadye Park? It's an (25) _______(AMAZE) new park right in the heart of Moscow.

It covers 13 hectares between Red Square and the Moscow River and attracts both Muscovites and tourists. (26) ________(USUAL) its buildings are buried underground.

Much of the (27) ______(APPARENT) natural landscape has been constructed over the roofs of these new buildings. Among them are a media centre and a nature centre, along with a concert hall. Outside, the park has been divided into four zones, each representing a key feature of Russia's natural landscape and fauna: tundra, steppe, forest, and wetland.

There's also a walkway over the Moscow River which provides a high (28) _____ (OBSERVE) platform.

It allows visitors a wonderful (29) ______ (PANORAMA) view of the embankment.

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Пример ответа: foundation

The Blue Mountains National Park

When people come to Australia, they typically wish to enjoy the outstanding nature of the continent. If you are a (25)                         (VISIT) to Australia with this very goal on your mind, try The Blue Mountains National Park. It is located in New South Wales, approximately 80 km west of Sydney. Its proximity to the biggest city in Australia has made this amazing park a popular day trip for both tourists and locals alike. The park is (26)                         (PROBABLE) best known for the Three Sisters, a rock formation that towers 900 m above the Jamison Valley. The Blue Mountains National Park features miles of trails for hikers and mountain bikers, and it is also a popular (27)                         (NATURE) playground for adventurers who enjoy adrenaline sports. Among such sports the top one is rock (28)                         (CLIMB). Your day in The Blue Mountains National Park will certainly be (29)                     (FORGET).

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Пример ответа: foundation

Watermelons

Many people think of the watermelon almost entirely as a dessert, but in some dry places around the world it is an important source of water to the natives. In others, it is a staple food and domestic animal feed. The watermelon belongs to the large gourd family, which includes melons, cucumbers, and squash. Its culture goes back to (25)_________________(HISTORIC) times.

The ancient Egyptians prized the watermelon, and there are names for it in many of the old languages, including Arabic and Sanskrit. It has been grown (26)_________________ (WIDE) in the warmer parts of Russia and the Middle East for thousands of years.

Up until a little over a hundred years ago the watermelon was believed to be native to Asia; then Dr. David Livingstone, the great (27)__________________ (EXPLORE), found large tracts of wild watermelons growing in Central Africa. Authorities have now established Africa as its place of origin.

Early (28)__________________ (EUROPE) colonists took watermelon seeds to Brazil, the West Indies, the eastern North American mainland, and the islands of the Pacific. There are many (29)__________________(VARY) kinds of watermelons, ranging from very small ones to very large. The colour of the pulp also varies, from pale pink and yellow to deep red.

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Пример ответа: foundation

A Typical Day at Harrods

A visit to Harrods is a dream for any (25) ________(BUY) looking for luxury and exclusivity. The store offers (26) ________(VERY) departments, from fashion to gourmet food, making it a one-stop destination for high-end shopping. Harrods often runs special (27) ________(PROMOTE) during the holiday season, attracting shoppers from all over the world. The experience is unmatched, but it’s important to note that Harrods does put (28) ________(RESTRICT) on certain items, especially limited-edition products. Still, the quality and service at Harrods always  live up to your (29) ________(EXPECT), making it a must-visit for anyone in London.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Boston Public Library

Dating from 1852, Boston Public Library contributes much to Boston’s reputation as the “Athens of America”. The old (25)__________________(BUILD) is notable for its magnificent facade and interior art. (26)__________________(VISIT) can pick up a free brochure. It will be helpful if this is your first time here. Alternatively, you can choose from a (27)__________________(VARY) of free guided tours that depart from the entrance hall at various times.

This original building, inspired by Italian Renaissance, can boast of enormous bronze doorways, iron gates and lanterns. From there a marble staircase leads the guests inside. One can’t help but feel the (28)__________________(CREATIVE) in the walls.

