Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 6. Which of the following is TRUE about the English word "dog"? 1) It has a less popular synonym. 2) Its origins are very interesting. 3) It came from an African colony.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Welcome to our weekly program Fun with Language. As always, we have Sally Smith here. Sally: Good afternoon. Presenter: So today you're going to tell us about the development of the English language after William Shakespeare's time? Sally: Exactly. The development of the English language took a giant step just nine years before the death of Shakespeare. A great event in its development was when three small British ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1607. They landed in an area that would later become the Southern American state of Virginia, and they began the first of several British colonies. The name of the first small colony was Jamestown. Presenter: I'm afraid I don't see the connection, Sally. Sally: Just a little patience. From the very beginning, the colonists began to use words borrowed from the native people where they lived—which made a lot of sense because it was simple and convenient to do. For example, the names of many of the great rivers in the United States are taken from Native American words—the Mississippi, the Tennessee… Presenter: Any other words apart from geographical names? Sally: Sure. Other Native American words include moccasin—the kind of shoe made from animal skin that Indians wore on their feet. This borrowing or adding of foreign words to English was a way of expanding the language. And don't forget that Britain had other colonies all around the world. English also became part of these colonies. Of course, today these former colonies are independent states, but in many of them English is still one of the languages spoken. Over the centuries, the English language grew as words were added from all these native languages. Presenter: Can you give us a few more examples? Sally: Well let's see…the word shampoo meaning soap for the hair came from India. Banana is believed to be from Africa. At the same time, there are quite a few English words whose origin we just don't understand. For hundreds of years, a dog was called a hound. Hound is still used, but not as commonly as the word dog. Yet experts truly don't know where the word dog came from or when. English speakers just started using it. Other words whose origins are unknown include fun, bad and big. Presenter: When did English stop producing new words? Sally: It has never stopped. English speakers continue to invent new words by linking existing words—for example—is how the words motor and hotel were linked to become the word motel—a small hotel near a road where people traveling in cars can stay for the night. Presenter: What about acronyms? It seems new ones appear every day. Sally: True, but not all of them become widely known. And sometimes we forget that a word actually began as an acronym. Everyone knows what radar is—a device to find objects that cannot be seen—but few people know that radar is an acronym for radio detecting and ranging. Presenter: I'm going to ask a question several people may already have asked you: how many words are there in the English language? Sally: Well, no one really knows. The Oxford English Dictionary lists about six hundred fifteen thousand words, yet many scientific words not in the dictionary could increase the number to almost a million. What makes it more difficult is that experts are never sure how to count English words. For example, the word mouse—a mouse is a small creature from the rodent family, but also a hand-held device used to help control a computer. If you are counting words, do you count mouse twice? Presenter: Thank you, Sally. 6. Which of the following is TRUE about the English word "dog"? Ключевая фраза: "For hundreds of years, a dog was called a hound. Hound is still used, but not as commonly as the word dog." → У слова "dog" есть менее популярный синоним "hound". → 1. It has a less popular synonym.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 7. What, according to Sally, is one of the ways for new words to appear in English? 1) Putting words together. 2) Expansion of meanings of borrowed words. 3) Shortening of existing words.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Welcome to our weekly program Fun with Language. As always, we have Sally Smith here. Sally: Good afternoon. Presenter: So today you're going to tell us about the development of the English language after William Shakespeare's time? Sally: Exactly. The development of the English language took a giant step just nine years before the death of Shakespeare. A great event in its development was when three small British ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1607. They landed in an area that would later become the Southern American state of Virginia, and they began the first of several British colonies. The name of the first small colony was Jamestown. Presenter: I'm afraid I don't see the connection, Sally. Sally: Just a little patience. From the very beginning, the colonists began to use words borrowed from the native people where they lived—which made a lot of sense because it was simple and convenient to do. For example, the names of many of the great rivers in the United States are taken from Native American words—the Mississippi, the Tennessee… Presenter: Any other words apart from geographical names? Sally: Sure. Other Native American words include moccasin—the kind of shoe made from animal skin that Indians wore on their feet. This borrowing or adding of foreign words to English was a way of expanding the language. And don't forget that Britain had other colonies all around the world. English also became part of these colonies. Of course, today these former colonies are independent states, but in many of them English is still one of the languages spoken. Over the centuries, the English language grew as words were added from all these native languages. Presenter: Can you give us a few more examples? Sally: Well let's see…the word shampoo meaning soap for the hair came from India. Banana is believed to be from Africa. At