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Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions.
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions.
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions.
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Olivia:

From: Olivia@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: Environmental problems

... Our school has started an eco-project. We collect plastic bottles, plant trees and try to use less paper. I think small actions can really help the planet. What ecological problem is the most serious in your region? What can teenagers do to protect nature? Would you like to take part in an eco-project at your school, and why?

Write a message to Olivia and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100–120 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Jack:

From: Jack@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: Artificial intelligence

... We had a discussion at school about artificial intelligence. Some students think AI will make our lives easier, while others are worried that people will become too dependent on technology.What do you use artificial intelligence for? Do you think AI can replace people in some jobs? Would you like to learn more about modern technologies, and why?

Write a message to Jack and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100–120 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Emily:

From: Emily@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: Unusual sports

... Last weekend I watched a competition in an unusual sport called underwater hockey. It looked really exciting, although quite difficult. I think trying new sports can be a great adventure. What unusual sport would you like to try? Why do some teenagers choose extreme sports? What sport do you think is the best for keeping fit?

Write a message to Emily and answer her 3 questions.
Write 100–120 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ben:

From: Ben@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: The Internet

... Our teacher asked us to discuss how the Internet has changed our lives. Some students said they could not imagine their everyday life without it, but others think people spend too much time online. How much time do you usually spend on the Internet? What websites or apps do you find the most useful? What advice would you give to teenagers who spend too much time online?

Write a message to Ben and answer his 3 questions.
Write 100–120 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. In what place does the climate differ very much?
2. What made people leave this place?
3. Which park has many species of animals?
4. What kind of art did ancient people practise?
5. Where are plant species protected?
6. Why isn’t it risky to take photos in this dangerous place?
7. What place do people avoid visiting?

A. In the Capitol Reef National Park in Utah you can see lots of beautiful cliffs and rocks. Many of them are covered with petroglyphs (rock carvings) and pictographs (rock paintings). They were made by the Fremont Indians, who lived there two thousand years ago and mysteriously disappeared in 1300 AD.

B. The Hawaii Volcanoes National Park has two of the world’s most active volcanoes. The true character of the park is best discovered on foot. You can walk along the paths of hard lava and often you can take a photo of real flowing lava running down the volcano slope! But don’t worry; the park rangers won’t let you get too close.

C. The Grand Canyon in Arizona is one of the true natural wonders of the world. It makes up most of the Grand Canyon National Park and millions of tourists visit it every year. The Grand Canyon is over 320 km long and up to 6 km deep. The top and the bottom of the canyon have very different weather and vegetation. While it is very hot at the top, it can be very cold at the bottom, especially at night. There are signs that people lived in the Grand Canyon 4,000 years ago.

D. The Yellowstone National Park is the first and the oldest national park in the USA. It was founded in 1872. Now it is home to a large variety of wildlife including grizzly bears, wolves, bisons, and elks. It’s famous for its geysers and hot springs. The most famous geyser is called “Old Faithful” because it shoots hot water and steam quite regularly — once every 75 minutes.

E. Going to Death Valley once meant danger and even death. It’s the hottest place in the United States and summer temperature can go up to 54 degrees! Today, Death Valley is a national park and thousands of tourists drive there (in comfortable cars, of course) to enjoy the beauty of this strange land. There are lots of ghost towns in Death Valley. In the 1800s people came here looking for gold and silver, but the terrible heat made them leave the place. Today, you can visit these ghost towns and look inside old houses, prisons and banks to see how people lived then.

F. Located roughly 2,600 miles southwest of Hawaii, National Park of American Samoa comprises five volcanic islands and two coral atolls. The park protects hundreds of plant species in five distinct rain forest communities: lowland, montane, coast, ridge, and cloud. It is the only such rain forest on American soil. Among the fauna visitors can see tropical birds and the endangered flying fox — a fruit bat with the wingspan of a barn owl.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What plant helped the Scots during war time?
2. What cloth came to Scotland from France?
3. What item of clothes doesn’t have pockets?
4. What instrument is usually played at every kind of festival?
5. Why are these Games held?
6. What separated England from Scotland in the Roman times?
7. What is the origin of the word denoting certain design?

A. Every schoolchild in Scotland learns the legend of how the thistle saved the country in the Middle Ages, when the Scots and the Norsemen were at war. Under cover of darkness, the Norsemen managed to land unobserved on the coast of Scotland. Removing their boots, they crept on barefoot towards the unsuspecting Scottish army. Suddenly, in the calmness of the night there came a sharp cry of pain: a Norse soldier had stepped on a thistle. Thus awakened, the Scots acted quickly and drove invaders from their shores.

B. The border between Scotland and England stretches for 174 km along the Cheviot Hills and the river Tweed to the North Sea. Hadrian’s Wall, built by the Romans, ran further south than this, from Carlisle on the river Eden to the river Tyne in the east. The town of Berwick-on-Tweed, at the mouth of the Tweed, changed hands between Scotland and England 13 times between 1147 and 1482 before finally becoming part of England.

