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ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Пример ответа: 1

Punctuality

There are few habits as infuriating as someone making us wait. But, despite what may be running through your mind as you’re kept waiting again, it’s unlikely your friends and colleagues are just being selfish or do not care about the time. A look into the causes of lateness (or tardiness) offers a glimpse into a mind that may be malfunctioning.

Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative. “It is easy to perceive them as disorganised, chaotic, rude and lacking in consideration for others,” says Harriet Mellotte, a behavioural therapist in London. “Outside of my clinical practice, others being late can particularly get under my skin!”

But, many late people are at least somewhat organised and want to keep friends, family and bosses happy. The punctually-challenged are often excruciatingly aware and ashamed of the damage their lateness could do to their relationships, reputations and careers. Some excuses are fairly universally accepted — an accident or ailment, for example. But others aren’t so easy to swallow. Some late people will pass it off as a symptom of being concerned with loftier matters than time-keeping or having the body clock of a night owl rather than a lark.

Personality differences could also dictate how we experience the passing of time. Jeff Conte, a psychology professor at San Diego State University, ran a study in which he separated participants into Type A people (ambitious, competitive) and Type B (creative, reflective, explorative). He asked them to judge, without clocks, how long it took for one minute to elapse. Type A people felt a minute had gone by when roughly 58 seconds had passed. Type B participants felt a minute had gone by after 77 seconds. “Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety”, he says.

Dr Linda Sapadin, a psychologist from New York, says some persistent lateness comes from “an obsessive thinking problem”. The procrastinator focuses on a fear attached to the event or deadline for which they are running late. Rather than figuring out how to get beyond the fear, the fear becomes the excuse — usually expressed with a ‘but’ statement. For instance, you might tell yourself, “I wanted to be on time for that event but I couldn’t decide what to wear; I started to write an article but I was afraid my colleagues would find it not good enough,” she explains. “Whatever comes after the ‘but’ is what counts,” says Sapadin. She suggests changing the word ‘but’ to ‘and’. ‘But’ denotes opposition and blockage; ‘And’ denotes connection and resolution, she explains, so “the task becomes less frightening.”

Dr. Sapadin started on her path to punctuality by identifying and adapting the very thing that seemed to always make her late. “Instead of getting angry or upset because a friend or a loved one is always late, you can take a stand and set boundaries,” she says. “Talk about what you will do if the other person isn’t on time. Tell your late friend you’ll go into the movie without them if they’re more than ten minutes late. Tell that colleague who never turns his part of the project in on time that it just won’t be included next time –– and the boss will know about it.”

For me, a turning point came when a good friend drew her line in the sand. I was an hour late for a run in our local park. “That was it,” she said. “The truth is, I’m not going to make any more plans with you.” And so she set in motion the best thing for me: she put an end to my perpetual lateness.

18. What is the main idea expressed in the last paragraph?

1) To keep friends one should work on one’s problems.

2) People must have friendship.

3) It is hard to have unpunctual friends.

4) Always tell your friend the truth.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст / приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: was built

Street Styles

Many people, especially young people, wear things which express their ideas and feelings about life. If a boy (19) _________ (HAVE) very short, almost shaven hair, people expect him to have right wing politics. But boys with very long hair (20) _________ (THINK) to have left wing politics. A boy who wears a leather jacket (21) _________ (COVER) in bits of metal will probably ride a motorbike. The rules of fashion are not as rigid as they once were and today’s teenagers (22) _________ (NOT FOLLOW) any particular trend at all. But teens are very influenced by (23) _________ (CELEBRITY) and they have a desire to buy more luxurious items. Street styles (24) _________ (NOT CREATE) by the big fashion designers. In fact, the fashion designers often use ideas from street fashions.But some leaders of British fashion have enough ideas of their own. One of them is Jean Muir, whose designs made her one of the best designers.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст / приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: did not do

Street Styles

Many people, especially young people, wear things which express their ideas and feelings about life. If a boy (19) _________ (HAVE) very short, almost shaven hair, people expect him to have right wing politics. But boys with very long hair (20) _________ (THINK) to have left wing politics. A boy who wears a leather jacket (21) _________ (COVER) in bits of metal will probably ride a motorbike. The rules of fashion are not as rigid as they once were and today’s teenagers (22) _________ (NOT FOLLOW) any particular trend at all. But teens are very influenced by (23) _________ (CELEBRITY) and they have a desire to buy more luxurious items. Street styles (24) _________ (NOT CREATE) by the big fashion designers. In fact, the fashion designers often use ideas from street fashions.But some leaders of British fashion have enough ideas of their own. One of them is Jean Muir, whose designs made her one of the best designers.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст / приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: was built

Headphones

"Orlando, are you hungry yet?" Mom asked my older brother again. He always wears headphones on road trips, and we have to repeat whatever we say to him because he never (19)______________(HEAR) it the first time. 

It is so annoying. When I try to tell him stuff, he can't wait to put his headphones back on. So I chat with my parents, my dog and even (20) __________________(I). 

I shouldn't be expected to stay silent, should I? I couldn't be silent even if I (21) __________________(TRY).

The First Airplane Flight

Wilbur and Orville Wright read everything they could find about flying machines. They began building their own airplane in 1900. They carefully made and tested every part of the airplane. Finally, the airplane (22) _________________(BUILD). On a cold, windy day in December 1903, they

(23) ______________(FLY) their plane for the first time. Orville was the pilot as the plane lifted into the air. It stayed in the air for only 12 seconds and travelled just 120 feet the first time.

After three more tries that same day, the plane’s (24) __________(LONG) trip was almost a full minute and more than 850 feet.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст / приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Пример ответа: was built

Street Styles

Many people, especially young people, wear things which express their ideas and feelings about life. If a boy (19) _________ (HAVE) very short, almost shaven hair, people expect him to have right wing politics. But boys with very long hair (20) _________ (THINK) to have left wing politics. A boy who wears a leather jacket (21) _________ (COVER) in bits of metal will probably ride a motorbike. The rules of fashion are not as rigid as they once were and today’s teenagers (22) _________ (NOT FOLLOW) any particular trend at all. But teens are very influenced by (23) _________ (CELEBRITY) and they have a desire to buy more luxurious items. Street styles (24) _________ (NOT CREATE) by the big fashion designers. In fact, the fashion designers often use ideas from street fashions.But some leaders of British fashion have enough ideas of their own. One of them is Jean Muir, whose designs made her one of the best designers.