the same time, there are quite a few English words whose origin we just don't understand. For hundreds of years, a dog was called a hound. Hound is still used, but not as commonly as the word dog. Yet experts truly don't know where the word dog came from or when. English speakers just started using it. Other words whose origins are unknown include fun, bad and big. Presenter: When did English stop producing new words? Sally: It has never stopped. English speakers continue to invent new words by linking existing words—for example—is how the words motor and hotel were linked to become the word motel—a small hotel near a road where people traveling in cars can stay for the night. Presenter: What about acronyms? It seems new ones appear every day. Sally: True, but not all of them become widely known. And sometimes we forget that a word actually began as an acronym. Everyone knows what radar is—a device to find objects that cannot be seen—but few people know that radar is an acronym for radio detecting and ranging. Presenter: I'm going to ask a question several people may already have asked you: how many words are there in the English language? Sally: Well, no one really knows. The Oxford English Dictionary lists about six hundred fifteen thousand words, yet many scientific words not in the dictionary could increase the number to almost a million. What makes it more difficult is that experts are never sure how to count English words. For example, the word mouse—a mouse is a small creature from the rodent family, but also a hand-held device used to help control a computer. If you are counting words, do you count mouse twice? Presenter: Thank you, Sally. 7. What, according to Sally, is one of the ways for new words to appear in English? Ключевая фраза: "English speakers continue to invent new words by linking existing words—for example—is how the words motor and hotel were linked to become the word motel." → Соединение существующих слов. → 1. Putting words together.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 8. What does Sally Smith say about the word "radar"? 1) No one knows where the word came from. 2) It's an acronym. 3) It's а borrowed foreign word.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Welcome to our weekly program Fun with Language. As always, we have Sally Smith here. Sally: Good afternoon. Presenter: So today you're going to tell us about the development of the English language after William Shakespeare's time? Sally: Exactly. The development of the English language took a giant step just nine years before the death of Shakespeare. A great event in its development was when three small British ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1607. They landed in an area that would later become the Southern American state of Virginia, and they began the first of several British colonies. The name of the first small colony was Jamestown. Presenter: I'm afraid I don't see the connection, Sally. Sally: Just a little patience. From the very beginning, the colonists began to use words borrowed from the native people where they lived—which made a lot of sense because it was simple and convenient to do. For example, the names of many of the great rivers in the United States are taken from Native American words—the Mississippi, the Tennessee… Presenter: Any other words apart from geographical names? Sally: Sure. Other Native American words include moccasin—the kind of shoe made from animal skin that Indians wore on their feet. This borrowing or adding of foreign words to English was a way of expanding the language. And don't forget that Britain had other colonies all around the world. English also became part of these colonies. Of course, today these former colonies are independent states, but in many of them English is still one of the languages spoken. Over the centuries, the English language grew as words were added from all these native languages. Presenter: Can you give us a few more examples? Sally: Well let's see…the word shampoo meaning soap for the hair came from India. Banana is believed to be from Africa. At the same time, there are quite a few English words whose origin we just don't understand. For hundreds of years, a dog was called a hound. Hound is still used, but not as commonly as the word dog. Yet experts truly don't know where the word dog came from or when. English speakers just started using it. Other words whose origins are unknown include fun, bad and big. Presenter: When did English stop producing new words? Sally: It has never stopped. English speakers continue to invent new words by linking existing words—for example—is how the words motor and hotel were linked to become the word motel—a small hotel near a road where people traveling in cars can stay for the night. Presenter: What about acronyms? It seems new ones appear every day. Sally: True, but not all of them become widely known. And sometimes we forget that a word actually began as an acronym. Everyone knows what radar is—a device to find objects that cannot be seen—but few people know that radar is an acronym for radio detecting and ranging. Presenter: I'm going to ask a question several people may already have asked you: how many words are there in the English language? Sally: Well, no one really knows. The Oxford English Dictionary lists about six hundred fifteen thousand words, yet many scientific words not in the dictionary could increase the number to almost a million. What makes it more difficult is that experts are never sure how to count English words. For example, the word mouse—a mouse is a small creature from the rodent family, but also a hand-held device used to help control a computer. If you are counting words, do you count mouse twice? Presenter: Thank you, Sally. 8. What does Sally Smith say about the word "radar"? Ключевая фраза: "few people know that radar is an acronym for radio detecting and ranging." → Это аббревиатура/акроним. → 2. It's an acronym.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Прослушайте запись дважды. Пример ответа: 1 9. Why is it difficult to count the exact number of English words? 1) Many of them have several meanings. 2) No one counts scientific words. 3) New words appear every day.