C. Bagpipes are found in many countries besides Scotland, but they have become so linked with Scotland that the country and its instrument are practically synonymous. Pipes take many different shapes and forms, and though formerly used in pastoral celebrations, today they are used for every kind of festival activities. They have been adopted by military bands; no weddings or parties can do without piping.

D. A traditional Scottish kilt is made of 100 percent woolen material. It should sit high on the waist, with the bottom edge at the center of the knee. It can cost from $400 to $700. Kilts don’t have pockets, so a special purse or bag is attached to the leather belt to carry keys, money etc. Kilts are generally accepted at both formal and informal events. Prince Charles often wears a traditional kilt on ceremonial occasions.

E. The word tartan originally came to Scotland from France and it began to denote a special pattern forming checks of different colours. Tartan is traditionally used for making kilts, skirts, shawls and what not. Certain colours and pattern schemes are common in certain regions. Nowadays tartan patterns are extremely popular all over the world and are widely used in modern fashion.

F. Highland Games are held throughout the year in Scotland and many other countries of the world as a way of celebrating Scottish and Celtic culture and heritage. Certain aspects of the games have become emblematic of Scotland, such as bagpipes, the kilt, and sporting events. While centered on competitions in piping and drumming, dancing and Scottish heavy athletics, the games also include entertainment and exhibits related to other aspects of Scottish and Gaelic culture.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. When did it become possible to listen to the Queen’s speech?
2. What secret spices did the Crusaders bring to Britain?
3. How do Australians celebrate Christmas?
4. Which plant is good for people in love?
5. What kind of custom for fortune telling came from ancient times?
6. What things were not allowed in the 17th century?
7. Where did the custom of having a public fir tree place begin?

A. Houses are decorated with coloured paper ribbons and chains. Holly with red berries is put on the walls and looks very colourful. A piece of mistletoe (a plant) is hung from the ceiling. It is said to be lucky to kiss under the mistletoe hanging from the ceiling. As you can understand, a lot of people who may not usually kiss each other take the chance given by a piece of mistletoe!

B. One of the delicacies the British have enjoyed for almost 900 years is the mince pie. This is a sort of small cake with a delicious mixture of spices and fruit. It was the Crusaders who introduced it when they brought back new aromatic spices from the Holy Land. In the 17th century Oliver Cromwell tried to ban eating mince pies (as well as singing carols) — but people continued to eat (and sing) in secret.

C. Christmas Day is a family day when families try to get together. In past years, the Queen broadcast a radio message from her study at Sandringham House. Since 1959 she has been recording her message every year some weeks before Christmas, so it could be broadcast on Christmas Day on the radio in all parts of the British Commonwealth.

D. In the USA many towns have a public tree place in some square or park, or outside the town hall. This custom began first in America when an illuminated tree was set up in 1909 in Pasadena, California. Now we can observe the ceremony of putting up the Christmas tree in Rockefeller Center in the heart of New York City, as well as in the main square of every town in the country. The nation’s main Christmas tree is set up in Washington, D.C. on the parade ground near the White House. A few days before Christmas the President of the United States presses a button to light the tree. This is the signal for lighting trees across the land.

E. The custom of breaking a wishbone (of a chicken or turkey) comes from the Romans who used them for fortune telling. They examined the bones of sacrificed birds, which they thought were messengers from their gods. Looking for signs of future events, they broke the wishbone and the person with the longest piece could make a wish which may bring him luck or good fortune.

F. Christmas in Australia is not like anywhere else since December is one of the hottest months of the year. But the Australians have a great time anyway. Those who live near the coast go to the beach on Christmas Day. They have a swim, play cricket or volleyball, surf or just sit around with family and friends enjoying Christmas dinner. Santa Claus arrives on a surfboard — quite a change from sliding down a chimney!

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. Which park can be called the most modern extra-class park?
2. Which park is mostly loved by children?
3. In which park can you see different trees and plants?
4. Which park was started as an open-air exhibition?
5. Which park used to be a recreational and hunting place?
6. Which park is the place to feel oneself in the forest?
7. Which park is a traditional place for the meetings of war veterans?

A. The oldest park in Moscow is located in the northeast. The park got its name in honour of the royal falcon hunting, which took place here in the XVI–XVII centuries. For a long time, Sokolniki was a royal place of rest but during the years of revolution and the Civil War, the park fell into disrepair. It began to be restored only in the 1930s and soon became the favourite place for Muscovites. In the 1990s, the park again fell into neglect. Its territory was again landscaped in 2011: ponds were cleaned, picnic areas were equipped, lawns were renovated, and sidewalks were repaired.

B. The memorial complex in honour of the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War was solemnly opened on May 9, 1995. This memorial park is a landmark place for veterans of the Great Patriotic War, who gather here on Victory Day annually, on May 9th. In addition, Victory Park is a popular place for winter and summer holidays for Muscovites and guests of the capital. Many Moscow families keep memorable photos taken there on their wedding day.

C. Whenever possible, Muscovites try to escape from the city, breathe in fresh, clean air with a full chest. This is what makes Izmailovsky Park so attractive. It was created in 1931, and since then its doors have been open to visitors at any time of the year. Guests are attracted by the naturalness of this place: it resembles a real forest. You can go down to the boat station, walk around the romantic promenade and visit the exhibition space, where free exhibitions, film screenings and master classes regularly take place.