Besides this amazing artistry, the library holds untold treasures in its numerous (29)__________________(COLLECT), including John Adams’ personal library.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Auckland University

The University of Auckland is New Zealand’s leading university. (25) ________(ACTUAL), it’s among the top 200 universities of the world. The University of Auckland has a strong focus on legal and (26)___________ (BUSY) programmes welcoming students from all parts of the world. The student population of the University of Auckland is 40,000, about 4,000 of whom have come to study from abroad. The University of Auckland also offers postgraduate studies, which will certainly broaden your academic and (27)___________ (EMPLOY) horizons. It will be (28)___________ (VALUE) for your CV with specialist skills and knowledge provided. Whether you plan to join the next generation of leading (29)_________ (LAW) in New Zealand or in your native country, the University of Auckland will help you to make your mark on the world. 

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Пример ответа: foundation

Build Your Own Robot!

Lego Mindstorms NXT is back and better than ever! You are lucky if you have such a (25) __________ (COLOUR) set of Lego bricks Mindstorms NXT.

With new robot models, even more customizable programming, and all new technology including a colour sensor, you will never exhaust its (26) __________ (CREATE) potential.

The Lego Mindstorms NXT is the perfect gadget for those who would like to create their own robots the way they like to and with unique features. With active imagination as your guide, there are (27) __________ (COUNT) combinations of robots that you can create, some of which can be rather incredible.

However, don’t be (28) __________ (PATIENT) because modelling takes time.

LEGO Mindstorms NXT is rather (29) __________ (EXPENSIVE), so everyone can buy it.

We hope that LEGO Mindstorms NXT will produce an unforgettable  impression on you.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Whether there is life on other planets has always been one of the greatest questions in science but it remains difficult to prove. In 2010, a group of NASA scientists made a discovery that aroused a lot of (25)______ (EXCITE). Using the Kepler, a telescope that is mounted on a satellite in space, they spotted a planet that is very similar to Earth. They called it Kepler 10b. After eight months of (26)_____ (OBSERVE) scientists were able to estimate the size of the planet and concluded that Kepler 10b is the smallest known planet outside our solar system and the only one that is rocky.

This means that Kepler 10b is like Mars or Earth; it has a solid surface as opposed to one formed (27) ________ (ENTIRE) of gases. However, scientists think that Kepler 10b is (28)_______ (LIKELY) to support any form of life. They came to this (29)______(DISAPPOINT) conclusion because temperatures on its surface can rise to around 1,300 degrees Celsius.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Metropolis

The image of Superman is known to people all over the world thanks to a number of (25) _______(SUCCESS) Hollywood films featuring the man with super-human powers. However, Superman was a comic-book character dating back to 1933 and was the (26) _______(INVENT) of two schoolfriends from Ohio. Joe Shuster who drew the pictures and Jerry Siegel, the (27) _______(WRITE) of the stories. The Superman they created lived in the fictional city of Metropolis. But, in the state of Illinois, there exists a small city with that name, and there one of the main (28)_______(ATTRACT) is a statue of Superman in the city square. And every year, a Superman tour is held with (29)_______(COMPETE) on the theme and on the theme and a professional actor playing the part of the man himself.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Niagara Falls Journal

July 24 - My family and I got an early morning start on our driving vacation from Illinois to Niagara Falls in Ontario, Canada.

I love reading the street signs and food labels in French and English. How (25) __________________(USUAL) to be in a country that is bilingual!

July 25 - We started our day at Horseshoe Falls. Just watching all the millions of gallons of water flow over the Falls is mesmerizing. I couldn't take my eyes off the (26) __________________(NATURE) beauty. It was also very loud. 

July 26 - Today we went on the Maid of the Mist boat ride. We had to put on very heavy raincoats. We needed this (27) ________________(PROTECT) because our boat took us past the American Falls and into the heavy mist of Horseshoe Falls. I took some great pictures.

We came back to the Falls at night to see the light display. Hundreds of lights that (28) __________________(CONSTANT) changed their colour were directed on the Falls.

July 27 - We left Niagara Falls for the remainder of our trip to Toronto, Canada. We drove along Queen Victoria Park which parallels the Niagara River and was full of (29)__________________(TOUR). I agree with Winston Churchill who once remarked that this route is "the prettiest Sunday afternoon drive in the world.

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Pavel Yablochkov

Pavel Yablochkov was a Russian electrical engineer and businessman. He was also the (25)__________________(INVENT) of the Yablochkov candle – a type of electric carbon arc lamp – and the transformer. A Yablochkov candle was much easier to use than other kinds of lamps.

