Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 8. Which of the following was NOT the reason why rabbits caused economic damage to Australia? 1) The population of rabbits dramatically increased in numbers very quickly. 2) Rabbits ate all the grass and plants that were meant for feeding sheep. 3) Rabbits damaged a lot of electric wires throughout the country.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: What comes to mind listeners when you think of rabbits? Is it the Easter Bunny or Bugs Bunny? Or maybe you think of cute furry little creatures with long ears and funny teeth? Rabbits are popular pets in many countries, but in one they are really dangerous. Here to tell us about these rabbits is Simon Hearn, a research scientist. So, Simon, it's almost too silly to be true. Are there really vicious rabbits somewhere in the world? Simon: Well, not in the way you might be thinking. They're not bloodthirsty monsters that physically attack anyone, but they are responsible for major economic and environmental effects in Australia. Presenter: How is that possible? They look so innocent. Simon: Well, let's start at the beginning shall we? With the history of Europeans in Australia and then we'll move on to discuss the arrival of the rabbits there. Now, in the seventeenth century a number of European explorers sailed the coast of Australia, which was then known as New Holland. Presenter: New Holland? Really? I had no idea. I suppose the obvious question is why? Simon: Ah yes, that's because the first European to explore the land was Willem Janzoon, a Dutchman. Not surprisingly he named it after his own homeland. The explorers who followed were from Spain, England, France, Sweden and many more from Holland, but they didn't stay there to colonize the land. It wasn't until 1770 that Captain James Cook claimed it for Britain. Eight years later the British began sending their criminals there for punishment. The first group arrived in Sydney on January 26, 1788. It consisted of eleven ships carrying one and a half thousand people and their supplies, including European rabbits. Presenter: Now, these rabbits were not wild and did not spread to other areas. They were probably kept in cages for food. But in 1859 twenty-four wild rabbits were released by a farmer in Australia's south for hunting. He had no idea what that would eventually lead to. Forty years later the rabbits had spread to the rest of the country except for the wet tropical forest areas in the north and had become a major pest and a huge problem. Presenter: But Australia is massive. Surely the rabbits couldn't cover such a large area. Simon: Oh but they can. Rabbits increase their populations very quickly indeed. Did you know that one female rabbit can produce thirty to forty young a year? Presenter: Oh my goodness. There would be billions of rabbits in no time at all. Simon: Yes, that's exactly what happened. And as their numbers increased they began competing for food and so they had to move to other areas in order to eat. Those billions of wild rabbits caused a lot of economic damage as they crossed the land. They destroyed farmland for crops such as wheat and cotton and grazing areas for sheep and cows. As I'm sure you know, Australia's biggest exports are wheat, beef and wool. So the rabbits have had a major impact on the economy. Presenter: And the environmental damage? Simon: That's equally bad. Rabbits destroy the land by creating underground tunnels known as burrows and by eating plants. They can completely stop plants from regrowing. Because of this many plant species have become extinct. Rabbits even compete with cows and sheep for grass. Presenter: I imagine Australia has tried to control the problem. Simon: Oh yes. One of the earliest methods was to build long fences to keep the rabbits away, but that didn't work. Since then scientists have resorted to other measures. 8. Which of the following was NOT the reason why rabbits caused economic damage to Australia? Ключевые фразы: "Rabbits increase their populations very quickly indeed." (быстрый рост популяции), "They destroyed farmland for crops such as wheat and cotton and grazing areas for sheep and cows." (уничтожали растения для овец). В тексте не сказано, что кролики повредили электрические провода. → 3) Rabbits damaged a lot of electric wires throughout the country.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 9. Rabbits in Australia destroy... 1) ...fences. 2) ...tunnels. 3) ...plants.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: What comes to mind listeners when you think of rabbits? Is it the Easter Bunny or Bugs Bunny? Or maybe you think of cute furry little creatures with long ears and funny teeth? Rabbits are popular pets in many countries, but in one they are really dangerous. Here to tell us about these rabbits is Simon Hearn, a research scientist. So, Simon, it's almost too silly to be true. Are there really vicious rabbits somewhere in the world? Simon: Well, not in the way you might be thinking. They're not bloodthirsty monsters that physically attack anyone, but they are responsible for major economic and environmental effects in Australia. Presenter: How is that possible? They look so innocent. Simon: Well, let's start at the beginning shall we? With the history of Europeans in Australia and then we'll move on to discuss the arrival of the rabbits there. Now, in the seventeenth century a number of European explorers sailed the coast of Australia, which was then known as New Holland. Presenter: New Holland? Really? I had no idea. I suppose the obvious question is why? Simon: Ah yes, that's because the first European to explore the land was Willem Janzoon, a Dutchman. Not surprisingly he named it after his own homeland. The explorers who followed were from Spain, England, France, Sweden and many more from Holland, but they didn't