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You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Rainforests are very thick and tall jungles. They get a lot of rain every year, so they are called rainforests. These forests are very important for our planet. People often call them the lungs of the Earth because they produce oxygen. Half of all plants and animals live there. This makes rainforests very special. Sadly, the area of rainforests is getting smaller. Global warming is one of the main reasons for this. One hundred years ago, rainforests covered 14 percent of the Earth. Now they cover only 6 percent. Scientists say that if we do not stop this process, rainforests will disappear in about forty years. This would be a big problem for all living things. We must protect rainforests. Planting trees and using less energy can help. Everyone can do something to save our planet.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Global warming is caused by human activities. In 1985, a big conference took place in Austria. 89 climate scientists from different countries came together. After long discussions, they said that the planet's climate had changed. It is true that the Earth is warmer now than it was many years ago. We can see this clearly in the north. In the Arctic, some places are now free of ice. Polar bears have lost their natural home. The sea level has also risen. This is very dangerous for people who live near the coast. The situation is becoming more and more serious every year. Global warming is a huge problem, and we need to solve it soon. We can help by using less energy, driving less, and planting more trees. Every small action matters. If we work together, we can make a difference and protect our planet for future generations.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales. It is in a national park. Its height is 1085 metres above sea level. People often call it the busiest mountain in Great Britain because many tourists visit it. If you are strong and brave enough to climb to the top, you can see beautiful views from there. On a clear day, you can even see as far as Ireland! During the summer, there is a small café at the top. Tourists can buy a hot cup of tea or some soup if the weather is cold. If you feel too tired to walk down, you can take a train. The mountain railway was built in 1896. It is very safe, and there have never been any accidents on this route. Snowdon is a wonderful place for nature lovers. It gives people a chance to enjoy fresh air and amazing scenery. That is why so many visitors come every year.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Most people think that the tomato is a vegetable, but it is actually a fruit. It is a fruit because it has seeds inside, like apples, oranges, and lemons. Tomatoes come from Central and South America. When they were first brought to England, people were afraid to eat them. They thought that tomatoes were poisonous. In 1820, a man named Robert Johnson showed that tomatoes were safe. He ate a whole basket of tomatoes in front of many people. After that, people started to eat them more often. Today, tomatoes are used in many different dishes. There are over 7,500 kinds of tomatoes. They can be big or small, round or long, and they come in different colours like red, yellow, and orange. Their taste can be sweet or sour. Tomatoes are healthy and delicious. That is why they are popular all over the world.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

We are very lucky to have clean water whenever we need it. But many people around the world do not have this chance. More than 750 million people do not have clean water to drink. At the same time, a lot of water is wasted and polluted. In 1993, the United Nations created the World Day of Water. Every year, many special events take place in different countries. Their goal is to help people understand how important clean water is for health, nature, and farming. Water is essential for all living things. We cannot live without it. Fresh water supplies are limited, so we must save it. We should not waste water at home or at school. We also need to keep rivers and lakes clean. This is important for us and for future generations. Every drop matters. Let us all do our best to protect our water sources every day.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

In 1642, a French student invented the first mechanical calculator. He was only 18 years old. He made this machine as a gift for his father, who worked as a tax collector. The young man wanted to help his father do his job more easily. He built several machines, but nobody was interested in them at that time. The inventor was ahead of his time. Many years passed before people understood how useful such machines could be. Later, companies started to produce them in large numbers. Today, most mechanical calculators have been replaced by electronic ones. These small devices can do many mathematical operations very quickly. You just press the keys to enter the numbers, and the result appears on the screen in a moment. They are easy to use and very helpful. Modern calculators are used in schools, offices, and shops all over the world.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Many people think that summer is hot because the Earth is closer to the Sun. This idea is not correct. In fact, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is largest in July and smallest in January. Scientists explain that the real reason for different temperatures is the angle of the Sun's rays. In summer, the rays reach the Earth almost at a right angle. Because of this, they are not spread out, and a smaller area of the surface gets more energy. This makes the weather warm. In winter, the angle changes, and the Sun's rays are spread over a larger area. So the energy is weaker. Besides this, winter days are short and nights are long. The land does not have enough time to warm up. These two factors together explain why summer and winter feel so different. The distance from the Sun is not the main reason for the seasons.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