Now we are ready to start. Presenter: Welcome to our weekly program Fun with Language. As always, we have Sally Smith here. Sally: Good afternoon. Presenter: So today you're going to tell us about the development of the English language after William Shakespeare's time? Sally: Exactly. The development of the English language took a giant step just nine years before the death of Shakespeare. A great event in its development was when three small British ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1607. They landed in an area that would later become the Southern American state of Virginia, and they began the first of several British colonies. The name of the first small colony was Jamestown. Presenter: I'm afraid I don't see the connection, Sally. Sally: Just a little patience. From the very beginning, the colonists began to use words borrowed from the native people where they lived—which made a lot of sense because it was simple and convenient to do. For example, the names of many of the great rivers in the United States are taken from Native American words—the Mississippi, the Tennessee… Presenter: Any other words apart from geographical names? Sally: Sure. Other Native American words include moccasin—the kind of shoe made from animal skin that Indians wore on their feet. This borrowing or adding of foreign words to English was a way of expanding the language. And don't forget that Britain had other colonies all around the world. English also became part of these colonies. Of course, today these former colonies are independent states, but in many of them English is still one of the languages spoken. Over the centuries, the English language grew as words were added from all these native languages. Presenter: Can you give us a few more examples? Sally: Well let's see…the word shampoo meaning soap for the hair came from India. Banana is believed to be from Africa. At the same time, there are quite a few English words whose origin we just don't understand. For hundreds of years, a dog was called a hound. Hound is still used, but not as commonly as the word dog. Yet experts truly don't know where the word dog came from or when. English speakers just started using it. Other words whose origins are unknown include fun, bad and big. Presenter: When did English stop producing new words? Sally: It has never stopped. English speakers continue to invent new words by linking existing words—for example—is how the words motor and hotel were linked to become the word motel—a small hotel near a road where people traveling in cars can stay for the night. Presenter: What about acronyms? It seems new ones appear every day. Sally: True, but not all of them become widely known. And sometimes we forget that a word actually began as an acronym. Everyone knows what radar is—a device to find objects that cannot be seen—but few people know that radar is an acronym for radio detecting and ranging. Presenter: I'm going to ask a question several people may already have asked you: how many words are there in the English language? Sally: Well, no one really knows. The Oxford English Dictionary lists about six hundred fifteen thousand words, yet many scientific words not in the dictionary could increase the number to almost a million. What makes it more difficult is that experts are never sure how to count English words. For example, the word mouse—a mouse is a small creature from the rodent family, but also a hand-held device used to help control a computer. If you are counting words, do you count mouse twice? Presenter: Thank you, Sally. 9. Why is it difficult to count the exact number of English words? Ключевая фраза: "What makes it more difficult is that experts are never sure how to count English words. For example, the word mouse—a mouse is a small creature from the rodent family, but also a hand-held device used to help control a computer. If you are counting words, do you count mouse twice?" → Многие слова имеют несколько значений. → 1. Many of them have several meanings.