D. The Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow is the largest in Europe, with a rich collection of plants of open and closed soil, numbering over 17 thousand species and varieties. It was founded in 1945 on the territory of Ostankino Park. The main task of the Botanical Garden is the preservation of biological diversity. But it is also a wonderful place for outdoor recreation — perhaps in a little more exotic conditions.

E. The Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy is the largest multifunctional exhibition, covering an area of more than 235 hectares. Every year it is visited by over 20 million Muscovites and guests of the capital. Today VDNH returns the status of the best exhibition site of the country and the most popular recreation and educational centre, where you can not only have a good rest, but also get new knowledge. VDNH is one of the best recreational areas in the city for hiking and cycling. For the convenience of guests a large pedestrian zone is organized, which occupies one third of the Exhibition area.

F. Gorky Central Park is one of the main parks of Moscow. It became the first world-class park in Russia, a space for recreation, sports, dancing and outdoor games. Free admission, Wi-Fi, new modern zones, a programme of events and attention to people — all this has turned Gorky Park into the centre of the capital’s life, making it one of the main points of attraction for both young people and family audiences. Interesting events, festivals and concerts are held in the park every weekend. In winter, guests are welcome in a skating rink and snowboard park.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. When did the Hermitage become a public museum?
2. What was the Hermitage building used for at first?
3. How many collections are there in the Hermitage?
4. How did the Hermitage collections grow in Soviet time?
5. How are the Hermitage collections popularized in Russia?
6. What day is celebrated by the Hermitage as the date of its foundation?
7. How large are the Hermitage Museum and its collections?

A. The State Hermitage Museum is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg. The second-largest art museum in the world, it was founded in 1764 when Empress Catherine the Great got an impressive collection of paintings from a Berlin merchant. The museum celebrates the anniversary each year on 7 December, Saint Catherine’s Day. It has been open to the public since 1852 and is the eighth among the most visited art museums in the world.

B. Its collections, of which only a small part is on permanent display, count over three million items, including the largest collection of paintings in the world. The collections occupy a large complex of six historic buildings including the Winter Palace, a former residence of Russian emperors. The museum has several exhibition centres abroad. Since July 1992, the director of the museum has been Mikhail Piotrovsky.

C. During the time of Catherine, the Hermitage was not a public museum and few people were allowed to view its treasure. The Hermitage buildings served as a home and workplace for nearly a thousand people, including the Imperial family. Many events were held in these buildings including masquerades for the nobility, grand receptions and ceremonies for state and government officials.

D. The Royal collection was greatly enriched during the next two centuries. In 1838, Nicholas I ordered to design a building for the public museum. The New Hermitage was opened to the public on 5 February 1852. Meanwhile, in 1851–1860, the interiors of the Old Hermitage were redesigned to accommodate the State Assembly, Cabinet of Ministers and state apartments.

E. Immediately after the Revolution of 1917 the Imperial Hermitage and the Winter Palace, the former Imperial residence, were proclaimed state museums. The range of the Hermitage’s exhibits was further expanded when private art collections from several palaces of the Russian Tsars and numerous private mansions were nationalized and redistributed among major Soviet state museums.

F. Russia-K, a Russian national television channel, has been presenting the various art collections of the Hermitage to the general public for years. There are a series of programmes that have been particularly successful. All of these programmes are organized by the Director of the Hermitage, Professor Mikhail Piotrovsky. Another programme created by the Hermitage was called ‘The Treasures of St. Petersburg,’ and was broadcast on the St. Petersburg regional television.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. Why did British people begin adding milk in their tea?
2. What is the right way to make tea?
3. Why are quick and easy meals popular nowadays?
4. How did tea drinking become a small meal?
5. What changes in their diet have the British had?
6. What kind of restaurants can be found everywhere around Britain?
7. Why was tea considered a healthy drink?

A. British attitude to what they eat daily has changed a lot over the past twenty years. In the 1990s each person ate about 352 grams of “red” meat each week, but now it’s less than 250 grams. People prefer chicken and fresh fish. And more people are interested in healthy eating these days. In 1988 the national average was 905 grams of fruit and fruit juices each week, but now it’s nearly 2,000 grams.

B. Twenty years ago, British people usually ate at home. They only went out for a meal at special times, like for somebody’s birthday. Today when both parents are working, they cannot cook large meals in the evenings. ‘Ready-made’ meals from supermarkets and Marks and Spencer and ‘take-away’ meals from fast food restaurants are very popular. If you are feeling tired or lazy, you can even phone a local restaurant. They will deliver the food to your house.

C. In the past, traditional steakhouses were very popular places, but now more and more people prefer foreign food. Every British town has Indian and Chinese restaurants, and large towns have restaurants from many other countries too.

D. The British population drinks a lot of tea. Tea — mostly green tea from China — came to Britain in the late 1500s. But it was only for the very rich. It became cheaper about three hundred years later, when it was planted in India and later in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). People from all classes started drinking it. But some people thought that too much tea was bad for their health. So they started putting milk in it to make it healthier!