A robot is a machine that does work for people. The word "robot" appeared in the 1920s and was first used in a science fiction story. In real life, the robot was invented later, in 1954. There are different kinds of robots, and they are used in different industries. Most of them are operated with the help of a computer program. Instead of humans, robots do hard and boring work in unpleasant or dangerous environments. They usually work faster and more accurately than people. They never get tired and do not make mistakes. Nowadays robots are often used for domestic needs, such as cleaning houses or looking after sick and elderly people. Scientists say that soon robots will become a normal part of our life, like mobiles and computers today. This technology is developing very quickly and will change many things in the future.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Venus is one of the hottest planets in the Solar system. The temperature on its surface is 482 degrees. This unfriendly place looks much the same as the Earth 4 billion years ago. Both planets were formed from the same gas cloud, but Venus lost most of its water and atmosphere. This happened because the planet turns very slowly. As a result, now it has no magnetic field to protect it from the Sun's winds. The planet has turned into a lifeless desert. Most space modules that were sent to Venus could not work on the planet more than two hours. The acidic clouds and high pressure quickly made them absolutely useless.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

We are always told that we should clean our teeth regularly to keep them healthy and to have fresh breath. It is believed that people started using a kind of paste to clean their teeth around 5000 years ago. However, the ingredients of these tooth powders were very different from ours. For example, the people of ancient Egypt used salt, mint, dried flowers, and pepper to create tooth powder. Later, in the 18th century, in some countries in Europe, people brushed their teeth with burnt bread. The first toothpaste appeared in 1890 in Great Britain. At first, it was sold in jars. Then special tubes were designed to make the toothpaste more comfortable to use. Today, there are many kinds of toothpaste with different flavours and purposes. Some of them help with sensitive teeth, while others make teeth whiter. People can choose the best option for their needs.

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The Channel Tunnel is a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel which links Great Britain and France. It is considered to be one of the most amazing engineering constructions in Europe. The second longest undersea tunnel in the world was opened in 1994. It is said that 13,000 workers and engineers participated in the construction project. The Channel Tunnel contains three tunnels. The south tunnel is for people who are travelling from France to the UK, and the north tunnel takes passengers from the UK to France. Nowadays it takes 35 minutes to go from Paris to London in the Channel Tunnel. The third tunnel is a service tunnel. It is not used by passengers. This tunnel is used for maintenance and safety purposes. The Channel Tunnel has made travel between the two countries much faster and easier. It has also become an important symbol of cooperation between Great Britain and France.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The word “tsunami” can be translated from Japanese as “big wave”. It describes a natural process that can be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after earthquakes. Most waves are born in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where volcanoes are active. The mass of water rises from the bottom of the ocean and moves to the shore. It moves at a speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters high. The wave is very powerful and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. Thousands of people were killed or went missing.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Wombats are exotic animals that only live in Australia. They have become an unofficial symbol of the country. In 1974 a wombat appeared on an Australian stamp for the first time. Since then it has been regularly used on different Australian stamps and coins. Wombats look like little bears and prefer grass to meat. They also love eating berries, plant roots and mushrooms. Like camels, wombats drink little water because there is enough water in fresh grass. Wombats spend most of their life in holes under the ground. With their strong arms and long nails they are able to dig very long and complex tunnels. Fortunately, wombats have few enemies in the animal world. Most wombats live around 15 years.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The Caspian Sea is one of the world’s natural wonders. It shares the characteristics of both a sea and a lake. In the past it was called a sea because of its great size and salty water. However, the Caspian Sea is listed as the largest lake in the world. There are about 130 rivers which bring their water to the Caspian Sea. But it is not a freshwater lake – its water is very salty. The Caspian Sea is famous for its wildlife. More than 850 kinds of animals can be found in this unique sea. The Caspian Sea region is also one of the oldest oil-producing areas in the world. It is also rich in other natural resources.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Nowadays solar energy is widely used as an alternative form of power. Solar panels transform the energy from the sun into electricity. The first plane that does not need fuel was constructed in France in 2015. It uses only the sun's energy. The panels are placed on the huge wings of the plane. It does not fly very fast. Solar energy can make the plane move at only 140 miles an hour. However, the plane is able to travel round the world. It is safe and can successfully cross areas of bad weather. In the future, engineers hope to construct a model that people can fly in. Our dream of environmentally friendly transport may come true very soon. This technology could change the way we travel and help protect the environment at the same time.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