The first public use of a Yablochkov candle took place in Paris in 1877. The Paris Exposition of 1878 gave Yablochkov a great opportunity to make a spectacular (26)__________________(DEMONSTRATE) of his candle to the world audience.

It was so (27)__________________(SUCCESS) that many contemporary businessmen got interested in Yablochkov candles.

They (28)__________________(QUICK) set up companies licensing Yablochkov’s patents. From the mid-1880s, Yablochkov started to devote more of his time to the problems of generating electrical energy.

Many of Yablochkov’s further inventions were much ahead of his time. Modern (29)__________________(SCIENCE) still use his ideas in their work.

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From the history of libraries

The first libraries appeared in around 2600 BC in Sumer. There were no paper books at that time – people used clay tablets.

They were stored in (25)__________________(CONTAIN) in special rooms. Such rooms were(26)__________________(USUAL) located in temples.

However, more and more information needed to be stored, that is why people decided they needed separate (27)__________________(BUILD) for the clay tablets and later for manuscripts.

Around 500 BC libraries stored not only (28)__________________(GOVERN) orders and records, but also works on mathematics, history, astronomy, philosophy and medicine.

Libraries of the ancient Roman Empire had (29)__________________(COUNT) manuscripts of the best scholars of that time, so an early form of a catalogue system was introduced and librarians were needed.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Hobbies are a great way to relax and unwind after a busy day at school or at work. One of the most popular hobbies nowadays is sketching. It is (25)_________ (DEFINITE) a good hobby for you if you want to start thinking in a different way.

Sketching develops (26)_________ (CREATE).

It can be very helpful for your personal (27)_________ (DEVELOP).

Besides, you can apply the skills you learn through sketching in a number ways in your life. To begin with, you may become interested in a career of an (28)_________ (ILLUSTRATE).

Moreover, you will never need a camera when you are on holiday because your drawings will be the best memories about your trip. Finally, while sketching you learn to notice your feelings and emotions and thus improve your (29)_________ (COMMUNICATE) skills.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Ivan Sechenov

Ivan Sechenov was an outstanding Russian scientist. He was born in 1829 in a noble family. His parents inspired young Ivan to continue his education throughout his entire life, and the boy followed their advice. At the age of 14 he chose to become a military engineer and studied (25)_________ (VARY) technical subjects.

However, his heart was not really in it. In 1850 Sechenov entered Moscow Medical University with a full (26)_________ (AWARE) of the goals of his life.

Sechenov was a (27)_________ (WILL) student, which enabled him to graduate among top students.

He mastered biology, anatomy, surgery and physiology to (28)_________ (PERFECT). After a short period of studying and working abroad Sechenov returned to Russia where he made numerous discoveries in psychology, physiology and anatomy, many of which we still use today.

Publishing houses (29)_________ (PRINT) his scientific works every year. was an outstanding Russian scientist. He was born in 1829 in a noble family. His parents inspired young Ivan to continue his education throughout his entire life, and the boy followed their advice.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Auckland

Auckland is the largest and most populous city in New Zealand. The (25)_________ (POPULATE) of Auckland is getting close to 1.4 million residents.

It is (26)_________ (CONVENIENT) situated in the North Island of the country, between the Waitakere Ranges and the Hauraki Gulf.

The city enjoys an oceanic climate, which is (27)_________ (COMPARE) to the climate in most of Europe. It is a popular destination for numerous immigrants to New Zealand. Expats have an overall good experience when staying in Auckland.

Most expats find it very easy to communicate with the locals, who are very (28)_________ (FRIEND).

Another positive thing about Auckland is the amount of nature and free space, which is appreciated a lot, especially by those coming from more densely inhabited (29)_________ (LOCATE).

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Пример ответа: foundation

Chicago from above

Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Sky walk. It has quickly gained (25)________ (POPULAR) with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.

Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff will (26)_________ (CERTAIN) tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.

For those who feel (27)_________ (COMFORT) about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.

These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and (28)________ (REMARK) history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.