E. Afternoon tea is a small meal. Now most ordinary British families do not have time for afternoon tea at home, but in the past it was a tradition. It became popular when rich ladies invited their friends to their houses for an afternoon cup of tea. They started offering their visitors sandwiches and cakes too. Soon everybody was enjoying this exciting new meal.

F. Most people today use teabags to make tea, but some serious drinkers make tea in the traditional way. First the water is boiled. Then some of the boiled water is used to warm the teapot. Then the tealeaves are put in the teapot. Then the boiling water is added. Then the pot is left for five minutes under a “tea cosy”. Finally, the tea is served in delicate cups with saucers.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. How did the athletes celebrate the anniversary of women’s participation in the Olympic Games?
2. How did women protest against sexual discrimination?
3. Why were the Olympic Games brought back?
4. When were all wars stopped?
5. Why wasn’t one woman punished for her presence at the stadium?
6. What amazed fans at the stadium?
7. What is the greatest thrill of the Olympic Games?

A. Today’s Olympic Games are very different from the first ones, which were held every fourth summer in Ancient Greece 2,800 years ago. At that time all wars were stopped for a period of the Games. Women couldn’t play; they weren’t even allowed to watch. Athletes competed without any clothes on! The early events were footraces. Later, wrestling, javelin, discus, jumping and other events were added. Athletes became stars in those days, too. There were no TV commercials, but winners’ images often appeared on coins or as statues after their victories. In 394, the Roman Emperor ended the ancient Olympics and they weren’t renewed until many centuries later.

B. In 1896, a Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin began working to bring back the Olympics. He hoped that the Games would help to promote peace among nations. Two years later, the first modern Olympics took place. Of course, they were held in Greece to symbolise the continuation of the centuries-old tradition. The Olympics have changed with the times. The first events for women were held in 1900. Many sports were added. That year, for the first time, women competed in the same number of team sports as men.

C. One of the most famous Olympic traditions is the lighting of the Olympic flame. Australian athlete Cathy Freeman carried the Olympic torch up a white stairway, walking through water to light the flame on stage. Freeman is an Aborigine, which means her ancestors were the first people to inhabit Australia. She was the last of six Australian women to carry the torch at the end of its four-month’s journey to the Olympic Stadium. These women carried the torch to its final destination to celebrate the 100th anniversary of women’s participation in the Games.

D. Smoke, fire, music, dancing, horses and marching bands amazed fans as they cheered teams from all over the world at the opening ceremony. The closing ceremony was even more spectacular — with giant shrimp on bicycles, shiny robots on stilts, a Frankenstein kangaroo and a huge inflatable eyeball. Fireworks — the biggest the world had ever seen — lit up the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

E. The Olympic Games aren’t just about winning. The real thrill is competing against the best players on earth. In other words, “Every athlete wants to face an opponent who’s having the performance of a lifetime. That is when you truly find that you are the best.” It was in the early Olympic Games, the same is true nowadays.

F. In old times women were neither allowed to take part in the Olympic Games or even to watch them at the stadium. For violating of these rules women could be severely punished and even executed. There was a single exception, when a woman coached her son and accompanied him to the stadium in men’s clothes. She wasn’t punished only because her son showed fine results in many sports events.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What great sports event symbolises the unity of nations?
2. What modern sports event has deep national roots?
3. Why is sport so necessary for everybody?
4. What historical event started modern sports traditions?
5. What kind of entertainment could have tragic results?
6. What group of people was discriminated at first?
7. What country became the birthplace of numerous kinds of sports?

A. Sport is probably as old as humanity itself. It has been developing with the growth of mankind. All over the world people of different ages are very fond of sports and games. Sport not only helps people to become strong and to develop physically but also makes them more organised and better disciplined in their daily activities. We all need exercise. Regular exercises give you more energy. That is why many people who suffer from general tiredness should take more exercise as it makes them feel and look better.

B. The British are known to be great sports-lovers, so when they are neither playing nor watching games, they like to talk about them. Football is, maybe, the most popular sport in the UK. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own Football Leagues and National teams. Many of the games we play now come from Britain. The British invented many of the sports now played worldwide, including football, tennis, badminton, cricket and golf.

C. During the 1993 Fair in St. Louis Mr Hatch decided to bungee jump. He arrived at 10.30 a.m., signed the release document and was lifted in the bungee cage 170 feet above the ground. His jump was being filmed by a local television station. The bungee master told him that he had to attach the bungee cord. Unfortunately, he forgot to attach the other end of the bungee cord and Mr Hatch flew 170 feet to the airbag on the ground. Due to the serious injuries he suffered, the jury awarded him $5,000,000 against both the Fair Foundation and the bungee jump operator.

D. The original Olympic Games began in Ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These games were part of the festival held every fourth year in honour of the God, Zeus, at a place called Mount Olympus. It was a great athletic festival, including the competitions in wrestling, foot racing, chariot racing, rowing and others. The games were for man only. Greek women were forbidden not only to participate in competitions but also to attend the Olympics.