stay there to colonize the land. It wasn't until 1770 that Captain James Cook claimed it for Britain. Eight years later the British began sending their criminals there for punishment. The first group arrived in Sydney on January 26, 1788. It consisted of eleven ships carrying one and a half thousand people and their supplies, including European rabbits. Presenter: Now, these rabbits were not wild and did not spread to other areas. They were probably kept in cages for food. But in 1859 twenty-four wild rabbits were released by a farmer in Australia's south for hunting. He had no idea what that would eventually lead to. Forty years later the rabbits had spread to the rest of the country except for the wet tropical forest areas in the north and had become a major pest and a huge problem. Presenter: But Australia is massive. Surely the rabbits couldn't cover such a large area. Simon: Oh but they can. Rabbits increase their populations very quickly indeed. Did you know that one female rabbit can produce thirty to forty young a year? Presenter: Oh my goodness. There would be billions of rabbits in no time at all. Simon: Yes, that's exactly what happened. And as their numbers increased they began competing for food and so they had to move to other areas in order to eat. Those billions of wild rabbits caused a lot of economic damage as they crossed the land. They destroyed farmland for crops such as wheat and cotton and grazing areas for sheep and cows. As I'm sure you know, Australia's biggest exports are wheat, beef and wool. So the rabbits have had a major impact on the economy. Presenter: And the environmental damage? Simon: That's equally bad. Rabbits destroy the land by creating underground tunnels known as burrows and by eating plants. They can completely stop plants from regrowing. Because of this many plant species have become extinct. Rabbits even compete with cows and sheep for grass. Presenter: I imagine Australia has tried to control the problem. Simon: Oh yes. One of the earliest methods was to build long fences to keep the rabbits away, but that didn't work. Since then scientists have resorted to other measures. 9. Rabbits in Australia destroy Ключевая фраза: "Rabbits destroy the land by creating underground tunnels known as burrows and by eating plants." → Кролики уничтожают растения. → 3) plants.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. Пример ответа: 1234567 1. Always in a hurry 2. The city of skyscrapers 3. Winning and losing 4. Unknown side of the city 5. Saving the variety 6. Getting around the city 7. For the holiday and more 8. Nickname for a building A. New York is really the melting pot of the world. Over 30 percent of its residents have come from abroad. It is believed that the city has the greatest linguistic diversity on the planet. There are over 800 different languages divided among its people. As some of these languages are nearly extinct, the City University of New York has begun a project called the Endangered Language Alliance. Its aim is to preserve rare languages like Bukhari, Vhlaski, and Ormuri. B. New Yorkers love to think they know everything about their city: where to find the best fruit, how to avoid paying full price at museums, what route to take to avoid traffic. But New York City can reveal new treasures even to its veterans. Beyond the city where New-Yorkers work, eat, play and commute every day lies a hidden New York: mysterious, forgotten, abandoned or just overlooked. There are places about which you’re not likely to read in any guidebook. C. The Chrysler Building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan for getting the title of the tallest skyscraper in the world. The Bank was likely to triumph, with its height of 282 meters. But the spire of the Chrysler Building was constructed in secret inside the tower. Just one week after the Bank of Manhattan was finished, it was put in place, making it 318 meters tall and beating the Bank. It wouldn’t keep this title for long: one year later the Empire State Building was erected. D. The Flatiron Building was constructed between 1901 and 1903 at the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. It was designed by Chicago’s Daniel Burnham as a steel-frame skyscraper covered with white terra-cotta. Built as the headquarters of the Fuller Construction company, the skyscraper was meant to be named Fuller Building. But locals soon started calling it “Flatiron” because of its unusual shape. The name stuck and soon became official. E. How does Rockefeller Center manage to find the perfect fur-tree each Christmas season? They do aerial searches by helicopter, of course, and bring it to the city during the night when there isn’t much traffic on the streets. After the tree is taken down for the year, it continues to be useful. For example, in 2005 Habitat for Humanity used the wood to make doorframes for houses for the poor and in 2012 the paper was used to publish a book. F. In New York life never stands still. People have to call cabs, ride subway cars, do business of all kinds, eat pizzas and sandwiches for lunch. When you multiply that by more than eight million people in less than 500 square miles, you get the idea: everyone goes everywhere as fast as it is humanly possible. Whatever you do, don't stop in the middle of the sidewalk or you’ll make everyone around you incredibly angry. G. New York is extremely easy to navigate. Manhattan is divided into numbered streets from north to south and avenues from east to west. It’s almost impossible to get lost there. Buses are useful to travel around Manhattan, and the subway is the best means of transport to the other parts of the city. At some stage you’ll definitely use a yellow taxi. Try to get one on an avenue that’s going in the same direction you are – you’ll save time and money. And don’t forget to leave a tip for the driver.