History Wall is another popular (29)__________ (ATTRACT). More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to a great city.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Scottish inventions

Do you know how the refrigerator was invented? It is one of the most important (25)__________ (CONTRIBUTE) of the Scots to the world.

If James Harrison (1816-1893), a Scottish immigrant to Australia, didn’t (26)__________ (ACCIDENTAL) push ether gas into a metal tube, people might still be using boxes filled with blocks of ice to cool their food.

The main problem was how to overcome the need for ice in the (27)___________ (REFRIGERATE) process.

Ice had to be cut fresh from frozen lakes and stored inside an underground house until it was ready to be used as a (28)___________ (COOL).

Australians had difficulty gaining access to (29)____________ (NATURE) ice since Australia does not enjoy that many lakes.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Animals

The importance of animals in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses. (25)__________ (COUNT) pictures of this kind can be seen in art galleries and private residences.

Animals are (26)___________ (WIDE) used in advertising in magazines and on television.
The Royal Society for the (27)__________ (PREVENT) of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest charities in Britain.

RSPCA is a part of a more general (28)__________ (MOVE) in support of animal rights that has emerged recently in Britain and the USA.

Animal rights organizations use (29)__________ (VARY) tactics: picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals.

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Пример ответа: foundation

The heart of Bangkok

Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. Its numerous high-rise (25)_________ (BUILD), heavy traffic congestion, intense heat and naughty nightlife may not immediately give you the best impression.

Don’t let that (26)__________ (LEAD) you.

It is one of Asia’s most cosmopolitan cities with (27)__________ (IMPRESS) temples and palaces, authentic canals, busy markets and a vibrant nightlife that has something for everyone.

The heart of Bangkok is (28)_________ (PROBABLE) its magnificent Grand Palace, which is one of the architectural wonders of the world.

It is a (29)_________ (COLLECT) of highly decorated holy temples and monuments.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Future population

The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmental (25)__________ (SCIENCE) and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.

The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of the (26)__________ (GLOBE) population.

You now may think it is (27)__________ (POSSIBLE) but three centuries from there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.

The report says that the world’s population is likely to be (28)__________ (SIGNIFICANT) older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.

Almost a quarter of all the (29)__________ (INHABIT) of the planet will live in Africa.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Invention of Potato

Chips The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum who was a chef at a restaurant in New York. Fried potatoes were popular at the restaurant because they were rather (25)_________ (EXPENSIVE), but one day a visitor complained that the slices were too thick.

Crum made thinner slices, but the (26)__________ (NERVE) customer was still dissatisfied.

Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy the (27)________ (EXTREME) difficult customer.

But the customer was happy — and that was the (28)_________ (INVENT) of potato chips!
(29)__________ (INDUSTRY) manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Tourism in Australia

The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse (25)________ (ENVIRONMENT) impacts.

It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, a (26)_________ (RESERVE) of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park’s northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.

A year or two later, the (27)_________ (DEVELOP) of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.

The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory (28)_________ (GOVERN) was sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.

Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of (29)_________ (VISIT) rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.

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Пример ответа: foundation

The World’s Language

The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and (25)________ (SCIENCE) terms would add millions more.

The wealth of existing synonyms means that (26)_________ (SPEAK) of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.

In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for (27)________ (PRACTICE) purposes, to be more expressive than others.

The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. (28)_________ (NATURAL), African languages have no native word for snow.

Nowadays, globalization influences the (29)_________ (DEVELOP) of languages.

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Пример ответа: foundation

Entertaining guests

The most usual way to entertain friends at home is to invite them for a meal, either in the evening or at lunch-time on a Sunday. When guests are invited for a meal, they often sit and chat while they have a drink before the meal, and coffee is (25)_________ (USUAL) served afterwards.

Several close friends are sometimes invited at once to make a small party to celebrate a birthday, a child’s coming of age or some special (26)_________ (ACHIEVE).
These parties are almost always (27)_________ (FORMAL), there is no dress code and in summer, when the weather is fine, people may hold a barbecue in the garden.

Formal occasions, official receptions for foreign visitors, when written (28)_________ (INVITE) are sent, rarely take place in people’s homes, although they did in the past.

The host often provides (29)_________ (VARY) kinds of entertainment, or at least entertains guests with interesting stories and merry jokes.