E. Scottish Highland Games attract large numbers of spectators from all over the world. These meetings are held every year in different places of Scottish Highlands. They include the clans led by their pipers, dressed in kilts, who march round the arena. No one knows exactly when the men of the Highlands first gathered to wrestle, toss cabers, throw hammers, dance and play music. The Games reflected the hard life of the early Scots. They had to handle timber, lift rocks to build the houses, hunt etc. The contests of the Highland Games have developed from such activities.

F. The world’s greatest international sports games are known as the Olympic Games. The Olympic idea means friendship, fraternity and cooperation among the people of the world. The Olympic movement proves that real peace can be achieved through sport. The Olympic emblem is five interlinking rings: blue, yellow, green, black and red. Any national flag contains at least one of these colours.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What can the rise of temperature lead to?
2. What region can be mostly affected by climate changes?
3. What is the disastrous result of industrial development?
4. How should people change their outlook and lifestyle?
5. What is the main tendency of climate changes everywhere?
6. Why do people react so emotionally to climate changes?
7. How long have people watched climate changes?

A. Jerome K. Jerome said that we are never happy with the weather. The weather, like the government, is always in the wrong. But something has been really wrong with it lately. Droughts, wildfires, landslides, avalanches, gales, tornadoes, floods... All over Europe it’s the same story. The weather is definitely getting worse and the so-called extreme weather events are becoming more and more frequent.

B. Greenhouse effect is actually a natural feature of our atmosphere without which life on our planet would be impossible. Certain atmospheric gases (the most important of them is carbon dioxide — CO₂) work as a kind of blanket, keeping the Earth warm. The amount of these ‘greenhouse’ gases used to be more or less the same for centuries. But the industrial revolution changed this steadiness. Because of heavy industry and other human activities the amounts of CO₂ and other gases have increased by 30%.

C. Climate experts predict that by 2050 the global average temperature will rise by 2–3 degrees. Northern regions will be wetter and warmer, southern regions will be drier and hotter. Forests will grow instead of tundra in Siberia. It’ll be possible to grow grapes in Britain. Not so bad so far. But parts of Spain, Italy and Greece will turn as dry as a desert. Snow will melt in the Alps and other mountains, and the water will cause floods, landslides and avalanches.

D. Moreover, some experts argue that the short-term global warming will lead to a more catastrophic long-term global cooling. As the arctic ice cap melts, a flow of fresh water will change currents, including the Gulf Stream, which now keeps Europe warm. Certainly we can cheer ourselves up with the idea that this forecast is far from proven. After all, people began to measure temperature not so long ago. The climatologic history of the world is long and man’s knowledge of it is short.

E. But it doesn’t mean that we can just sit and wait. Since the global warming is the result of air pollution, the main thing is to lower greenhouse gases emissions. People should use clean energy, such as wind, solar and wave power, which do not emit greenhouse gases. If we recycle cans and paper, take public transport and think about energy efficiency in the home — switching off unused lights, for example, we’ll reduce the threat of global climate change.

F. The Arctic is extremely vulnerable to climate change. The region is warming much more rapidly than the global average. Scientists state that the winter warming of northern regions by the end of the century will be at least 40 percent greater than the global warming. Temperature increases for the central Arctic are projected to be about 3–4°C during the next 50 years. Even an optimistic scenario predicts a result of a 4°C increase in autumn and winter average temperatures in the Arctic by the end of this century.

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

Пример ответа: 123456

1. What programmes were created to improve children’s life?
2. Why did certain political groups start using violence?
3. Why did women start to fight for their rights?
4. What was the history of terrorism?
5. How did governments start to fight for human rights?
6. What makes terrorism more dangerous nowadays?
7. Does everybody agree with the ideas of women’s movement?

A. The modern women’s liberation movement began in the 1960’s. It was started by women who were concerned about their role in the society and their work. Many women want full equality with men in every aspect of life. In marriage, they want husbands and wives to share all the work and responsibilities of a home and a family. At work they want women and men to have the same jobs and the same chances to succeed. They want women to be paid just as much as men for the same work.

B. Many people agree with the ideas and aims of women’s liberation. They feel that women ought to be considered equal to men in every way. They feel that a woman should be able to decide to stay at home and raise a family or to stay at home and not raise a family or to go out and work or to have a job outside the home and family as well. Other people are opposed to women’s liberation.

C. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) country programmes were formulated in consultations with governments. They include cooperation with people from all parts of society including government agencies, non-governmental organizations, community leaders, teachers, parents and children. More than 130 countries receive UNICEF support for primary health care, food, basic education and water and sanitation programmes.

D. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against governments, the public people or individuals to achieve some political aims. Terrorism has been used by political organization, by nationalistic and ethnic groups, by revolutionaries and by the armies and secret police of governments themselves. In the 20th century terrorism became the trait of a number of political movements, groups or even individuals who were trying to destabilize or overthrow existing political institutions.

E. Modern terrorism differs from that of the past because its victims are often innocent people who are just picked up by chance or who simply happen to get into terrorist situations. Violent acts often include kidnappings, assassinations, hijackings, bombing and etc. The universal availability of weapons, explosives, complicated devices along with the global communication revolution adds to the terrorists’ capabilities.