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. Пример ответа: 1234567 1. Strange but true 2. Figuratively speaking 3. Iron and gold 4. A visitor from the space 5. Useful in many ways 6. Key facts 7. From the history of iron 8. Famous on screen A. Iron is a chemical element. Its symbol is Fe and its atomic number is 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is by mass the most common element on our planet, forming much of the Earth’s outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth’s crust. Pure iron is rare on the Earth’s crust, basically being limited to meteorites. However, there are a lot of iron ores, but you need temperatures of 1500 °C or higher to get them. B. Iron has been known to the mankind since ancient times. The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites. Most objects that fall to earth from space are stony, but a small proportion are ‘iron meteorites’ with iron contents of over 90%. Iron corrodes easily, so iron artifacts from ancient times are much rarer than objects made of silver or gold. Artifacts made from meteorite iron have been found dating back to about 5000 BC and so are about 7000 years old. C. It might be interesting to know that Earth has enough iron to make three new planets, each with the same mass as Mars. Iron is ferromagnetic. Ferromagnetism is the strongest type of magnetism. Moreover, iron was the first magnetic metal discovered. It is even more interesting that some animals have a sixth sense – the magnetic sense. Among them are honey bees, homing pigeons and dolphins. The Earth’s magnetic field helps them to navigate and return home successfully. D. Iron is the cheapest and most important of all metals, important in the sense that iron is overwhelmingly the most commonly used metal, accounting for 95% of worldwide metal production. Iron is used to manufacture steel and other alloys important in construction and manufacturing. Iron is also vital in the functioning of living organisms, transporting oxygen in blood via the hemoglobin molecule. Iron is essential for human brain development. E. In ancient times, people did not know how very abundant iron was on Earth. Their only source of metallic iron was meteorites. From Assyrian writings we have learnt that iron was eight times more valuable than gold. In addition to its rarity, iron may also have been very desirable because of it coming from the sky. It was thought to be a gift from the gods: the ancient Egyptians called it ‘the metal of heaven’. The connection with heaven is proved by the Pyramid Texts. F. Iron Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and then films. The character made his first appearance in March 1963. In the story, a wealthy American business magnate and a talented scientist Tony Stark suffers a chest injury. He creates a powered suit of iron armour to save his life. Later, Stark develops this suit, adding weapons and other technological devices. Both kids and adults love the story of Iron Man. G. There are many expressions with the word ‘iron’ in the English language. The British sometimes use the expression ‘the iron horse’ to speak about a train or a locomotive. When a native English speaker says that they ‘have many irons in the fire’, it means that they have several things to do. The proverb ‘Strike while the iron is hot’ means that you should take advantage of the time and the situation as quickly as possible. It is quite interesting to learn such phrases.

A — 6. Key facts В тексте приводятся основные научные данные об элементе: «Its symbol is Fe and its atomic number is 26... It is by mass the most common element on our planet». Это набор ключевых фактов о железе. B — 7. From the history of iron В тексте рассказывается, как люди начали использовать железо в древности: «The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites... artifacts made from meteorite iron have been found dating back to about 5000 BC». Это описание исторического пути железа. C — 1. Strange but true В тексте приведены необычные и удивительные факты: «Earth has enough iron to make three new planets» и «some animals have a sixth sense – the magnetic sense». Это странные, но правдивые сведения. D — 5. Useful in many ways В тексте перечисляются различные области применения железа: «Iron is used to manufacture steel and other alloys... Iron is also vital in the functioning of living organisms, transporting oxygen in blood». Это демонстрация его полезности во многих сферах. E — 3. Iron and gold В тексте проводится сравнение ценности железа и золота в древности: «iron was eight times more valuable than gold» и «it was thought to be a gift from the gods». Это прямое сопоставление этих двух металлов. F — 8. Famous on screen В тексте описывается персонаж Железный человек из комиксов и фильмов: «Iron Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and then films». Это история о персонаже, известном по экранизациям. G — 2. Figuratively speaking В тексте приводятся устойчивые выражения с английского языка: «There are many expressions with the word 'iron'... the iron horse... have many irons in the fire... Strike while the iron is hot». Это образные выражения, то есть фразы в переносном смысле.