A — 5. Saving the variety В тексте говорится о языковом разнообразии Нью-Йорка и о проекте по сохранению редких языков: «There are over 800 different languages divided among its people. As some of these languages are nearly extinct, the City University of New York has begun a project called the Endangered Language Alliance. Its aim is to preserve rare languages». Это описание сохранения разнообразия. B — 4. Unknown side of the city В тексте рассказывается о скрытых, забытых и заброшенных местах Нью-Йорка, о которых не пишут в путеводителях: «Beyond the city where New-Yorkers work, eat, play and commute every day lies a hidden New York: mysterious, forgotten, abandoned or just overlooked. There are places about which you're not likely to read in any guidebook». Это неизведанная сторона города. C — 3. Winning and losing В тексте описывается соревнование между небоскрёбами за звание самого высокого здания в мире: «The Chrysler Building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan... the spire of the Chrysler Building was constructed in secret... beating the Bank. It wouldn't keep this title for long: one year later the Empire State Building was erected». Это история побед и поражений. D — 8. Nickname for a building В тексте рассказывается, как здание Fuller Building получило своё прозвище Flatiron из-за необычной формы: «Built as the headquarters of the Fuller Construction company, the skyscraper was meant to be named Fuller Building. But locals soon started calling it "Flatiron" because of its unusual shape. The name stuck and soon became official». Это прозвище для здания. E — 7. For the holiday and more В тексте говорится о том, как рождественскую ёлку для Рокфеллер-центра находят и доставляют, а после праздников используют для других целей: «After the tree is taken down for the year, it continues to be useful... Habitat for Humanity used the wood to make doorframes... and in 2012 the paper was used to publish a book». Это использование ёлки не только для праздника, но и для других нужд. F — 1. Always in a hurry В тексте описывается быстрый ритм жизни в Нью-Йорке: «In New York life never stands still... everyone goes everywhere as fast as it is humanly possible. Whatever you do, don't stop in the middle of the sidewalk or you'll make everyone around you incredibly angry». Это описание людей, которые вечно куда-то спешат. G — 6. Getting around the city В тексте даются практические советы о том, как передвигаться по Нью-Йорку: «Manhattan is divided into numbered streets... Buses are useful... the subway is the best means... Try to get [a taxi] on an avenue that's going in the same direction you are – you'll save time and money». Это описание способов передвижения по городу.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Пример ответа: 1234567 Finding your sportsman spirit Doing sports, we can really test our physical fitness in contest, and it is one of the only ways that nations clash peacefully. Sportsmen and sportswomen are today’s warriors – the contests A _____________on the pitches and courts are the closest things we have to gladiatorial fighting. If sportsmen are like warriors, then the ‘sportsman spirit’ could be considered the closest thing we have to a warrior’s code – to bushido or to chivalry. If you develop good sportsmanship then this means that you take joy in the contest and at the same time B_____________, that you win graciously and that you don’t cheat. If you have put time and effort into training then you are aware of the blood, sweat and tears that the opposition has put in as well. They will have had the same dedication to their game as you have and you will know precisely C_____________. In this way you are brothers (or sisters) and the only difference between you is D_____________different teams. For this reason they deserve your respect. There are many traditions in many sports to help us retain good relationships with our opponents. This means things like shaking hands at the end of a tennis match, and this is E_____________and honourable rather than just being muddy skirmishes. You might have performed brilliantly on the pitch, but you are kidding yourself if you believe F_____________of your own doing. If nothing else, the weather and luck will have played a role in the outcome, and if you’re playing a team sport then you are only one cog in a machine. 1. what keeps sports civil 2. who can’t keep their temper 3. that you chose 4. that you respect your opponent 5. that your victory was entirely 6. that are played out 7. what they have been through