F. In 1945 leaders from fifty-one countries met in San Francisco and organised the United Nations. World War II just ended, millions of people had died and there was destruction everywhere. People hoped they could build a future of world peace with this new organization. Today, almost every country in the world is a member of the UN. Each country has signed an agreement that says it will help the UN in its actions or international peace and human rights to all people. It also says that all members promise to solve international problems in a peaceful way, and no member will use force against another member.

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Two Candidates

Mr Stone was a very clever man whose thoughts were always on learning. When he applied for a post at Camford University, his friends had no doubts that he would get the job. Even though there were hundreds of candidates willing to try their luck, he made up his mind to take part in the contest. Arriving at Camford, a very small town, he learnt that the only hotel was already full. So, he had to stay in the same room with another candidate, a cheerful fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than himself. The committee listened to all the candidates and only two of them, Mr Stone and Mr Adams, were chosen because it seemed impossible to decide who was more skillful. That is why, they were both asked to prepare a report on Ancient Greece and to give a lecture on the subject in three days’ time.

Mr Stone almost stopped eating and sleeping. He worked day and night, arranging his thoughts, writing out and learning his lecture by heart. As for Adams, he didn’t seem to do any preparation. He spent most of his time playing tennis and going to parties and did not return to his room till midnight.

On the day of the lecture Mr Stone, waiting for his turn to speak, discovered that his speech had disappeared. Turning his head, he saw Adams take the stolen speech out of his pocket and heard him read it to the audience. Adams read it so well that when he finished there was a storm of applause. Mr Stone was too much upset to protest. So, when his turn came, he could only repeat the same speech word for word, in a low voice.

When the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, everyone was sure what their choice would be. However, when the Dean gave Mr Stone’s name at last, nobody could believe it! They all had admired Mr Adams’s remarkable speech so much! Asked for explanation, the Dean said:

“The reason why we have chosen Mr Stone is that he was able to repeat from memory a brilliant lecture he had never heard before. What a memory must he have! And a fine memory is quite necessary for this post.”

As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Mr Stone and, shaking his hand, said:

“Congratulations, Mr Stone! However, let me give you a piece of advice. Be more careful and don’t leave valuable papers lying about!”

13. Mr Stone was in need of a job at the moment.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Two Candidates

Mr Stone was a very clever man whose thoughts were always on learning. When he applied for a post at Camford University, his friends had no doubts that he would get the job. Even though there were hundreds of candidates willing to try their luck, he made up his mind to take part in the contest. Arriving at Camford, a very small town, he learnt that the only hotel was already full. So, he had to stay in the same room with another candidate, a cheerful fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than himself. The committee listened to all the candidates and only two of them, Mr Stone and Mr Adams, were chosen because it seemed impossible to decide who was more skillful. That is why, they were both asked to prepare a report on Ancient Greece and to give a lecture on the subject in three days’ time.

Mr Stone almost stopped eating and sleeping. He worked day and night, arranging his thoughts, writing out and learning his lecture by heart. As for Adams, he didn’t seem to do any preparation. He spent most of his time playing tennis and going to parties and did not return to his room till midnight.

On the day of the lecture Mr Stone, waiting for his turn to speak, discovered that his speech had disappeared. Turning his head, he saw Adams take the stolen speech out of his pocket and heard him read it to the audience. Adams read it so well that when he finished there was a storm of applause. Mr Stone was too much upset to protest. So, when his turn came, he could only repeat the same speech word for word, in a low voice.

When the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, everyone was sure what their choice would be. However, when the Dean gave Mr Stone’s name at last, nobody could believe it! They all had admired Mr Adams’s remarkable speech so much! Asked for explanation, the Dean said:

“The reason why we have chosen Mr Stone is that he was able to repeat from memory a brilliant lecture he had never heard before. What a memory must he have! And a fine memory is quite necessary for this post.”

As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Mr Stone and, shaking his hand, said:

“Congratulations, Mr Stone! However, let me give you a piece of advice. Be more careful and don’t leave valuable papers lying about!”

14. Mr Stone had no doubts he would get the job.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Two Candidates

Mr Stone was a very clever man whose thoughts were always on learning. When he applied for a post at Camford University, his friends had no doubts that he would get the job. Even though there were hundreds of candidates willing to try their luck, he made up his mind to take part in the contest. Arriving at Camford, a very small town, he learnt that the only hotel was already full. So, he had to stay in the same room with another candidate, a cheerful fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than himself. The committee listened to all the candidates and only two of them, Mr Stone and Mr Adams, were chosen because it seemed impossible to decide who was more skillful. That is why, they were both asked to prepare a report on Ancient Greece and to give a lecture on the subject in three days’ time.

Mr Stone almost stopped eating and sleeping. He worked day and night, arranging his thoughts, writing out and learning his lecture by heart. As for Adams, he didn’t seem to do any preparation. He spent most of his time playing tennis and going to parties and did not return to his room till midnight.