One day a young man who lived near a lake in a small American town asked himself why people could not ski on water if they could ski on snow. With his brother's help, he constructed several models of skis to test his ideas. He experimented on the local lake for a few days and created skis suitable for the water. This happened in 1922. The young man, who was only 18 at that time, did not patent his invention. However, he performed a lot of shows across the country that made him and the sport of water skiing popular. Later, he was recognized as the creator of a new sport called water skiing. Water skiing equipment has been greatly improved since that time, and the number of people who enjoy this sport is growing in many countries. Today, water skiing is a popular activity in many resorts around the world.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The carrot is a root vegetable which consists mostly of water and sugar. The carrots that we eat today originated from the wild ones which grew in Europe and Asia. The vegetable tasted sweet and the people began to use it as food. There are two main types of carrots. There are eastern carrots that have dark purple roots and western carrots with orange roots. In fact, orange carrots first appeared in Europe in 1721. Dutch farmers selected orange carrots because orange is the colour of the Dutch Royal Family. Now orange carrots are widely grown all over the world. In modern households carrots are cooked and eaten in different ways. The vegetable is boiled, fried, baked and eaten raw. People also make juice from it.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Recycling is a technology that helps protect the environment and cut down on usage of raw materials. The steel, paper and glass industries recycle a lot. The largest recycler is the steel industry. It recovers more than 70 percent of its original materials. For example, since 1988 they have produced the majority of new metal cans from old ones. Metal parts for cars and planes are other examples of recycling steel. Fragments of waste glass are widely used in construction. For producing writing paper and pens, used packing boxes are an ideal material. They are cheap and easy to recycle. Nowadays more and more recycling centres are appearing in our towns and cities.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. It is also the second oldest university in the world. The University of Oxford is believed to have started in 1133. It is located in Oxford City on the Thames River, not far from London. Oxford University is one of the world’s most impressive centres of education. There are students from different countries there. In fact, there is no building in Oxford called Oxford University. The University includes 38 colleges and related buildings. Over 22,000 students study English language and literature, geography, history, law, modern languages and other subjects there.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Our planet is the only planet in the Solar System where rainbows are possible. They are not visible in big cities, due to pollution and smog. But if you are travelling after rain has fallen in the countryside or walking on the beach, you have a good chance to see a rainbow. The rainbow is a multi-coloured arc which appears in the sky. When you see a rainbow, the sun is always behind you and it is raining in front of you. It is impossible to get to the end of the rainbow and to touch it. When you move, the rainbow moves too. We have always learned that rainbows have 7 colours. However, until the 17th century, people used to think there were only 5 colours in the rainbow.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

The human brain is the most complex and remarkable organ of the body. It controls everything we do – thinking, learning, and even heart rate. Though the brain makes up only 2 percent of the body's weight, it uses around 20 percent of its energy. It works 24 hours a day. Even when a person is sleeping, the brain is working hard to keep other organs functioning. Most people think that our brain is more active during the daytime because it needs to deal with a great amount of information. In fact, that’s not true. The brain is far more active when a person is sleeping! However, scientists don’t yet have any explanation for this fact.

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Nowadays people can’t imagine their kitchen without a refrigerator. The first refrigerators appeared at the end of the 18th century. They looked different: they were just iceboxes. The refrigerators of the past were just wooden boxes, sometimes lined inside with metal. People put ice into the box and then placed the food inside to keep it cool. The refrigerator, similar to the one that we have now, was produced by General Electric in 1911, in France. It was very expensive. In those days, with the same money you could buy two cars. Today, in developed countries almost every family has enough money to buy a refrigerator for their kitchen. It’s hard to imagine how difficult and uncomfortable our lives would be without a refrigerator.

Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. 

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. 

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. 

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.