A — 6 После contests нужно придаточное с that, так как речь идёт о неодушевлённых предметах (соревнованиях). Часть 6 (that are played out) содержит that и пассивный залог, уточняя, что соревнования разыгрываются на полях и кортах. B — 4 После at the same time нужно придаточное с that (that you respect your opponent), так как в предложении перечисляются составляющие спортивного духа. Часть 4 содержит that и логически продолжает список: радоваться состязанию и одновременно уважать соперника. C — 7 После you will know precisely нужно косвенное придаточное (what they have been through), так как глагол know требует дополнения. Часть 7 содержит what и показывает, что вы знаете, через что прошли соперники (кровь, пот и слёзы). D — 3 После предлога between (the only difference between you is) требуется именное дополнение. Часть 3 (that you chose) содержит придаточное с that и показывает, что разница лишь в том, какую команду вы выбрали. E — 1 После глагола-связки is нужно именное дополнение (what keeps sports civil). Часть 1 содержит what и показывает, что традиции (рукопожатия и т.д.) — это то, что делает спорт цивилизованным, а не просто грязными стычками. F — 5 После if you believe нужно придаточное с that (that your victory was entirely), так как глагол believe требует дополнения. Часть 5 содержит that и логически завершает мысль о том, что победа не была полностью вашей заслугой (погода, удача и команда тоже сыграли роль).

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Пример ответа: 1 Study habits Effective studying is a skill. As such, it’s possible to break down your habits into ineffective study habits versus effective study habits. In an effort to optimize my academic performance, I’ve created a list of bad study habits of college students so as to avoid them. Number one all-time favourite is cramming. Cramming goes hand-in-hand with procrastination. If you wait until the last minute to study for a test, then you’ll likely find yourself memorizing facts and information without understanding them. While this could work in the short term, you have to keep in mind that most subject matter is cumulative and builds upon what you’ve previously learned. So, in the long run, you’re doing yourself a disservice by memorizing information at the last minute because what goes in quickly is also likely to be forgotten quickly. Instead, start by studying a bit every night after class. This way, you can absorb information over time and actually remember what you learn better. If you’re a crammer, then chances are high that you’ve pulled an all-nighter. As the term implies, it means you stay up all night to study. This is a lose-lose because not only are you stuck with memorizing over understanding, but you are also lacking sleep, while sleep is crucial for the brain’s functioning and ability to recall information. The next thing that does more harm than good is multitasking. While multitasking might seem like a good idea because you feel like you can get several things done in less time, the truth is that you aren’t actually focused. People who focus on one thing at a time absorb more information and are more productive. When your brain is constantly switching between tasks, you are less likely to recall information. You can also wear yourself out more quickly. To avoid multitasking, make a plan and prioritize what you will do, and study first. Only once you’ve finished the first thing on your list should you move on to the next. Studying takes time, so you have to make time to do it. As such, you’ll want to understand time management to allocate the right amount of time to study each subject. Some time management tips include prioritizing tasks, setting a schedule, breaking up big tasks, creating rewards, and waking up earlier to give yourself more time in a day. And finally, I can’t but mention missing classes. Attending will end up boosting what you learn. Since you study the material that is first introduced to you during class, you will already have the foundational knowledge you need to understand the material deeply. When you miss a class, you’ll also have to spend a lot of time making up for what you missed by copying notes or asking your peers about what you missed. The time you spend doing that could be better spent studying and reviewing what you’ve already learned. The only way to avoid missing class is to go to class! Make note of your schedule in advance so that you can fit in everything around your class schedule. And, if you choose to learn at an online institution, then the great news is you can be more flexible with your schedule. This is especially true if you enroll at an institution where classes are recorded, so you can choose when and where you want to study and learn. Studying is integral to academic life. And doing it effectively is essential for one’s success because often, just earning a degree isn’t enough. Over time, you’ll start to recognize what works for you and what doesn’t. I shared these examples so you can assess whether or not you take part in them. If you do, it’s time to drop them so that you can earn better results from your studying efforts! 12. The author made a list of study habits to … 1) classify them into groups. 2) help his friends be effective. 3) pass his exams successfully. 4) improve his studying results.

12. Ответ: 4 Цитата: "In an effort to optimize my academic performance, I've created a list of bad study habits..." → Автор составил список вредных учебных привычек, чтобы улучшить свои результаты в учёбе.