On the day of the lecture Mr Stone, waiting for his turn to speak, discovered that his speech had disappeared. Turning his head, he saw Adams take the stolen speech out of his pocket and heard him read it to the audience. Adams read it so well that when he finished there was a storm of applause. Mr Stone was too much upset to protest. So, when his turn came, he could only repeat the same speech word for word, in a low voice.

When the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, everyone was sure what their choice would be. However, when the Dean gave Mr Stone’s name at last, nobody could believe it! They all had admired Mr Adams’s remarkable speech so much! Asked for explanation, the Dean said:

“The reason why we have chosen Mr Stone is that he was able to repeat from memory a brilliant lecture he had never heard before. What a memory must he have! And a fine memory is quite necessary for this post.”

As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Mr Stone and, shaking his hand, said:

“Congratulations, Mr Stone! However, let me give you a piece of advice. Be more careful and don’t leave valuable papers lying about!”

15. Mr Adams and Mr Stone waited for the other candidates to leave.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Two Candidates

Mr Stone was a very clever man whose thoughts were always on learning. When he applied for a post at Camford University, his friends had no doubts that he would get the job. Even though there were hundreds of candidates willing to try their luck, he made up his mind to take part in the contest. Arriving at Camford, a very small town, he learnt that the only hotel was already full. So, he had to stay in the same room with another candidate, a cheerful fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than himself. The committee listened to all the candidates and only two of them, Mr Stone and Mr Adams, were chosen because it seemed impossible to decide who was more skillful. That is why, they were both asked to prepare a report on Ancient Greece and to give a lecture on the subject in three days’ time.

Mr Stone almost stopped eating and sleeping. He worked day and night, arranging his thoughts, writing out and learning his lecture by heart. As for Adams, he didn’t seem to do any preparation. He spent most of his time playing tennis and going to parties and did not return to his room till midnight.

On the day of the lecture Mr Stone, waiting for his turn to speak, discovered that his speech had disappeared. Turning his head, he saw Adams take the stolen speech out of his pocket and heard him read it to the audience. Adams read it so well that when he finished there was a storm of applause. Mr Stone was too much upset to protest. So, when his turn came, he could only repeat the same speech word for word, in a low voice.

When the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, everyone was sure what their choice would be. However, when the Dean gave Mr Stone’s name at last, nobody could believe it! They all had admired Mr Adams’s remarkable speech so much! Asked for explanation, the Dean said:

“The reason why we have chosen Mr Stone is that he was able to repeat from memory a brilliant lecture he had never heard before. What a memory must he have! And a fine memory is quite necessary for this post.”

As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Mr Stone and, shaking his hand, said:

“Congratulations, Mr Stone! However, let me give you a piece of advice. Be more careful and don’t leave valuable papers lying about!”

16. Both candidates were given the same topic for their final report.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Two Candidates

Mr Stone was a very clever man whose thoughts were always on learning. When he applied for a post at Camford University, his friends had no doubts that he would get the job. Even though there were hundreds of candidates willing to try their luck, he made up his mind to take part in the contest. Arriving at Camford, a very small town, he learnt that the only hotel was already full. So, he had to stay in the same room with another candidate, a cheerful fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than himself. The committee listened to all the candidates and only two of them, Mr Stone and Mr Adams, were chosen because it seemed impossible to decide who was more skillful. That is why, they were both asked to prepare a report on Ancient Greece and to give a lecture on the subject in three days’ time.

Mr Stone almost stopped eating and sleeping. He worked day and night, arranging his thoughts, writing out and learning his lecture by heart. As for Adams, he didn’t seem to do any preparation. He spent most of his time playing tennis and going to parties and did not return to his room till midnight.

On the day of the lecture Mr Stone, waiting for his turn to speak, discovered that his speech had disappeared. Turning his head, he saw Adams take the stolen speech out of his pocket and heard him read it to the audience. Adams read it so well that when he finished there was a storm of applause. Mr Stone was too much upset to protest. So, when his turn came, he could only repeat the same speech word for word, in a low voice.

When the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, everyone was sure what their choice would be. However, when the Dean gave Mr Stone’s name at last, nobody could believe it! They all had admired Mr Adams’s remarkable speech so much! Asked for explanation, the Dean said:

“The reason why we have chosen Mr Stone is that he was able to repeat from memory a brilliant lecture he had never heard before. What a memory must he have! And a fine memory is quite necessary for this post.”

As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Mr Stone and, shaking his hand, said:

“Congratulations, Mr Stone! However, let me give you a piece of advice. Be more careful and don’t leave valuable papers lying about!”

17. Mr Adams got prepared for his report much better than Mr Stone.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Two Candidates

Mr Stone was a very clever man whose thoughts were always on learning. When he applied for a post at Camford University, his friends had no doubts that he would get the job. Even though there were hundreds of candidates willing to try their luck, he made up his mind to take part in the contest. Arriving at Camford, a very small town, he learnt that the only hotel was already full. So, he had to stay in the same room with another candidate, a cheerful fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than himself. The committee listened to all the candidates and only two of them, Mr Stone and Mr Adams, were chosen because it seemed impossible to decide who was more skillful. That is why, they were both asked to prepare a report on Ancient Greece and to give a lecture on the subject in three days’ time.

Mr Stone almost stopped eating and sleeping. He worked day and night, arranging his thoughts, writing out and learning his lecture by heart. As for Adams, he didn’t seem to do any preparation. He spent most of his time playing tennis and going to parties and did not return to his room till midnight.

On the day of the lecture Mr Stone, waiting for his turn to speak, discovered that his speech had disappeared. Turning his head, he saw Adams take the stolen speech out of his pocket and heard him read it to the audience. Adams read it so well that when he finished there was a storm of applause. Mr Stone was too much upset to protest. So, when his turn came, he could only repeat the same speech word for word, in a low voice.

When the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, everyone was sure what their choice would be. However, when the Dean gave Mr Stone’s name at last, nobody could believe it! They all had admired Mr Adams’s remarkable speech so much! Asked for explanation, the Dean said:

“The reason why we have chosen Mr Stone is that he was able to repeat from memory a brilliant lecture he had never heard before. What a memory must he have! And a fine memory is quite necessary for this post.”

As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Mr Stone and, shaking his hand, said:

“Congratulations, Mr Stone! However, let me give you a piece of advice. Be more careful and don’t leave valuable papers lying about!”

18. Mr Stone spoke so quietly that nobody heard him.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Two Candidates

Mr Stone was a very clever man whose thoughts were always on learning. When he applied for a post at Camford University, his friends had no doubts that he would get the job. Even though there were hundreds of candidates willing to try their luck, he made up his mind to take part in the contest. Arriving at Camford, a very small town, he learnt that the only hotel was already full. So, he had to stay in the same room with another candidate, a cheerful fellow called Adams, about twenty years younger than himself. The committee listened to all the candidates and only two of them, Mr Stone and Mr Adams, were chosen because it seemed impossible to decide who was more skillful. That is why, they were both asked to prepare a report on Ancient Greece and to give a lecture on the subject in three days’ time.

Mr Stone almost stopped eating and sleeping. He worked day and night, arranging his thoughts, writing out and learning his lecture by heart. As for Adams, he didn’t seem to do any preparation. He spent most of his time playing tennis and going to parties and did not return to his room till midnight.

On the day of the lecture Mr Stone, waiting for his turn to speak, discovered that his speech had disappeared. Turning his head, he saw Adams take the stolen speech out of his pocket and heard him read it to the audience. Adams read it so well that when he finished there was a storm of applause. Mr Stone was too much upset to protest. So, when his turn came, he could only repeat the same speech word for word, in a low voice.

When the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, everyone was sure what their choice would be. However, when the Dean gave Mr Stone’s name at last, nobody could believe it! They all had admired Mr Adams’s remarkable speech so much! Asked for explanation, the Dean said:

“The reason why we have chosen Mr Stone is that he was able to repeat from memory a brilliant lecture he had never heard before. What a memory must he have! And a fine memory is quite necessary for this post.”

As they walked out of the room, the Dean came up to Mr Stone and, shaking his hand, said:

“Congratulations, Mr Stone! However, let me give you a piece of advice. Be more careful and don’t leave valuable papers lying about!”

19. The audience was angry with the committee’s decision.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 13–19 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated).

Пример ответа: 1

Wild and Beautiful

I saw my first tiger in a national park in India. It was a male and he was drinking at a waterhole. He raised his head slowly and stared at us for a full minute. Then he turned his back on us and disappeared quickly into the jungle.

Twenty years ago, the tiger was in trouble. In India its numbers were around 1,800. Then the Indian government launched Project Tiger, which set up national parks all over the country. Poachers still hunt the tiger illegally, but at least it is no longer in danger of extinction.

In Africa, the most important species in danger is the elephant, the world’s largest living land mammal. In 1979 there were 1.3 million elephants there. Ten years later, their numbers were down to fewer than 600,000 and still were falling. Conservationists warned that the species could be extinct by the end of the century.

But slowly the situation changed. In July 1989, Kenya’s President Moi publicly burnt his country’s stock of ivory, and towards the end of 1989 the world agreed to ban the ivory trade completely. Since then, the demand for ivory has fallen sharply, and elephant numbers in countries such as Kenya and Tanzania are increasing rapidly.

On the other side of the world, the grey whales of California nearly disappeared in the last century. Fortunately, the US Marine Mammals Protection Act of 1972 saved them. That same year, Mexico created the world’s first whale sanctuary on the west coast of the Baja. The grey whales recovered quickly. Today there are perhaps 20,000 and these gentle giants are now worth more alive than dead. The reason is whale-watching, American craze for tourists.

All over the world other rare species continue to receive protection; giant tortoises in the Galapagos, pink pigeons in Mauritius. In America you can hear the song of the timber wolf, and see the mountain lion in the canyons high forests.

Suddenly, wildlife is good for the tourist trade. And tourism — provided it takes only pictures and leaves only footprints — is good for the national parks. If wildlife can be seen to be paying its way, then its chance of survival will be much greater.

13. The author was hunting tigers in India.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated